[Use of transcatheter high-frequency artificial ventilation of the lungs in surgical treatment of obturating papillomatosis of the larynx and trachea in children]. / Primenenie chreskateternoi vysokochastotnoi iskusstvennoi ventiliatsii legkikh pri operativnom lechenii obturiruiushchego papillomatoza gortani i trakhei u detei.

Investigations of transcatheter high-frequency artificial ventilation of the lungs (THFAVL) in surgical treatment of obturating papillomatosis in children led the authors to the conclusion that this method is optimal in assisting breathing in operative intervention on the larynx. THFAVL is not feasible unless adequate expiration is provided. Hence, the high-frequency regimen must be acquired gradually under control of blood gases in parallel with reopening of rima glottidis with consideration of individual clinical situation. The most effective parameters of the above surgery are: P-1 kgs/cm 2; heart rate under 80 per minute; inhalation/expiration ratio 1:3, 1:4. The emergence of side effects can be prevented in coordinated actions of the surgeon and anesthesiologist.

[Assisted ventilation of the lungs as a method of transition from artificial pulmonary ventilation to spontaneous respiration]. / Vspomogatel'naia ventiliatsiia legkikh kak metod perekhoda ot IVL k samostoiatel'nomu dykhaniiu.

The authors describe the principal methods of assisted ventilation of the lungs used for smooth and safe transition from artificial ventilation to spontaneous respiration: trigger method, intermittent forced ventilation of the lungs, pressure support, permanent positive pressure respiration, jet high-frequency ventilation of the lungs, and two systems of the respirator response to spontaneous attempts of the patient: to pressure change and flow-by change. Basing on their own experience, the authors claim that patients with parenchymatous respiratory insufficiency better tolerate the method of pressure support, whereas those with ventilation respiratory insufficiency can be best treated by intermittent forced ventilation of the lungs. Jet high-frequency ventilation of the lungs may serve a full-value alternative to the flow-by method.

[Effect of transcutaneous stimulation of diaphragm on systemic and central hemodynamics in patients with chronic bronchitis]. / Obshchaia i tsentralnaia gemodinamika u bolnykh khronicheskim bronkhitom pri primenenii chreskozhnoi élektrostimuliatsii diafragmy.

25 males and 5 females suffering from chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) underwent transcutaneous diaphragmatic electrostimulation (TDE). As shown by central intrapulmonary hemodynamics, those patients who had no circulatory decompensation benefited from TDE. There was a decrease in the pulmonary hypertension, intensification of general hemodynamics, reduced tonicity of the pulmonary arteriolar bed, improvement of right ventricular function. In circulatory decompensation TDE may cause deterioration of right ventricular function, enhancement of circulation decompensation against unchanged pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary-arteriolar tonicity. The changes in pulmonary artery pressure, total pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary-arteriolar elasticity observed after a single TDE session may prompt the validity of further COB treatment according to the above regimen.

[Effect of positive pressure breathing on hemodynamics in patients with borderline arterial hypertension during water immersion]. / Vliianie dykhaniia pod izbytochnym davleniem na gemodinamiku u bol'nykh pogranichnoi arterial'noi gipertenziei v usloviiakh vodnoi immersii.

Patients with borderline hypertension were exposed, while being immersed, to positive pressure breathing. During exposure cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), total peripheral resistance (TPR), left ventricle work (W), blood content of head vessels (Qh), upper and lower lung lobes (Qu1 and Q11), liver (Q1) were measured. During immersion CO and MAD decreased, HR and TPR increased slightly, and W diminished. Simultaneously Qh, Qu1 and Q11 increased significantly while Q1 decreased considerably, indicating blood "centralization" during simulated microgravity. Courses of positive pressure breathing led to decreases in Qh, Qu1, Q11 and increase in Q1, i. e., they caused blood to be displaced from the head and lungs to the liver. Thus, the liver plays the role of a physiological pool which accumulates blood removed from the upper body by positive pressure.

[Effect of water immersion on indices of central hemodynamics in subjects older than 45 years]. / Vliianie vodnoi immersii na pokazateli tsentral'noi gemodinamiki u lits starshe 45 let.

The effect of 7-day dry immersion on central hemodynamics of four test subjects, aged 46, with boundary arterial hypertension was investigated. The controls were two healthy men, aged 24. Central hemodynamics was examined by integrated rheography. Variations in blood pressure, central venous pressure, stroke and cardiac indexes, heart rate and total peripheral resistance were measured. The control subjects showed a decrease of blood pressure during exposure (P less than 0.01). Two of the test subjects with a short history of boundary arterial hypertension displayed similar variations (P less than 0.01), whereas two others showed an increase of blood pressure during the immersion period (P less than 0.01). The test and control subjects did not exhibit significant differences in the stroke and cardiac indexes, heart rate, central venous pressure or total peripheral resistance: stroke and cardiac indexes decreased while central venous pressure and total peripheral resistance increased, and heart rate remained unchanged.

[Cardiosynchronized means of treatment and diagnosis]. / Kardiosinkhronizirovannye sposoby lecheniia i diagnostiki.

Diverse ways of a cardiophased action on the cardio-vascular system for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes are assessed. Requirements for the basic subunits of the assisted circulation apparatus to be met, the possibilities open for developing automatic cardiosynchronization systems, and also features peculiar to the synchronization mode in effecting coronarography and conditions necessary for implementation of the method for elective introduction of liquid agents into the supravalvular space of the aorta are discussed.