Spatial patterns associated with the distribution of immature stages of Aedes aegypti in three dengue high-risk municipalities of Southwestern Colombia.

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the main vector of human arbovirosis in tropical and subtropical areas. Their adaptation to urban and rural environments generates infestations inside households. Therefore, entomological surveillance associated with spatio-temporal analysis is an innovative approach for vector control and dengue management. Here, our main aim was to inspect immature pupal stages in households belonging to municipalities at high risk of dengue in Cauca, Colombia, by implementing entomological indices and relating how they influence adult mosquitos' density. We provide novel data for the geographical distribution of 3,806 immature pupal stages of Ae. aegypti. We also report entomological indices and spatial characterization. Our results suggest that, for Ae. aegypti species, pupal productivity generates high densities of adult mosquitos in neighbouring households, evidencing seasonal behaviour. Our dataset is essential as it provides an innovative strategy for mitigating vector-borne diseases using vector spatial patterns. It also delineates the association between these vector spatial patterns, entomological indicators, and breeding sites in high-risk neighbourhoods.

Daily dataset of precipitation and temperature in the Department of Cauca, Colombia.

This study used the geostatistical Kriging methodology to reduce the spatial scale of a host of daily meteorological variables in the Department of Cauca (Colombia), namely, total precipitation and maximum, minimum, and average temperature. The objective was to supply a high-resolution database from 01/01/2015 to 31/12/2021 in order to support the climate component in a project led by the National Institute of Health (INS) named "Spatial Stratification of dengue based on the identification of risk factors: a pilot study in the Department of Cauca". The scaling process was applied to available databases from satellite information and reanalysis sources, specifically, CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station Data), ERA5-Land (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts), and MSWX (Multi-Source Weather). The 0.1° resolution offered by both the MSWX and ERA5-Land databases and the 0.05° resolution found in CHIRPS, was successfully reduced to a scale of 0.01° across all variables. Statistical metrics such as Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Person Correlation Coefficient (r), and Mean Bias Error (MBE) were used to select the database that best estimated each variable. As a result, it was determined that the scaled ERA5-Land database yielded the best performance for precipitation and minimum daily temperature. On the other hand, the scaled MSWX database showed the best behavior for the other two variables of maximum temperature and daily average temperature. Additionally, using the scaled meteorological databases improved the performance of the regression models implemented by the INS for constructing a dengue early warning system.

Spatial patterns associated with the distribution of immature stages of Aedes aegypti in three high-risk dengue municipalities of Southwestern Colombia / Patrones espaciales asociados a la distribución de estadios inmaduros de Aedes aegypti en tres municipios de alto riesgo para el departamento del Cauca, Colombia

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the main vector of human arbovirosis in tropical and subtropical areas.  Its adaptation to urban and rural environments generates infestations inside households. Therefore, entomological surveillance in association with spatio-temporal analysis is an innovative approach to vector control and dengue management. The main aim was to inspect immature pupal stages in households belonging to municipalities at high risk of dengue in Cauca, Colombia by implementing entomological indices and relating how they influence adult mosquito density. Here, we provide novel data for the geographical distribution of 3,806 immature pupal stages of Ae. aegypti. We also report entomological indices and spatial characterization. The results suggest that for Ae. aegypti species, pupal productivity generates high densities of adults in neighbouring households, evidencing seasonal behaviour. This dataset is of great importance as it provides an innovative strategy for vector-borne disease mitigation using vector spatial patterns and their association with entomological indicators and breeding sites in high-risk neighbourhoods.

Los mosquitos Aedes aegypti son el principal vector de las arbovirosis humanas en zonas tropicales y subtropicales. Su adaptación a entornos urbanos y rurales genera infestaciones en el intradomicilio de las viviendas. De aquí que, la vigilancia entomológica en asociación con el análisis espacial y el análisis espacio-temporal sean un enfoque innovador para el control de vectores y la gestión del dengue.El objetivo principal de la investigación fue realizar una comparación de la vigilancia entomológica, mediante el uso de índices cuantitativos de pupas y de adultos en tres municipios de alto riesgo de dengue Patía (El Bordo), Miranda y Piamonte del departamento del Cauca, con el fin de examinar cómo influye la productividad de pupas, entre índices entomológicos, en la densidad de mosquitos adultos y otros patrones espaciales y temporales. Ae. aegypti , sus índices entomológicos y su caracterización espacial. Los resultados sugieren que, para las especies de Ae. aegypti , la productividad de pupas genera altas densidades de adultos en las viviendas vecinas, evidenciando un comportamiento estacional.Estos resultados son de gran importancia ya que proporciona una estrategia innovadora para la mitigación de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores utilizando patrones espaciales de los vectores y su asociación con indicadores entomológicos y lugares de cría en barrios de alto riesgo para la transmisión del dengue.

Spatial Analysis of Dengue Clusters at Department, Municipality and Local Scales in the Southwest of Colombia, 2014-2019.

Dengue is an arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes and is one of the 15 main public health problems in the world, including Colombia. Where limited financial resources create a problem for management, there is a need for the department to prioritize target areas for public health implementation. This study focuses on a spatio-temporal analysis to determine the targeted area to manage the public health problems related to dengue cases. To this end, three phases at three different scales were carried out. First, for the departmental scale, four risk clusters were identified in Cauca (RR ≥ 1.49) using the Poisson model, and three clusters were identified through Getis-Ord Gi* hotspots analysis; among them, Patía municipality presented significantly high incidence rates in the time window (2014-2018). Second, on the municipality scale, altitude and minimum temperature were observed to be more relevant than precipitation; considering posterior means, no spatial autocorrelation for the Markov Chain Monte Carlo was found (Moran test ˂ 1.0), and convergence was reached for b1-b105 with 20,000 iterations. Finally, on the local scale, a clustered pattern was observed for dengue cases distribution (nearest neighbour index, NNI = 0.202819) and the accumulated number of pupae (G = 0.70007). Two neighbourhoods showed higher concentrations of both epidemiological and entomological hotspots. In conclusion, the municipality of Patía is in an operational scenario of a high transmission of dengue.

Publishing data to support the fight against human vector-borne diseases.

Vector-borne diseases are responsible for more than 17% of human cases of infectious diseases. In most situations, effective control of debilitating and deadly vector-bone diseases (VBDs), such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, Zika and Chagas requires up-to-date, robust and comprehensive information on the presence, diversity, ecology, bionomics and geographic spread of the organisms that carry and transmit the infectious agents. Huge gaps exist in the information related to these vectors, creating an essential need for campaigns to mobilise and share data. The publication of data papers is an effective tool for overcoming this challenge. These peer-reviewed articles provide scholarly credit for researchers whose vital work of assembling and publishing well-described, properly-formatted datasets often fails to receive appropriate recognition. To address this, GigaScience's sister journal GigaByte partnered with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to publish a series of data papers, with support from the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), hosted by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Here we outline the initial results of this targeted approach to sharing data and describe its importance for controlling VBDs and improving public health.

Arbovirus vectors in municipalities with a high risk of dengue in Cauca, Southwestern Colombia.

The Culicidae family has two of the most important disease vector genus: Aedes spp. and Culex spp. Both of these are involved in the transmission of arboviruses. Here, we provide novel data for the geographical distribution of 2,383 specimens in the Culicidae family. We also report the percentage of houses infested with these vectors, and Shannon and Simpson diversity indices in three municipalities located in Cauca, Colombia. This dataset is relevant for research on vector-borne diseases because Aedes spp. can transmit arboviruses such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya, and Culex spp. is a well-known vector of West Nile virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis.

Perforación aorto-esofágica, diagnóstico clínico e imaginológico: reporte de dos casos clínicos con manejo endovascular / Aorto-esophagic perforation, clinical and imaging diagnosis: report of two cases managed by endovascular technique

La perforación concomitante de esófago y aorta se puede presentar después de la ingestión de cuerpos extraños. El reparo aórtico por técnica endovascular, a pesar de ser reciente, es un tratamiento de primera línea por tratarse de un abordaje poco invasivo, rápido y que permite la estabilización hemodinámica, en comparación con la reparación abierta tradicional. Se presentan dos casos de perforación aórtica, en los cuales se llevó a cabo el reparo endovascular con éxito. El primer paciente sufrió una ruptura contenida de la aorta torácica, secundaria a la ingestión de un cuerpo extraño (espina de pescado), y presentó mediastinitis. El segundo paciente sufrió una ruptura aórtica en el arco distal a la arteria subclavia, la cual se corrigió por vía endovascular, pero desarrolló una fístula aorto-esofágica y, finalmente, murió

Concomitant esophageal and aortic perforation has been described in the literature as major complications of foreign body ingestion. Although it has not been widely studied, aortic endovascular repair is the first line of treatment, for it is less invasive, faster and allows early patient stabilization, as compared with the traditional open repair. We present two cases managed successfully with endovascular repair of the aortic perforation. The first case had a contained rupture of the thoracic aorta caused by the ingestion of a foreign body (fish bone) and developed mediastinitis. The second case had an aortic rupture in the arc distal to the subclavian artery, managed with endovascular but he developed an aortoesophageal fistula which was finally lethal.