Subject(s)
Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Emergency Medicine/education , Medical Staff, Hospital/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Workload , Adult , Burnout, Professional/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Europe , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Quality Control , Work Schedule Tolerance , Workplace/psychology , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of hip-fracture patients with admission hyperglycaemia, and, when present, whether it was associated with a worse outcome (i.e. increased length of hospital stay, admission to ICU, or mortality). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over a 2-year period, we retrospectively analysed records of patients with a primary diagnosis of hip fracture (ICD-9-CM 820.x). The records were retrieved from an electronic hospital database. RESULTS: An admission blood sugar level (aBSL) greater than 140 mg/dl was observed in 34% of the patients and was associated with a higher in-hospital mortality (P=0.042). ICU admissions and length of stay did not differ for patients having an aBSL above or below the 140 mg/dl cut-off. CONCLUSION: Hyperglycaemia is common in hip-fracture patients. A high aBSL might serve as a prognostic indicator in hip-fracture patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hyperglycaemia-associated mortality in less severely traumatised patients, who generally are not admitted to an ICU.
Subject(s)
Emergency Service, Hospital , Hip Fractures/epidemiology , Hospital Mortality , Hyperglycemia/blood , Hyperglycemia/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Belgium , Blood Glucose/analysis , Cohort Studies , Comorbidity , Databases, Factual , Female , Hip Fractures/diagnosis , Hip Fractures/surgery , Humans , Hyperglycemia/surgery , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay , Male , Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data , Prognosis , Reference Values , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Sex Distribution , Survival Analysis , Survival Rate , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A novel fly's eye homogenizer for single mode laser diodes is presented. This technology overcomes the speckle problem that has been unavoidable for fly's eye homogenizers used with coherent light sources such as single mode laser diodes. Temporal and spatial coherence are reduced simultaneously by introducing short pulse driving of the injection current and a staircase element. Speckle has been dramatically reduced to 5% from 87% compared to a conventional system and a uniform laser line illumination was obtained by the proposed fly's eye homogenizer with a single mode UV-blue laser diode for the first time. A new spatial coherence function was mathematically formulated to model the proposed system and was applied to a partially coherent intensity formula that was newly developed in this study from Wolf's theory to account for the results.
