ABSTRACT
HYPOTHESIS: Cochlear implantation (CI) and deaf education are cost effective management strategies of childhood profound sensorineural hearing loss in Latin America. BACKGROUND: CI has been widely established as cost effective in North America and Europe and is considered standard of care in those regions, yet cost effectiveness in other economic environments has not been explored. With 80% of the global hearing loss burden existing in low- and middle-income countries, developing cost effective management strategies in these settings is essential. This analysis represents the continuation of a global assessment of CI and deaf education cost effectiveness. METHODS: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Paraguay, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela participated in the study. A Disability Adjusted Life Years model was applied with 3% discounting and 10-year length of analysis. Experts from each country supplied cost estimates from known costs and published data. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of device cost, professional salaries, annual number of implants, and probability of device failure. Cost effectiveness was determined using the World Health Organization standard of cost effectiveness ratio/gross domestic product per capita (CER/GDP)<3. RESULTS: Deaf education was very cost effective in all countries (CER/GDP 0.07-0.93). CI was cost effective in all countries (CER/GDP 0.69-2.96), with borderline cost effectiveness in the Guatemalan sensitivity analysis (Max CER/GDP 3.21). CONCLUSION: Both cochlear implantation and deaf education are widely cost effective in Latin America. In the lower-middle income economy of Guatemala, implant cost may have a larger impact. GDP is less influential in the middle- and high-income economies included in this study.
Subject(s)
Cochlear Implantation/economics , Deafness/economics , Deafness/rehabilitation , Deafness/surgery , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Gross Domestic Product , Humans , Latin America , Quality-Adjusted Life YearsABSTRACT
Los problemas nasosinusales de tipo poliposis y sinusitis crónica que no responden a tratamiento clínico adecuado requieren de cirugía; desde 1993 los autores realizan una nueva técnica en el tratamiento de esta patología se trata de la cirugía funcional endoscópica naso-sinusal (CFENS), esta técnica se ha realizado en 94 pacientes en 13 patologías diferentes siendo las más frecuentes la poliposis naso-sinusal y la sinusitis crónica. Los resultados y complicaciones de esta técnica la hacen la elección para la gran mayoría de patología de los senos paranasales.
Subject(s)
SinusitisABSTRACT
Se estudian 89 pacientes que estuvieron expuestos a la explosión accidental de una bodega de armas y municiones en un cuartel militar en Quito en 1997, estos pacientes se encontraban a una distancia que varió de unos pocos metros hasta 300 metros. Se valoró las lesiones auditivas que produo este trauma acústico en relación a la distancia en que se encontraban. La mayoría de lesiones auditivas se encuentran en estrcha relación con la distancia. Se analizan cada una de las lesiones y alteraciones audiométricas.
