EUS-Guided Cholecystoduodenostomy for a Poor Surgical Candidate With Chronic Octreotide-Associated Gallstones From Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor.

Chronic octreotide use has been associated with gallstone formation. Historically, cholecystectomy has been the defining treatment for those who have gallstone-related disease. For those who are poor surgical candidates, percutaneous and endoscopic approaches have been used. We describe the endoscopic management of a 74-year-old man with significant gallstone burden and associated sequelae because of chronic octreotide for metastatic neuroendocrine tumor through endoscopic ultrasound-guided cholecystoduodenostomy with gallstone extraction using lumen-apposing metal stents.

Successful Design and Implementation of a POEM Program for Achalasia in an Integrated Healthcare System.

BACKGROUND: Per Oral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) is a minimally invasive treatment for achalasia with results comparable to laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM). Studies have described the development of proficiency for endoscopists learning to perform POEM, and societies have defined educational and technical objectives for advanced endoscopy fellows in training. However, there is limited guidance on the organizational strategy and educational plan necessary to develop an achalasia service with POEM expertise. AIMS: We aim to outline the steps for design and implementation of a successful POEM program. METHODS: We reported our experience developing a multi-disciplinary clinical program for POEM and the steps taken to achieve procedural proficiency. We also reported our technical success (successful tunneling into the gastric cardia and myotomy of LES muscle fibers) and clinical success (post-procedure Eckardt score ≤ 3) at 3-6 months and 12 months post-procedure. Adverse events were classified per the ASGE lexicon for endoscopic adverse events. RESULTS: After creating a multi-disciplinary clinical program for achalasia and completing procedural proficiency for POEM, our technical success rate was 100% and clinical success rate 90% for the first 41 patients. One adverse event (2.4%) occurred, moderate in severity per the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) lexicon for adverse endoscopic events. CONCLUSION: In this study, we outlined the steps involved to establish a POEM service in a large integrated healthcare system. Prior competency in interventional endoscopy, procedural training models, POEM observation and education, proctorship, and interdisciplinary patient care are recommended.

Total laparoscopic management of spontaneous biliary perforation.

Spontaneous biliary perforation (SBP) in pediatrics is rare and historically has been treated with laparotomy for attempted repair and cholecystectomy. In recent years, management has evolved into a conservative approach, opting for cholecystostomy and peritoneal drainage over cholecystectomy. In this case, we report the first successful conservative management of SBP using an exclusively laparoscopic approach without cholecystectomy in a pediatric patient.

Low-Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND: The entity of low-pressure hydrocephalus remains poorly understood and thoroughly debated. Symptomatic improvement accompanied by decrease in ventricular size after prolonged subatmospheric drainage has been well documented, and this method has been considered the criterion standard of management. Few studies have examined alternative treatment options, either to avoid the risks associated with prolonged external ventricular drainage or because of the failure of traditional methods. OBJECTIVES: This study compiled and examined reported cases of low-pressure hydrocephalus in an attempt to provide an up-to-date summary of the condition. METHODS: A literature search was conducted by use of Ovid Medline and PubMed filtered for the past 25 years with specific key terms, inclusion criteria, and exclusion criteria. Selected case studies and case series were then compared, and statistical analysis was performed where appropriate. RESULTS: Over 25 years, 17 articles met our criteria. In addition to our case, 90 cases of LPH were reported. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has proved to be an effective means of studying the viscoelastic properties of the brain. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) appears to be a strong alternative, or additional, treatment. CONCLUSION: MRE may prove to be effective in studying LPH because of its ability to quantify viscoelastic properties in response to therapy. Additionally, ETV should be considered in cases of LPH, although there is little evidence in the current literature to support its use. There are suggestions that it may lead to fewer shunt-dependent patients. Future studies are needed because there are few documented examples.