[New conception of surgery in Peyronie's disease].

Clinical experience of the authors on patients with Peyronie's disease shows that intraplaque therapy with verapamil and interferon and a malignant course of the disease can result in shortening of the penis (4 and 1 cases were observed, respectively). The length of the penis diminished by 30 to 50%. The patients were treated with graft corporoplasty with endoprosthesis of the penis. Basing on the experience with these cases the following conclusions were made: intraplaque injections are hard to perform and can provoke progression of the disease; long-term conservative treatment for stabilization of the active stage of Peyronie's disease can lead to shortening of the penis; in malignant course of the disease and progressive shortening of the penis surgical policy is justified despite "acute" phase of the disease.

[Granulomatous hepatitis]. / Granulematoznyi gepatit.

The diagnosis of granulomatous hepatitis was made on the basis of granulomas observed in the liver biopsies from 64 patients. It is shown that the macrophagal granulomas are, as a rule, localized inside the lobules, do not possess the characteristic features and represent the morphological manifestations of a non-specific reactive hepatitis. At the same time macrophagal granulomas may be a stage in the formation of the epithelioid-cell granulomas. The latter reflect the long persistence of the antigen in the liver macrophages. In certain cases the epithelioid-cell granulomas acquire specific features and these allow one, when analysing the liver biopsies, to confirm or to suggest the etiology of the disease (sarcoidosis, tuberculosis). An essential help in establishing the etiology of granulomatous hepatitis comes from the repeated clinical examination of patients and repeated liver punctures.

[Morphological diagnostic criteria of nonspecific reactive hepatitis]. / Kriterii morfologicheskoi diagnostiki nespetsificheskogo reaktivnogo gepatita.

The material of 100 punch liver biopsies from patients with a secondary nonspecific reactive hepatitis as a complication of chronic disease of the alimentary canal (gall bladder, pancreas, stomach and intestine) was studied. The criteria of morphological diagnostics of this hepatitis were elaborated. It is established that the morphology of the nonspecific reactive hepatitis depends on the pathogenesis and clinical course of the underlying disease. The response of liver macrophagal system is a basis of inflammatory changes.

[Clinico-morphological characteristics of nonspecific reactive hepatitis]. / Kliniko-morfologicheskaia kharakteristika nespetsificheskogo reaktivnogo gepatita.

Nonspecific reactive hepatitis is a manifestation or complication of various diseases, being a variety of secondary hepatitis. Its morphological characteristics are identical in all cases comprising hydropic and fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, their focal necroses in different parts of the lobules, predominantly macrophage and leukocyte infiltration of portal and intralobular stroma. Different morphological types of nonspecific reactive hepatitis are distinguished with regard to location of inflammatory lesions in different parts of the lobules and to their degree of activity. Morphological differential diagnosis of nonspecific reactive hepatitis from chronic hepatitis of viral, drug, and alcohol etiology is described. However, problems of morphogenesis, mechanism of development and differential diagnosis of this kind of chronic liver inflammation have not been studied sufficiently as yet.