ABSTRACT
Each of 40 patients underwent elective laparotomy following administration of a single 1.0-gram intravenous dose of ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone or cefotaxime. Therapeutic concentrations of cefoperazone and ceftriaxone were achieved in peritoneal tissue in 20/20 patients. Only 9/20 samples from patients receiving the other two antibiotics had detectable antibiotic activity. The antibiotic concentration in peritoneal fluid (7 samples) was 2.36-11.15 times higher than that of concurrently obtained peritoneal tissue. When adjusted for the in vitro susceptibility (MIC) of potential peritoneal pathogens, our data suggest that ceftriaxone and cefoperazone may be preferable to other third-generation cephalosporins for the prophylaxis and therapy of intraabdominal infection.
Subject(s)
Ascitic Fluid/analysis , Cephalosporins/pharmacokinetics , Peritoneum , Bacteroides fragilis/drug effects , Cefoperazone/administration & dosage , Cefoperazone/pharmacokinetics , Cefoperazone/pharmacology , Cefotaxime/administration & dosage , Cefotaxime/pharmacokinetics , Cefotaxime/pharmacology , Ceftizoxime/administration & dosage , Ceftizoxime/pharmacokinetics , Ceftizoxime/pharmacology , Ceftriaxone/administration & dosage , Ceftriaxone/pharmacokinetics , Ceftriaxone/pharmacology , Cephalosporins/administration & dosage , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Female , Humans , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Male , Middle Aged , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
Concomitant concentrations of norfloxacin in serum and in gallbladder tissue and bile were determined in 10 patients after a single oral dose of 400 mg given before cholecystectomy. Concentrations in gallbladder bile ranged from 0.6 to 15.6 micrograms/ml, with a mean bile/serum ratio of 7.0. The mean concentration in gallbladder tissue was 1.8 +/- 0.8 (standard error) micrograms/g.
Subject(s)
Bile/metabolism , Gallbladder/metabolism , Norfloxacin/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
The morphology of 100 subjects' spermatozoa was examined with 6 different methods of identification. Mean results obtained were compared with each other, analyzing variances for two criteria of classification. Analysis of statistics shows that these 6 methods make a heterogeneous group. In particular, observations carried out with phase contrast and with Testsimplets self-colouring slides showed a significantly higher number of anomalies than with other methods. Papanicolau, hematoxylin-eosin and modified Giemsa staining gave an intermediate number of anomalies, which were statistically indistinguishable from each other. Hemaquick rapid staining agents for hematology gave the lowest percentage of anomalies. Differentiated analysis of anomalous heads, necks and tails showed that the 6 methods may differ in their capacity to identify the various anomalies. Given that the percentage of observed normal forms is inversely proportional to the effectiveness of a specific method in identifying anomalies, then it is evident that the choice of method is the decisive factor when defining criteria of normality.
