ABSTRACT
Most of gallbladder tumors are benign. Adenoma, cholesterol polyps, or adenomyomatosis are most frequently typical on ultrasonographic images. All symptomatic lesions must be considered as indications for surgery. It may be difficult to identify precancerous or malignant lesion. Polyps over 1cm are indication for preventive cholecystectomy. In case of suspicious polyp or suspicious wall thickening, endoscopic ultrasonography can be helpful to evaluate local tumoral spread and eliminate differential diagnosis. Unfortunately, diagnosis of gallbladder cancer is often late, when surgical resection can't be curative. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations are then useful for local and metastatic staging.
Subject(s)
Gallbladder Neoplasms/diagnosis , Diagnostic Imaging , Humans , Neoplasm StagingABSTRACT
In an attempt to determine factors of predictive value in HIV (human immuno-deficiency virus) seropositive patients, particular attention was payed to symptoms indicating early involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). A cohort of healthy carriers was thus constituted. Follow-up will be carried out every six month including clinical, biological as well as CNS imaging by NMR. Among the first 15 of them, abnormalities could be observed in 4 individuals. Lesions consisted in nodules of high signal in T2 which were localized either in the white matter or thalamic nuclei. No relationship could be demonstrated between the existence of these lesions and various criteria such as age, sex, risk factors and T4 cells count. Such lesions appeared similar to the localizations observed in multiple sclerosis or to the scars of limited vascular accidents. The nature of these lesions is not clear. They certainly indicate early involvement of CNS after primary infection by the HIV virus. They may either represent sequellae of this primary infection or early alterations announcing developing encephalopathy.
