ABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system most often characterized by clinical relapses and periods of remission. RECENT FINDINGS: The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in disease-modifying therapies for MS. Fourteen FDA-approved immunomodulatory drugs are currently available, and more medications are in development. A growing number of reported opportunistic infections, including progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), highlight the serious complications of these new drugs and the need for specific screening guidelines. Using data from Phase II and III randomized controlled trials, case reports, drug manufacturing data, and clinical experience, we outline the most common and serious infections associated with novel MS therapies.
ABSTRACT
Temporomandibular joint arthroscopy provides a minimally invasive surgical means of gaining access to the TMJ. It offers valuable diagnostic information and options in the treatment of TMJ dysfunction. Recovery and healing are more rapid, thereby reducing patient discomfort and rehabilitation time. It is estimated that there is an 85% to 90% success rate of this procedure. Patients with TMJ problems resulting from an emotional component can be helped, but their pain may persist because of related muscle tension.
