[Prospects for designing immunoglobulins to prevent and treat purulent-inflammatory diseases]. / Perspectivy sozdaniia immunoglobulinov dlia profilaktiki i lecheniia gnoino-vospolitel'nykh zabolevanii.

The paper gives the results of prophylactic and therapeutic evaluations made in gram-negative opportunistic bacteria-induced pyoinflammatory diseases during retrospective and controlled studies of blood plasma preparations and immunoglobulins that contain antibodies to lipopolysaccharides. The data available in the literature and the authors' own findings confirm the obligatory presence of antibodies to tumor necrosis factor and to other interleukins, as well as the importance of IgM antibodies to various lipopolysaccharide determinants. The paper also presents the results the results of the authors' own investigations to design and evaluate the activity of intravenous immunoglobulin that contains antibodies to IgG and IgM lipopolysaccharides, which is termed panglobulin. Prospects for designing a combined preparation containing IgM and IgG antibodies with antiendotoxic activity and antibodies to tumor necrosis factor and other interleukins.

[Anti-Escherichia antibodies in the blood sera from nonimmunized donors and in preparations of human immunoglobulin]. / Protivoésherikhioznye antitela v syvorotkakh krovi neimmunizirovannykh donorov i preparatakh immunoglobulina cheloveka.

The anti-Escherichia activity of 188 serum samples obtained from nonimmunized blood donors and 157 batches of the preparation of commercial normal human immunoglobulin were evaluated in the passive hemagglutination test with diagnostica containing E. coli antigens (serovars O2, O14, O26) and Kunin antigen, as well as Re-glycolipid Salmonella minnesota strain R595, used as sensitins. The study demonstrated that from sera of nonimmunized blood donors and from normal human immunoglobulin preparations 5-8% of batches containing anti-Escherichia antibodies to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (serovar O2) in titers of 1:640 and more could be selected. The study revealed that certain anti-Escherichia antibodies of commercial normal human immunoglobulin, to IgG.

[The immunological activity of the bacterial strain Escherichia coli M17 used in preparing a commercial preparation of colibacterin]. / Immunologicheskaia aktivnost' bakterii shtamma Escherichia coli M17, ispol'zuemogo pri izgotovlenii kommercheskogo preparata kolibakterina.

The toxicity, immunogenic properties and protective activity of the live culture of E. coli M17 and antigenic preparations obtained from cell suspensions of this strain have been studied under experimental conditions. As revealed in experiments on mice, E. coli M17 live culture has low virulence, moderate toxicity and provides the protection of immunized mice from challenge with homologous and highly virulent E. coli strains. E. coli M17 live culture, when introduced orally or intravenously into rabbits, ensures the synthesis of 02 and H6 antibodies. Blood sera taken from immunized rabbits yield better results than initial sera in experiments on the passive protection of mice. The results of our experiments show the expediency of the clinical trials of Colibacterin as a perspective Escherichia live oral vaccine.

[The dependence of the antigen-binding activity of immunoglobulin preparations on their molecular composition]. / Zavisimost' antigensviazyvaiushchei aktivnosti preparatov immunoglobulina ot ikh molekuliarnogo sostava.

The antigen-binding activity of commercial preparations of immunoglobulin with different molecular composition was studied in the enzyme immunoassay with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis protein antigen. Immunoglobulin preparations for intramuscular injection were found to possess higher specific antigen-binding activity than immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous injection, which was determined by both the presence of the highly active polymer and dimer fractions and greater specific activity of the monomer fraction. A group of intramuscular immunoglobulin preparations with a considerable content of polymers were found to have significantly greater specific activity than a group of preparations containing small amounts of polymers.

[The reactogenicity and antigenic activity of a meningococcal group B vaccine made from a natural complex of the specific polysaccharide and outer membrane proteins]. / Reactogennost' i antigennaia aktivnost' vaktsiny meningokokkovoi gruppy B iz prirodnogo kompleksa spetsificheskogo polisakharida i belkov naruzhnoi membrany.

Group B meningococcal vaccine consisting of the natural complex of specific polysaccharide and outer membrane protein (OMP) has been shown to be moderately reactogenic, safe with respect to the effect of undermining tolerance to human brain tissue antigens and to produce no allergization of humans. The vaccine under study possesses antigenic activity: (a) immunization with this vaccine ensures the fourfold rise of the level of antibodies to the group-specific polysaccharide of group B meningococcus in about 80% of persons with the initially low level of antibodies, this percentage being retained during the whole period of observation, i. e. 85 days; (b) the vaccine enhances the level of antibodies to meningococcal OMP, determined in the enzyme immunoassay and the passive hemagglutination test; (c) these data are indicative of the expediency of immunizing the risk groups of persons with the initially low level of antibodies.

[Initial experience with prophylactic Proteus vaccine immunization in an emergency clinic]. / Pervyi opyt profilakticheskoi immunizatsii proteinoi vaktsinoi v klinike skoroi pomoshchi.

As early as the first 24 hours since a severe isolated locomotor trauma the patients were immunized with Proteus vaccine. Such vaccination is shown to stimulate the production of serum specific antibodies, to reduce contamination of the wound with gram-negative agents, to shorten hospital stay and healing of the wound versus subjects vaccinated with staphylococcal anatoxin and nonimmunized patients.

[Proteus peritonitis-bacteremia in mice--a model for studying postvaccinal Proteus immunity]. / Proteinyi peritonit-bakteriemiia myshei--model' dlia izucheniia postvaktsinal'nogo antiproteinogo immuniteta.

The dynamics of the formation of postvaccinal immunity after immunization with preparations obtained with the use of hydroxylamine (HA) preparations from Proteus strains of different O serogroups, Salmonella minnesota Re-mutant and the common antimicrobial antigen isolated from Escherichia coli 14 has been studied on mice with Proteus peritonitis-bacteremia used as a model. The study has revealed that intraperitoneal immunization with Proteus HA preparations stimulates the phagocytic activity of peritoneal mononuclear cells in mice and induces an increase in the titers of specific O antibodies. Proteus antigens ensure the formation of anti-Proteus immunity, preventing the death of the animals from peritonitis-bacteremia. The protection of mice from such infection resulting from the injection of the common antigens of gram-negative bacteria is considerably less. These data are indicative of the possibility of using Proteus peritonitis-bacteremia as a model for the study of the protective potency of Proteus vaccines.

[The characteristics of the chemical composition and biological activity of Proteus antigens isolated using hydroxylamine]. / Kharakteristika khimicheskogo sostava i biologicheskoi aktivnosti antigenov proteia, izolirovannykh s pomoshch'iu gidroksilamina.

The comparative study of the chemical composition and biological properties of antigens isolated from Proteus vulgaris with the use of hydroxylamine and by two classical methods (Boivin's and Westphal's methods) has been made. As shown in this study, the treatment of bacteria with hydroxylamine makes it possible to obtain antigenic complexes with lower toxicity. At the same time hydroxylamine produces no denaturing effect on lipopolysaccharides and protein fractions of bacterial cells.

[Field trials with an oral cell-free vaccine made from Shigella flexneri]. / Polevye opyty s oral'noi beskletochnoi vaktsinoi iz Shigella flexneri.

The data on the study of the reactogenicity, safety and prophylactic potency of a new acellular vaccine prepared from S. flexneri 2a antigenic complexes are presented. According to the results of two epidemic experiments, the vaccine, introduced by oral administration, showed low reactogenicity, safety and sufficient prophylactic potency. The vaccine decreased morbidity rate in dysentery caused by S. flexneri 2a and ensured the protection of 74% (72-80%) of the vaccinees. The complete course of immunization consisting of three administrations followed by the booster administration induces the formation of specific immunity whose duration is sufficient for ensuring the protection of immunized persons during the epidemiologically unfavorable period (for at least 3 months).

[A field trial with the liquid multicomponent meningococcal vaccine ABC]. / Polevoi opyt s meningokokkovoi zhidkoi polikomponentnoi vaktsinoi ABC.

The morbidity rates of generalized forms of meningococcal infection in persons immunized with different doses of liquid meningococcal vaccine ABC were compared. The vaccine was introduced subcutaneously by means of a jet injector. Altogether 3,920 males aged 18 years and older were immunized. 1,966 vaccinees received this vaccine in a dose of 200 micrograms and 1,954 vaccinees, in a dose of 400 micrograms. Meningococcal multicomponent vaccine ABC used in these doses showed moderate reactogenicity and did not prevent the development of generalized forms of meningococcal infection.

[Polysaccharide-protein complexes isolated from different strains of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B]. / Polisakharid-belkovye kompleksy, vydelennye iz raznykh shtammov Neisseria meningitidis serogruppy B.

Fractionation of the biomass of 3 serogroup B N. meningitidis strains, obtained from solid serum-free and liquid synthetic media, by increasing concentrations of cetavlone revealed that the formation of natural polysaccharide-protein complexes with the ratio of their components approaching 1:1 was possible under the conditions ensuring the intensive synthesis of capsular polysaccharide. Two strains, 125 and 1642, grown on a solid amino peptide-containing medium regularly produced two polysaccharide-protein complexes with the protein/polysaccharide ratio approaching 1:1. One of these complexes passed easily into the supernatant fluid and could be precipitated with 0.1% cetavlone. The second complex was more firmly bound to the outer membrane of the cell and could be precipitated with 1% cetavlone. In most experiments an additional fraction with high protein content in relation to sialic acid was isolated from the biomass.

[Synthesis of group-specific polysaccharide by different strains of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B under various conditions]. / Sintex gruppospetsificheskogo polisakharida raznymi shtammami Neisseria meningitidis serogruppy B v razlichnykh usloviiakh.

Sonicated lysates of 5 N. meningitidis strains, serogroup B, obtained from two solid serum-free culture media (a medium with casamino acids and a medium with Hottinger's hydrolysate) were studied with the aim of comparing the capacity of different group B meningococcal strains for the accumulation of group-specific polysaccharide. In the lysates obtained after 7-hour growth no sialic acid was found. After 20-hour cultivation, group-specific polysaccharide was detected in the lysates obtained from 4 out of 5 strains. All sonicated lysates obtained in these experiments were serologically active. The lysates obtained from the medium containing casamino acid had a higher content of group-specific polysaccharide. N. meningitidis strain 125, obtained at the Mechnikov Central Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera (Moscow) by selection, showed the highest content of capsular polysaccharide in microbial cells and the stable yield of biomass.

[Immunological activity of a Proteus vaccine administered to volunteers simultaneously with a pyoimmunogen and adsorbed staphylococcal anatoxin]. / Immunologicheskaia aktivnost' proteinoi vaktsiny pri vvedenii dobrovol'tsam odnovremenno s pioimmunogenom i adsorbirovannym stafilokokkovym anatoksinom.

The comparative study of the immunological activity of Proteus vaccine prepared from soluble antigenic complexes was made after the immunization of volunteers with this vaccine used in the form of a single preparation and in combination with pyoimmunogen (Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine) and/or adsorbed staphylococcal toxoid. The injection of the vaccine in the form of a single preparation and in different combinations increased the ingestion of Proteus cells by neutrophils. The injection of Proteus vaccine simultaneously with pyoimmunogen and staphylococcal toxoid ensured the intensive phagocytosis of staphylococci. All combinations with Proteus vaccine, used in this investigation, stimulated the intensive formation of antibodies to Proteus vaccine strain and Re-glycolipid. Proteus vaccine introduced in combination with adsorbed staphylococcal toxoid essentially stimulated the synthesis of anti-alpha-staphylolysin.

[Biological characteristics of 3 new substrains of laboratory mice used in evaluating the quality of pertussis vaccines]. / Biologicheskie kharakteristiki trekh novykh sublinii laboratornykh myshei, ispol'zuemykh pri otsenki kachestva kokliushnykh vaktsin.

NFR/NM, NFS/NM inbred mice and M : CFLP random bred mice have been shown to possess immunobiological properties making them suitable for the evaluation of the quality of pertussis vaccines and for their standardization. NFS/NM mice are highly sensitive to the histamine-sensitizing factor, while M : CFLP mice are sensitive to the lienotoxic factor of pertussis vaccines. All these substrains of mice have sufficient fertility for their breeding under the conditions of a commercial breeding establishment.

[Preventive properties of the blood sera from persons vaccinated with a Proteus vaccine made from soluble antigen complexes]. / Preventivnye svoistva syvorotok krovi liudei, vaktsinirovannykh proteinoi vaktsinoi iz rastvorimykh antigennykh kompleksov.

In experiments of the passive protection of mice the protective properties of sera obtained from humans before and after their immunization with Proteus vaccine used as a monopreparation or in combination with staphylococcal toxoid and/or pyoimmunogen were studied. When introduced in a single subcutaneous injection, Proteus vaccine prepared from soluble antigenic complexes ensured an increase in the protective properties of sera. The second injection of the vaccine essentially enhanced the protective potency of the sera of the immunized donors. The therapeutic injection of Proteus vaccine ensured the essential increase of the protective properties of the sera. This increase could be experimentally detected within at least 25-30 days from the beginning of immunization. The immunization of volunteers with Proteus vaccine in combination with pyoimmunogen and adsorbed staphylococcal toxoid ensured the maximum increase of the protective properties of their sera.

[Immunogenicity of a vaccine made from soluble Proteus antigens]. / Immunogennost' vaktsiny iz rastvorimykh antigenov proteia.

Hemagglutinins with different specificity were determined in 270 subjects: of these, 101 were examined in the time course before and after immunization with Proteus vaccine prepared from soluble antigens. The preparation possessed pronounced immunological potency and stimulated the formation of antibodies to the vaccine strain, to heterologous Proteus strains and to the common antigens of Gram-negative bacteria. The combined scheme of the subcutaneous and local administration of the above-mentioned Proteus vaccine ensured an increase in the synthesis of IgM and IgA in patients with Proteus wound infection. Active immunization ensured an essential rise in the level of hemagglutinins to Re-glycolipid in donors and oncological patients not infected with Proteus, but did not ensure the statistically significant shifts in the antibody level to Re-glycolipids in patients with chronic Proteus infection.

[Vaccine from soluble antigens for the specific therapy of Proteus infection]. / Vaktsina iz rastvorimykh abtigenov dlia spetsificheskoi terapii proteinoi infektsii.

A vaccine prepared from Proteus soluble antigens obtained by the disintegration of microbial cells with hydroxylamine is proposed. In animal experiments the vaccine has proved to be nontoxic when injected in large single doses or in smaller doses over a prolonged period and capable of protecting mice and rabbits from Proteus infection. No pronounced postvaccinal complications have been registered in humans immunized with the vaccine. The possibility of using the vaccine for immunizing donors with the aim of obtaining hyperimmune anti-Proteus plasma and for the active vaccinal therapy of patients with Proteus infection has been shown.

[Combined Staphylococcus-Proteus-Pseudomonas vaccine. II. The toxicity of the vaccine in "chronic" experiments and its ability to protect animals against Proteus and Staphylococcus infections]. / Assotsiirovannaia stafiloproteino-psevdomonas vaktsina. Soobshchenie II. Toksichnost' vaktsin v "khronicheskikh" opytakh i ee sposobnost' zashchishchat' zhivotnykh ot zarazheniia proteem i stafilokokkom.

The combined preparation consisting of the antigenic complexes of staphylococci (1 part), Proteus (1 part) and P. aeruginosa parts) was capable of protecting mice from infection with staphylococci, Proteus and P. aeruginosa and prolonging the survival time of rabbits under the conditions of the development of staphylococcal sepsis. The staphylococcal component of the combined preparation possessed adjuvant activity, increasing the immunogenicity of Proteus antigen. The combined vaccine enhanced a short-time increase in the nonspecific resistance of the animals. The moderate toxicity of the preparation permits making multiple injections of the preparation to mice without inhibiting the weight gain of the animals.