ABSTRACT
This paper compares the results of two large-scale studies conducted as part of an ongoing research programme on employers' attitudes towards the employability of persons with severe disabilities--a study of Fortune 500 corporations and a study of employers doing business in New York State. The results indicated that both groups of employers were favourable towards the employability of persons with disabilities. Executives from large national corporations were more favourable than those from the predominantly small companies doing business in New York State. Prior contact with persons with disabilities that was positively evaluated appeared to differentiate those more and less favourable in both study groups, especially in the smaller companies of the New York State study group. Employers' characteristics associated with differences in attitudes in the literature (e.g. education, work experience) also appeared to be confirmed by data from New York State companies more than from the corporations of the Fortune 500.
Subject(s)
Administrative Personnel/psychology , Attitude to Health , Commerce , Disabled Persons , Analysis of Variance , Employment , Female , Humans , Male , New York , Surveys and Questionnaires , United StatesABSTRACT
Thirty-three men and women with mental retardation living in the New York metropolitan area (USA), who entered a supported employment programme were followed during their first 9 months in competitive employment. Differences in placement outcomes were consistently associated with gender differences. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of providing employment services to men and women with mental retardation and developmental disabilities.
Subject(s)
Employment, Supported , Intellectual Disability/rehabilitation , Adult , Demography , Employment , Ethnicity , Female , Humans , Male , New York City , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , Sex Factors , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Executives (N = 341) responsible for hiring decisions in Fortune 500 industrial and service corporations returned a mail questionnaire measuring their attitudes toward persons with severe disabilities and their employability. Responses indicated that attitudes were favorable to persons with disabilities and to their employability, both in terms of advantages for the individual and lack of disadvantages for others in the work setting. Significant differences in attitudes existed among subgroups of executives. Executives who had contact with persons with disabilities in the corporate work world had more positive attitudes than did executives who did not have such experiences.
Subject(s)
Attitude , Disabled Persons/psychology , Organizational Policy , Personnel Selection , Activities of Daily Living/psychology , Adult , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
There is little information available about the provision of supported employment services for individuals from diverse cultural, ethnic and economic backgrounds. To fill this gap, in relation to the specific experiences of urban youth with mental retardation, we initiated an agency based longitudinal study of our employment training programmes. Data from the first year follow up of 45 young adults with mental retardation is presented. Information regarding all phases of the job training and job placement process was examined. The major findings are that 71% of the trainees were employed during the first nine months post-training, with approximately 30% of the trainees working for six months or more. Overall, 75% of the trainees' placements were in service industries and the amount of direct support the trainees required decreased over time. Additional findings and their implications for programme development are discussed in relation to the unique needs of urban young adults with developmental disabilities.
Subject(s)
Employment, Supported , Intellectual Disability/rehabilitation , Rehabilitation, Vocational , Urban Population , Adult , Employee Performance Appraisal , Female , Humans , Income , Learning Disabilities/rehabilitation , Male , New York City , Social BehaviorABSTRACT
A mail survey of the largest businesses in the US, the Fortune 500 industrial and service corporations, examined the attitudes of personnel and human resource executives towards the employability of persons with severe disabilities and actual corporate practices regarding the employment of persons with disabilities. The 341 executives who responded are found to be favourable to the employment of persons with disabilities, especially if the executives work in corporations that have hired persons with disabilities within the past three years, and/or have had personally good contact with persons with disabilities in the past. Almost two-thirds of the corporations have a policy regarding hiring persons with disabilities; over one-half have hired such persons within the past three years; and over one-third have supported work programmes.
Subject(s)
Administrative Personnel/psychology , Attitude to Health , Disabled Persons/statistics & numerical data , Employment/statistics & numerical data , Industry/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Male , Personnel Management , Surveys and Questionnaires , United StatesSubject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Developmental Disabilities/rehabilitation , Disabled Persons , Mothers/education , Social Support , Videotape Recording , Adult , Child, Preschool , Curriculum , Developmental Disabilities/psychology , Disabled Persons/psychology , Female , Humans , Infant , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Intellectual Disability/rehabilitation , Male , New York CityABSTRACT
The AIDS epidemic poses a serious threat to people with developmental disabilities, the magnitude of which has not yet been fully realized by many professionals working with this population. Models for effective AIDS prevention education have been developed, however, within other populations. Key principles utilized in existing models were discussed and recommendations presented on how to adapt these models when designing programs for people who have developmental disabilities, most specifically, those in the mild/moderate range of mental retardation.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Congenital Abnormalities/rehabilitation , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Health Education , Intellectual Disability/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Education , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Humans , Intellectual Disability/rehabilitation , Rehabilitation Centers , United States , WorkforceABSTRACT
This study examines the effect of five measures of utilization of respite care services (desire to use respite care services, actual use, accessibility, scheduling and helpfulness) upon mothers' coping resources. Using the analysis of variance between utilization measures and coping resources with the following intervening variables as covariates--mothers' self-esteem, family cohesion and adaptation, and clients' and mothers' characteristics--it was found that respite care acts as a differential service that can enhance coping resources (i.e., stress reduction skills) and is of most benefit to high self-esteem mothers of young developmentally disabled children. A home-based model was found to be the most beneficial to mothers in terms of enhanced coping resources. Findings are interpreted with respect to their implications for research, program model, planning and intervention.
Subject(s)
Mothers/psychology , Respite Care , Adaptation, Psychological , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Developmental Disabilities , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychological Tests , Respite Care/organization & administration , Respite Care/statistics & numerical data , Self Concept , Surveys and QuestionnairesSubject(s)
Dental Occlusion, Centric , Malocclusion/physiopathology , Mandible/pathology , Adult , Child , Denture, Partial , Female , Humans , Male , Malocclusion/classification , Malocclusion/pathology , Malocclusion/therapy , Mandible/physiology , Middle Aged , Temporomandibular Joint/physiology , Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/therapy , Tooth/physiologySubject(s)
Dental Occlusion, Centric , Malocclusion/therapy , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Adult , Child , Denture Design , Denture, Partial , Female , History, Ancient , Humans , Male , Malocclusion/classification , Malocclusion/physiopathology , Malocclusion/surgery , Mandible/physiopathology , Masticatory Muscles/physiology , Maxillofacial Development , Middle Aged , Orthodontics, Corrective , Paleodontology , Temporomandibular Joint/anatomy & histology , Temporomandibular Joint/physiology , Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/therapy , Tooth/physiologySubject(s)
Dental Occlusion, Centric , Malocclusion/surgery , Mandible/physiology , Adult , Child , Crowns , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Denture, Partial , Female , Humans , Male , Malocclusion/classification , Malocclusion/therapy , Mandibular Condyle/physiology , Mandibular Condyle/surgery , Masticatory Muscles/innervation , Masticatory Muscles/physiology , Middle Aged , Orthodontics, Corrective , Paleodontology , Surgery, Oral , Temporomandibular Joint/growth & development , Temporomandibular Joint/physiology , Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/therapy , Tooth/physiology , Vertical DimensionABSTRACT
A fixed retruded positional concept for the mandible is traceable historically to early dental prosthodontic attempts to obtain duplicable interocclusal records. The original method, derived for relating the maxillary and mandibular jaws for edentulous patients, later gained acceptance as a physiologic entity for patients with teeth as well as for those who were edentulous. Ultimately, static centric relation led to entirely reproducible systems, involving all mandibular movements, which endeavored to match occlusal contacts with a fixed condylar envelope of motion. A fixed or static interpretation of centric relation has become the common touchstone for virtually all the subspecialties of dentistry, regardless of the relative matching and spatial relationships of the jaws,and, as such, misdirects diagnosis and treatment. An attempt has been made to demonstrate that the temporomandibular articulation has a wide range of adaptability as well as a remodeling capacity and that it assumes its position as a result of the interplay of intercuspation of teeth and the neuromusculature. A dynamic concept of centric relation is presented as a quasifixed position of temporary duration which exists in the form of an equilibrium established by the balance of the neuromusculature and ligaments. The adoption of a dynamic or alterable concept of centric relation allows for diagnosis and treatment which is rationalin theory and workable in fact.
