ABSTRACT
The mechanisms of the magnetization switching of magnetic multilayers driven by a current are studied by including exchange interaction between local moments and spin accumulation of conduction electrons. It is found that this exchange interaction leads to two additional terms in the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation: an effective field and a spin torque. Both terms are proportional to the transverse spin accumulation and have comparable magnitudes.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Laser skin resurfacing has become an ever more popular and effective technique for the treatment of photoaged skin. Often a prolonged postoperative healing period adversely affects patients and physician satisfaction. Erythema and a certain degree of patient discomfort are often believed to be inevitable as they are thought to reflect depth of wounding and consequently the efficacy of wrinkle removal. In addition, a high incidence of irritant contact dermatitis has been observed, complicating recovery. OBJECTIVE: To develop a simplified wound dressing protocol aimed at achieving mild, short-term erythema and minimal side effects following effective rhytidectomy performed by laser resurfacing. METHODS: In a retrospective study from September 1995 to May 1997, 85 patients undergoing laser resurfacing for rhytid removal were placed on a postoperative wound care protocol consisting of immediate postsurgical once-only application, for 6 days, of Biobrane, a biosynthetic semipermeable dressing followed by the topical use of only a 10% cartilage extract in ointment. RESULTS: Thirty-eight full-face/three-quarter face, 26 supralabial, 13 perioral, and eight lower eyelid/crow's feet cosmetic units were treated. The fine and course wrinkles were improved in most patients, comparing favorably with other reported series. In 94% of patients erythema was absent to light pink at 4 weeks. Mild pain necessitating a medication was used in only five patients. Twenty-six patients developed transient hyperpigmentation and three patients developed focal hypopigmentation. Delayed irritant contact dermatitis presented in three patients. No infections developed and no scarring was observed. CONCLUSION: With this wound healing protocol, carbon dioxide laser skin resurfacing can effectively improved facial rhytids with minimal to insignificant erythema or discomfort.
Subject(s)
Biocompatible Materials/therapeutic use , Coated Materials, Biocompatible , Laser Therapy , Occlusive Dressings , Rhytidoplasty/methods , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Carbon Dioxide , Dermatitis, Irritant/prevention & control , Erythema/prevention & control , Female , Glycosaminoglycans/administration & dosage , Glycosaminoglycans/therapeutic use , Humans , Hyperpigmentation/etiology , Hypopigmentation/etiology , Middle Aged , Ointments , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Patient Satisfaction , Retrospective Studies , Skin Aging , Skin Care , Wound HealingABSTRACT
A 38-year-old woman developed a generalized pustular eruption 18 h after taking an oral cephalosporin (cephalexin). After having excluded other possible pustular dermatoses, we concluded that our patient's eruption was drug-induced.
Subject(s)
Cephalexin/adverse effects , Drug Eruptions/etiology , Erythema/chemically induced , Adult , Drug Eruptions/pathology , Erythema/pathology , Female , HumansABSTRACT
In 1981 Skinner et al (1) proposed the term KID syndrome for a previously disparate group of congenital disorders principally made up of keratitis (K), ichthyosis (I), and deafness (D). The coexistence of congenital deafness associated with ichthyosis had been previously recognized (2,3), yet similarities among affected patients were overlooked because of both the paucity of cases and their seeming diversity. The patient reported by Skinner is similar to one whom we have been following at the Clinique Universitaire de Dermatologie in Geneva since 1978. After having reviewed the literature, we believe that KID syndrome is a useful, unifying clinical term.
Subject(s)
Deafness/complications , Ichthyosis/complications , Keratitis/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous/complications , Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous/immunology , Child , Child, Preschool , Deafness/congenital , Eye Diseases/complications , Female , Humans , Ichthyosis/congenital , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , SyndromeABSTRACT
For the Geriatric Institutions of Geneva, geriatrics is not just a convenient term for concealing large gaps in present medical knowledge, but a specialized branch of medicine specifically adapted to the urgent needs of the growing older adult population. These Institutions constitute a 276-bed hospital, an 80-bed extended-care facility, and a large consultation service for ambulatory patients. The staff comprises over 50 physicians and psychiatrists, multidisciplinary paramedical personnel, and a large complement of social workers. The three main goals are to: 1) address the complex medical needs of the older patient; 2) motivate the staff about the specific problems of the elderly and how to deal with them; and 3) promote awareness in the community of the complexity of problems associated with geriatric patients. The model of geriatric health-care delivery developed and practiced in Geneva is "Integrated Medicine." This is not simply a multidisciplinary approach to the multiple disorders of elderly patients, but also a particular philosophy of management with objectives specifically adapted to their unique pathophysiologic, psychiatric and social needs. The model is described as it pertains to preventive medicine, diagnosis, therapeutics, and prognosis. Integrated Medicine is not a panacea, yet it constitutes a step toward developing a health-care delivery system specifically adapted to the geriatric patient.
