ABSTRACT
The association between fetal arterial pressure and fetal plasma renin activity (PRA) was studied in 30 fetal lambs prepared acutely, but studied in utero. There was a negative correlation between resting fetal arterial pressure and resting fetal PRA (p less than 0.05). Fetal hypotension caused by intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside was associated with increases in fetal PRA. Fetal hypertension caused by intravenous infusion of phenylephrine to the fetus was associated with a decrease in fetal PRA. Maternal hypotension caused by infusion of sodium nitroprusside to the mother, and maternal hypertension caused by maternal infusion of phenylephrine caused an increase in fetal blood pressure and a fall in fetal PRA. It is concluded that the hypertensive response of the fetus to these changes in maternal blood pressure was not initiated by the fetal renin-angiotensin system. Isoprenaline caused a rise in fetal PRA. In 11 of 28 infusions this increase in fetal PRA occurred even though diastolic pressure was increased. It is concluded that there is a beta-adrenergic receptor in the fetal kidney which can release renin. The increase in fetal PRA with intravenous isoprenaline was blocked by propanolol. Infusions of adrenaline were not associated with increases in fetal PRA.
Subject(s)
Epinephrine/pharmacology , Ferricyanides/pharmacology , Fetus/drug effects , Isoproterenol/pharmacology , Nitroprusside/pharmacology , Renin/blood , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Female , Fetal Blood/analysis , Gestational Age , Heart Rate/drug effects , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Phenylephrine/pharmacology , Pregnancy , Propranolol/pharmacology , SheepABSTRACT
The role of cytochrome P-450 in the side chain cleavage of 20S,22R-dihydroxycholesterol was investigated by examining the effect of carbon monoxide on the conversion of this substance to pregnenolone by cytochrome P-450 from bovine adrenocortical mitochondria; the effect of carbon monoxide on the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone by the same enzyme also was examined. Fifty per cent inhibition of side chain cleavage was produced by gas mixtures with the following ratios: CO:O2,1.5 for cholesterol and 1.2 for 20S, 22R-dihydroxycholesterol. Photochemical action spectra revealed that light of wavelength 451 nm decreased the inhibition of side chain cleavage of both substrates to a greater extent than light of other wavelenghts. It is concluded that the heme moiety of P-450 is involved in the cleavage of 20S,22R-dihydroxycholesterol.
