ABSTRACT
Mouse models have shown that a disintegrin A metalloprotease 12 (ADAM12) is implicated during adipogenesis; the molecular pathways are not well understood. Stealth RNA interference was used to knock down ADAM12 in 3T3-L1 cells. Using gene profiling and metabolic enzymatic markers, we have identified signaling pathways ADAM12 impacts upon during proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of adipocytes. ADAM12 reduced cell numbers in proliferating preadipocytes, delayed differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes, and increased lipid accumulation in mature adipocytes. The pathway most affected by ADAM12 knockdown was regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) activity by insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs); ADAM12 is known to cleave IGFBP3 and IGFBP5. The IGF/mTOR signaling pathway was down-regulated, supporting a role for ADAM12 in the IGFBP/IGF/mTOR-growth pathway. PPARγ signaling was also down-regulated by ADAM12 knockdown. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the extracellular matrix was the cellular compartment most impacted. Filtering for matrisome genes, connective tissue growth factor ( Ctgf) was up-regulated. CTGF and IGBP3 can interact with PPARγ to hinder its regulation. Increased expression of these molecules could have influenced PPARγ signaling reducing differentiation and an imbalance of lipids. We believe ADAM12 regulates cell proliferation of preadipocytes through IGFBP/IGF/mTOR signaling and delays differentiation through altered PPAR signaling to cause an imbalance of lipids within mature adipocytes.
Subject(s)
ADAM12 Protein/metabolism , Adipogenesis , Cell Differentiation , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Lipid Metabolism , 3T3-L1 Cells , Adipocytes/cytology , Adipocytes/metabolism , Animals , Biomarkers/metabolism , Cell Count , Cell Shape , Cluster Analysis , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation , Gene Ontology , Mice , Models, Biological , Reproducibility of Results , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There are legal regulations about sexual and reproductive rights of adolescents. However, this legal framework (LF) may have contradictory elements: there are laws assuring confidentiality and access to contraception at any age but there are other laws that consider any sexual contact with an adolescent younger than 14 a sexual assault, whose report to the legal authorities in mandatory. AIM: To explore the knowledge and clinical practice of primary health care (PHC) providers regarding prevention of teenage pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Qualitative study collecting data using semi-structured interviews made to midwives and directors of PHC centers. Analysis of the data was based on Grounded Theory. RESULTS: There is a differentiated clinical care for pregnancy prevention among adolescents if they are over 14 years old. This is due to the LF, specifically to the sexual crimes law (19,927) and the law about regulation of the fertility (20,418). The differences affect health care, access and counseling about contraception and confidentiality. Healthcare of teenagers under the age of 14 is perceived as problematic for providers, due to the possible legal implications. CONCLUSIONS: The LF causes insecurity on health care providers and derives in a differentiated clinical approach according to the patient´s age. This is a barrier to provide timely and confidential access to counseling and contraception.
Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Legislation, Medical , Physician Executives , Pregnancy in Adolescence/prevention & control , Primary Health Care , Adolescent , Adult , Chile , Female , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Background: There are legal regulations about sexual and reproductive rights of adolescents. However, this legal framework (LF) may have contradictory elements: there are laws assuring confidentiality and access to contraception at any age but there are other laws that consider any sexual contact with an adolescent younger than 14 a sexual assault, whose report to the legal authorities in mandatory. Aim: To explore the knowledge and clinical practice of primary health care (PHC) providers regarding prevention of teenage pregnancy. Material and Methods: Qualitative study collecting data using semi-structured interviews made to midwives and directors of PHC centers. Analysis of the data was based on Grounded Theory. Results: There is a differentiated clinical care for pregnancy prevention among adolescents if they are over 14 years old. This is due to the LF, specifically to the sexual crimes law (19,927) and the law about regulation of the fertility (20,418). The differences affect health care, access and counseling about contraception and confidentiality. Healthcare of teenagers under the age of 14 is perceived as problematic for providers, due to the possible legal implications. Conclusions: The LF causes insecurity on health care providers and derives in a differentiated clinical approach according to the patient´s age. This is a barrier to provide timely and confidential access to counseling and contraception.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Pregnancy in Adolescence/prevention & control , Primary Health Care , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Legislation, Medical , Physician Executives , Chile , Interviews as Topic , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Muscling in cattle is largely influenced by genetic background, ultimately affecting beef yield and is of major interest to the beef industry. This investigation aimed to determine whether primary skeletal muscle cells isolated from different breeds of cattle with a varying genetic potential for muscling differ in their myogenic proliferative capacity. Primary skeletal muscle cells were isolated and cultured from the Longissimus muscle (LM) of 6 month old Angus, Hereford and Wagyu X Angus cattle. Cells were assessed for rate of proliferation and gene expression of PAX7, MYOD, MYF5, and MYOG. Proliferation rates were found to differ between breeds of cattle whereby myoblasts from Angus cattle were found to proliferate at a greater rate than those of Hereford and Wagyu X Angus during early stages of growth (5-20 hours in culture) in vitro (P < 0.05). The proliferation rates of myoblasts during early stages of culture in vitro were also found to be positively related to the liveweight and carcase weight of cattle (P < 0.05). Gene expression of MYF5 was also found to be significantly down-regulated in WagyuX compared with Angus cattle (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that early events during myogenesis are important for determining liveweight and caracase weights in cattle.
Subject(s)
Cattle/physiology , Cell Proliferation , Muscle Development , Muscle, Skeletal/cytology , Myoblasts/cytology , Animals , Body Weight , Breeding , Cattle/genetics , Cells, Cultured , Gene Expression Regulation , Male , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Myoblasts/metabolism , Myoblasts, Skeletal/cytology , Myoblasts, Skeletal/metabolismABSTRACT
The nitronate and nitrovinyl methods to synthesize indole glucosinolates (GLs) have been investigated. The results were applied to generally the most prevalent natural indole glucosinolates to synthesize 4-methoxyglucobrassicin (MGB) and neo-glucobrassicin (NGB) in moderate overall yield for the first time. The anti-inflammatory activity of the synthetic indole GLs was determined by inhibition of TNF-α secretion in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. The data showed that glucobrassicin (GB) exhibited higher activity than other synthetic indolyl GLs.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Glucosinolates/pharmacology , Indoles/pharmacology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemical synthesis , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Glucosinolates/chemical synthesis , Glucosinolates/chemistry , Humans , Indoles/chemical synthesis , Indoles/chemistry , Lipopolysaccharides/antagonists & inhibitors , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Molecular Structure , Structure-Activity Relationship , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
Aromatic GLs are important members of the glucosinolate family of compounds because of their potential biological activity and medicinal properties. This study has shown success in the high yielding synthesis of some important aromatic GLs as well as the results of testing for anti-inflammatory properties of the synthetic GLs. 3,4-Dimethoxyphenylglucosinolate was found to be the most active anti-inflammatory of the seven glucosinolates assayed.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemical synthesis , Glucosinolates/chemical synthesis , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Carbohydrate Sequence , Cell Line , Glucosinolates/chemistry , Glucosinolates/pharmacology , Humans , Molecular StructureABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar los factores que facilitan la conversación sobre sexualidad entre padres e hijos/as de primer ciclo de enseñanza básica. Método: Estudio de diseño transversal y analítico. Se estudiaron 210 padres de ambos sexos con hijos/as cursando el primer ciclo de enseñanza básica de tres colegios de la Región Metropolitana, uno municipalizado, uno particular subvencionado y uno particular pagado, los cuales contestaron una encuesta que formaba parte de un diagnóstico previo a la aplicación de un Programa de Educación Sexual destinado a niños/as del primer ciclo de enseñanza básica. Se ajustó un modelo de regresión logística múltiple para identificar aquellos factores que facilitan la conversación de sexualidad entre padres e hijos/as. Resultados: Los factores que aumentan la posibilidad de los padres de sentirse bien al conversar de sexualidad con sus hijos son: hijos que cursan 3º a 4º básico, padres que habían asistido anteriormente a un curso de educación sexual y estiman tener alto nivel de conocimiento en educación sexual. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran la necesidad de capacitar a los padres en educación sexual para que puedan abordar estos temas con sus hijos a más temprana edad.
Objective: To determine the factors that facilitate the talking about sexuality between parents and children the first cycle of basic education. Method: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study. We studied 210 parents of either sex with sons / daughters studying the first cycle of basic education in three schools in the metropolitan region, one public, one private subsidized and one private, which answered a survey that was part of a previous diagnosis of the implementation of a sex education program aimed at children the first cycle of basic education. Multiple logistic regression model to identify factors that facilitate conversation about sexuality between parents and sons / daughters was used. Results: Factors that increase the probability of parents to feel good to talk about sexuality with their children include: children enrolled in 3rd-4th grade, parents who had previously attended a course in sex education and estimated to have high level of knowledge on sex education. Conclusions: The results show the need to train parents in sex education so that they can address these issues with their children at a younger age.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Child , Communication , Parent-Child Relations , Sexuality , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sex EducationABSTRACT
Una amplia discusión existe en torno a los abusadores sexuales, especialmente en relación a lograr establecer un perfil que permita reconocerlos fácilmente para de esa manera actuar en la prevención del abuso sexual. El objetivo de la presente revisión es dar una visión general de las características de los abusadores sexuales y revisar brevemente las diferentes teorías que se han desarrollado en torno al abuso sexual, modelos teóricos que podrían explicar el abuso sexual infantil. También se revisan los diferentes tratamientos que se han aplicado a los abusadores sexuales para impedir que éstos reincidan en el abuso sexual.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Child Abuse, Sexual/classification , Child Abuse, Sexual/psychology , Pedophilia/classification , Pedophilia/psychology , Pedophilia/therapy , Psychopathology/classification , Psychopathology/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Los profesionales de la atención primaria en salud, como aquellos que atienden preferentemente adolescentes, cada vez más, se ven enfrentados a consultas relacionadas con el desarrollo de la identidad sexual, ya sea en relación con el rol, género u orientación sexual. Este es un tema que despierta preocupación, por el desconocimiento que existe y por los prejuicios que puede generar. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir las características y procesos que se relacionan con las dificultades en el desarrollo de la identidad sexual que presentan un grupo de adolescentes consultantes en un centro de adolescentes. Es un estudio exploratorio descriptivo. Los sujetos de estudio son adolescentes de ambos sexos que se identificaron como homosexuales o lesbianas, o presentaron comportamientos homosexuales o fueron etiquetados como homosexuales en sus familias o en el colegio y que consultaron en CEMERA entre enero de 1988 y junio de 2004. A todos ellos se les aplicó un cuestionario especialmente diseñado para adolescentes que consultan en CEMERA en su primera visita al Centro ingresando un porcentaje de ellos a la Unidad de Salud Mental del Centro. Para efectos de esta presentación se seleccionaron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, motivo de consulta, quién motivó la consulta, relación con los padres, problemas generados con el descubrimiento de la orientación sexual y diagnóstico de Salud Mental. La información recolectada se ingresó a una base de datos para su análisis. Se realizaron análisis uni y bivariado utilizando el software EPIINFO 6.0. Los resultados muestran que 50 adolescentes consultaron en este período. La mayoría de sexo masculino, estudiantes y solteros. El 58 por ciento tiene 15 años o menos. En el 34,8 por ciento la consulta fue motivada por uno o ambos padres (principalmente la madre), en el 26 por ciento la motivación fue desde el colegio y en el 22,4 por ciento fue motivación de la propia adolescente. El 68 por ciento de los casos fue evaluado en Salud Mental. De los y las adolescentes evaluados en esta Unidad, se observó que sólo un 21,1 por ciento no presentaban patología en Salud Mental, mientras que el resto presentaba trastornos adaptativos (39,5 por ciento), rasgos de desarrollo anormal de la personalidad (13,2 por ciento), trastornos depresivos (7,9 por ciento), trastornos conductuales (7,9 por ciento) y otros trastornos en porcentajes menores.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Bisexuality/psychology , Homosexuality/psychology , Prejudice , Adaptation, Psychological , Adolescent Health Services , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Gender Identity , Parent-Child Relations , Social IdentificationABSTRACT
La masturbacion es todo acto autoestimulatorio que tiende a producir o incrementar la satisfacción. Históricamente ha sido un tema tabú, controversial y lleno de mitos y en esto no ha estado exento el mundo científico. Esta revisión pretende dar una visión general y animar a profundizar y difundir la investigación en este tema. La adolescencia es el período en donde se encuentra la mayor frecuencia de masturbación. La conducta masturbatoria está presente en ambos sexos, en todas las etapas de la vida y no es excluyente a tener relaciones sexuales satisfactorias. El reprender o castigar a un niño por masturbarse puede acarrear culpa y vergüenza acerca de su sexualidad. La masturbación se ha utilizado como técnica terapéutica en disfunciones sexuales. La masturbación excesiva o compulsiva puede ser un síntoma de trastornos psiquiátricos o psicológicos.
