ABSTRACT
It is the first time for this research to utilize the method of health risk assessment. Combining with Beijing reclaimed water project, the exposure dose level and health risk to contact people are investigated and studied. The risk assessment model is built, and the exposure parameters of occupational workers and common people are provided, when reclaimed water was used for streets watering. The health risks of 19 main chemical pollutants in reclaimed water are evaluated quantificationally. The results show that the total risk caused by carcinogens is 8.47 x 10(-)6 for occupational workers and 3.78 x 10(-6) for common people.
Subject(s)
Carcinogens/analysis , Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods , Water Microbiology , Water Pollutants/analysis , China , Risk Assessment , Water Purification/methodsABSTRACT
The exposure assessment method and model of various reclaimed water uses are built combining with Beijing reclaimed water project. Firstly the daily ingesting dose and lifetime average daily dose (LADD) of exposure people are provided via field work and monitoring analysis, which could be used in health risk assessment as quantitative reference. Take park irrigation as a example, for occupational workers, the total daily ingesting dose is 0.07 L/d, LADD of disinfection by-products(DBPs) via the respiratory route is 2.8 x 10(-7) - 1.2 x 10(-5) mg x (kg x d)(-1), LADD of DBPs via the dermal route is 5.8 x 10(-8) - 2.4 x 10(-6) mg x (kg x d)(-1). For common people, the total daily ingesting dose is 0.04-0.05 L/d, LADD of DBPs via the respiratory route is 1.1 x 10(-7) - 6.8 x 10(-6) mg x (kg x d)(-1).
Subject(s)
Carcinogens/analysis , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods , Water Pollutants/analysis , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Humans , Models, Theoretical , Risk Assessment , Water Microbiology , Water Purification/methodsABSTRACT
Using the technique of microbial risk assessment, concentration limitations of pathogenic microorganisms for various reclaimed water uses are studied. The concentration limitations are: Escherichia coli 70 MPN/L, Salmonella 0.5 CFU/L, Shigella 0.1 CFU/100L, Hepatitis A virus 0.001 PFU/100L, Rotavirus 1.2 x 10(-3) PFU/100L, Poliovirus 0.07 PFU/100L, Coxsackie 0.04 PFU/100L, Echovirus 0.05 PFU/100L, Cryptosporidium 0.1 oocysts/100 L, Giardia lamblia 0.03 cysts/100 L.
