Correction to "Research on the Optimization for Acidification Modification Scheme Considering Coal's Wettability Based on the AHP-TOPSIS Method".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03428.].

Research on the Optimization for Acidification Modification Scheme Considering Coal's Wettability Based on the AHP-TOPSIS Method.

Acidification technology is an important measure for enhancing the extraction of coalbed methane from seams with low permeability and abundant minerals, and the acidification scheme is the key to the success of acidification treatment. To determine the optimal acidification modification scheme, an improved AHP-TOPSIS method is proposed to decide on the optimal conditions for wettability modification. This method constructs an evaluation index system, taking the wettability of coal as the target layer and the pro/hydrophobic functional groups in coal as the index layer. Meanwhile, it innovatively takes the adsorption energy of each functional group when absorbing a single water molecule as the basis for assigning weights to the evaluation indexes. Then, nine acidification modification schemes are evaluated and selected by the improved AHP-TOPSIS method based on the test results of different schemes to get the optimal one. The optimal scheme selected by the AHP-TOPSIS method is validated by water adsorption tests and isothermal adsorption tests. The results showed that the significance of each evaluation index is ranked as follows: aromatic structures > hydroxyl groups > aliphatic functional groups > oxygen-containing functional groups. The optimal acidification modification scheme is selected by the AHP-TOPSIS method with a HF concentration of 4% and a reaction time of 6 h. The ranking of acidification modification schemes obtained by the AHP-TOPSIS method is in high agreement with the ranking of water adsorption tests. When compared with raw coal, the coal samples treated with the optimal scheme have lower adsorption capacity for gas, which indicates that the aforementioned method could be used to evaluate and select the optimal acidification modification scheme, and the selected optimal scheme has the potential to increase the output of coalbed methane.

Embedding TiO2microspheres into the active layer as light scatterers in a perovskite photodetector to boost light harvesting.

Here, TiO2microspheres with particle sizes of 200-400 nm are embedded in p-i-n perovskite photodetectors, which are used as light scatterers. This approach was implemented to change the light transfer path in the perovskite layer, which gives the device higher photon-capture ability in a specific incident wavelength range. Compared with a pristine device, the photocurrent and responsivity of the device based on such a structure are obviously enhanced in the ranges of 560-610 nm and 730-790 nm. The photocurrent under 590 nm incident light wavelength illumination (light intensityP= 31.42µW·cm-2) increases from 1.45µA to 1.71µA, with an increase of 17.93%, and the responsivity reaches 0.305 A·W-1. In addition, the introduction of TiO2has no additional negative impact on the carrier extraction and the dark current. Also, the response time of the device did not deteriorate. Finally, the role of TiO2as light scatterers is further verified by embedding microspheres into mixed-halide perovskite devices.

Primary lung cancer in children and adolescents: Analysis of a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database.

Background: The incidence of primary lung cancer (LC) in children and adolescence was rare. We analyzed data from a SEER database to better define the incidence, clinical characters, pathology, treatment, and outcomes of rare primary malignant pulmonary tumors in childhood and adolescence. Methods: Patients were chosen from the SEER database (SEER*Stat 8.4.0 software) from 2000 to 2019 and all patients were pathologically diagnosed with primary malignant tumors of the lung and bronchus. Demographic characteristics of patients (age, gender, race, primary site, laterality, location, differentiation grade, operation methods, histology, and history of radiotherapy and chemotherapy), as well as TNM stage and survival time, were collected. Results: A total of 301 cases of children ≤19 years of age with a primary malignant pulmonary tumor were reported to the SEER database from 2000 to 2019. There were 143 men (47.5%) and 158 women (52.5%). Whites represented majority of patients (79.7%), followed by Black (13.6%) and others (6.7%). As for the primary site, the main site was the lower lobe (33.2%), followed by the upper lobe (26.9%). Most of the patients (80.4%) underwent surgery. Lobectomy (39.9%) is the main operation method. Only 28 (9.3%) patients received radiotherapy and 112 (37.2) patients received chemotherapy. Carcinoid tumor was the most common histology (29.6%), followed by pulmonary blastoma (PB) (22.3%), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) (12.3%), adenocarcinoma (10.3%), neuroendocrine tumor (NET) (5.7%), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (5.3%), atypical carcinoma (2.3%). The mean follow-up time was 100 months. For the entire group of children and adolescents, the 1-year OS was 89.1%, and the 3-year overall survival (OS) was 79.7%. the 5-year OS was 77.9%, the 10-year OS was 75.7%, and the 15-year OS was 73.9%. And 1-year lung cancer specificity survival (LCSS) was 89.8%, and the 3-year LCSS was 80.4%. the 5-year LCSS was 79.4%, the 10-year LCSS was 77.7%, and the 15-year LCSS was 75.9%. The OS of atypical carcinoma, carcinoid tumor, and MEC were in the top three. Conclusions: Primary LC in children and adolescent were rare and histopathological diverse. Fortunately, children and adolescents with LC had an overall favorable outcome after treatment. Histology, differentiation grade, surgery, TNM stage, and therapeutic modalities have important influence on OS. The further treatment experience of each pathological type would make better evidence-based practice possible.

An Apparent Permeability Model in Organic Shales: Coupling Multiple Flow Mechanisms and Factors.

It is of great significance to study shale apparent permeability under the action of multiple flow mechanisms and factors because shale reservoirs possess complex pore structures and flow mechanisms. In this study, the confinement effect was considered, with the thermodynamic properties of gas being modified, and the law relating to the conservation of energy adopted to characterize bulk gas transport velocity. On this basis, the dynamic change of pore size was assessed, from which shale apparent permeability model was derived. The new model was verified by three steps: experimental and molecular simulation results of rarefied gas transport, shale laboratory data, and comparison with different models. The results revealed that, under the conditions of low pressure and small pore size, the microscale effects became obvious, which significantly improved gas permeability. Through comparisons, the effects of surface diffusion and matrix shrinkage, including the real gas effect, were obvious in the smaller pore sizes; nevertheless, the stress sensitivity effect was stronger in larger pore sizes. In addition, shale apparent permeability and pore size decreased with an increase in permeability material constant and increased with increasing porosity material constant, including internal swelling coefficient. The permeability material constant had the greatest effect on gas transport behavior in nanopores, followed by the porosity material constant; however, the internal swelling coefficient had the least effect. The results of this paper will be important for the prediction and numerical simulation of apparent permeability relating to shale reservoirs.

A joint triple extraction method by entity role attribute recognition.

In recent years, joint triple extraction methods have received extensive attention because they have significantly promoted the progress of information extraction and many related downstream tasks in the field of natural language processing. However, due to the inherent complexity of language such as relation overlap, joint extraction model still faces great challenges. Most of the existing models to solve the overlapping problem adopt the strategy of constructing complex semantic shared encoding features with all types of relations, which makes the model suffer from redundancy and poor inference interpretability in the prediction process. Therefore, we propose a new model for entity role attribute recognition based on triple holistic fusion features, which can extract triples (including overlapping triples) under a limited number of relationships, and its prediction process is simple and easy explain. We adopt the strategy of low-level feature separation and high-level concept fusion. First, we use the low-level token features to perform entity and relationship prediction in parallel, then use the residual connection with attention calculation to perform feature fusion on the candidate triples in the entity-relation matrix, and finally determine the existence of triple by identifying the entity role attributes. Experimental results show that the proposed model is very effective and achieves state-of-the-art performance on the public datasets.

Defect recombination suppression and carrier extraction improvement for efficient CsPbBr3/SnO2heterojunction photodetectors.

Perovskite materials with excellent optical and electronic properties have huge potential in the research field of photodetectors. Constructing heterojunctions and promoting carrier transportation are significant for the development of perovskite-based optoelectronics devices with high performances. Herein, we demonstrated a CsPbBr3/SnO2heterojunction photodetector and improved the device performances through post-annealing treatment of SnO2film. The results indicated that the electrical properties of SnO2films will make an important impact on carrier extraction, especially for type-II heterojunction. As the electrons transfer layer in CsPbBr3/SnO2type-II heterojunction, defects related to oxygen vacancy should be the key factor to affect carrier concentration, induce carriers' limitation and recombination rate. Under proper annealing temperature for SnO2layer, the recombination rate can decrease to 1.37 × 1021cm3s and the spectral responsivity will be highly increased. This work can enhance the understanding on the photoresponse of perovskite photodetectors, and will be helpful for the further optimization and design of optoelectronic devices based on the perovskite heterojunction.

[Characteristics and Clinical Application of Commonly Used Wound Dressings].

The pathological mechanism of wound healing is complicated and affected by multiple factors. Modern wound dressings are widely used in the clinical management of wound healing and have achieved good therapeutic effects. Clinically, wounds are often caused by different etiologies. However, there are few reviews focus on the selection of reasonable dressings for different types of wounds. This study mainly focuses on the characteristics of commonly used wound dressings and summarizes the characteristics of the most commonly used wound dressings in clinical practice and their effects. The advantages and disadvantages of pathology wounds: diabetic foot ulcers, pressure injuries, burns, and leg ulcers are reviewed. This study aims to provide references for the development and clinical selection of wound dressings for scientific researchers and first-line nursing staff who are engaged in wound dressings.

Band structural and absorption characteristics of antimonene/bismuthene monolayer heterojunction calculated by first-principles.

The band gap of lateral heterojunctions (LHSs) can be continuously tuned by changing the widths of their components. In this work, Sb/Bi LHSs based on monolayer Sb and Bi atoms with armchair and zigzag interfaces are constructed, respectively. It exhibits an atom's number in planner-dependent tunable band gap and near-infrared range absorption characteristics. They are systematically studied by first-principles calculations. The widths are represented by the number (n) of Sb or Bi atom chains. When n increases from 2 to 8, the bandgaps of armchair Sbn/Bin LHSs decrease from 0.89 to 0.67 eV, and the band gaps of zigzag Sbn/Bin LHSs decrease from 0.92 to 0.76 eV. The partial density of states spectra indicate that the occupied states of the valence band are mainly provided by the Bi 6p orbitals. Additionally, the unoccupied states of the conduction band are always provided by the Sb 5p orbitals and Bi 6p orbitals. For Sbn/Bin LHSs, the absorption edge along XX and YY directions move toward the long wavelength direction. These results provide an approach for the applications of two-dimensional materials in near-infrared devices.

Review for Rare-Earth-Modified Perovskite Materials and Optoelectronic Applications.

In recent years, rare-earth metals with triply oxidized state, lanthanide ions (Ln3+), have been demonstrated as dopants, which can efficiently improve the optical and electronic properties of metal halide perovskite materials. On the one hand, doping Ln3+ ions can convert near-infrared/ultraviolet light into visible light through the process of up-/down-conversion and then the absorption efficiency of solar spectrum by perovskite solar cells can be significantly increased, leading to high device power conversion efficiency. On the other hand, multi-color light emissions and white light emissions originated from perovskite nanocrystals can be realized via inserting Ln3+ ions into the perovskite crystal lattice, which functioned as quantum cutting. In addition, doping or co-doping Ln3+ ions in perovskite films or devices can effectively facilitate perovskite film growth, tailor the energy band alignment and passivate the defect states, resulting in improved charge carrier transport efficiency or reduced nonradiative recombination. Finally, Ln3+ ions have also been used in the fields of photodetectors and luminescent solar concentrators. These indicate the huge potential of rare-earth metals in improving the perovskite optoelectronic device performances.

Marked Efficiency Improvement of FAPb0.7Sn0.3Br3 Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes by Optimization of the Light-Emitting Layer and Hole-Transport Layer.

Highly luminescent FAPb0.7Sn0.3Br3 nanocrystals with an average photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of 92% were synthesized by the ligand-assisted reprecipitation method. The 41-nm-thick perovskite film with a smooth surface and strong PL intensity was proven to be a suitable luminescent layer for perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Electrical tests indicate that the double hole-transport layers (HTLs) played an important role in improving the electrical-to-optical conversion efficiency of PeLEDs due to their cascade-like level alignment. The PeLED based on poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(4,40-(N-(p-butylphenyl))-diphenylamine)] (TFB)/poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) double HTLs produced a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 9%, which was improved by approximately 10.9 and 5.14 times when compared with single HTL PVK or the TFB device, respectively. The enhancement of the hole transmission capacity by TFB/PVK double HTLs was confirmed by the hole-only device and was responsible for the dramatic EQE improvement.

Identification of RET fusions in a Chinese multicancer retrospective analysis by next-generation sequencing.

Fusion of RET with different partner genes has been detected in papillary thyroid, lung, colorectal, pancreatic, and breast cancer. Approval of selpercatinib for treatment of lung and thyroid cancer with RET gene mutations or fusions calls for studies to explore RET fusion partners and their eligibility for RET-based targeted therapy. In this study, RET fusion patterns in a large group of Chinese cancer patients covering several cancer types were identified using next-generation sequencing. A total of 44 fusion patterns were identified in the study cohort with KIF5B, CCDC6, and ERC1 being the most common RET fusion partners. Notably, 17 novel fusions were first reported in this study. Prevalence of functional RET fusions was 1.05% in lung cancer, 6.03% in thyroid cancer, 0.39% in colorectal cancer, and less than 0.1% in gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Analysis showed a preference for fusion partners in different tumor types, with KIF5B being the common type in lung cancer, CCDC6 in thyroid cancer, and NCOA4 in colorectal cancer. Co-occurrence of EGFR mutations and RET fusions with rare partner genes (rather than KIF5B) in lung cancer patients was correlated with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and could predict response to targeted therapies. Findings from this study provide a guide to clinicians in determining tumors with specific fusion patterns as candidates for RET targeted therapies.

Low-Roughness-Surface Additive Manufacturing of Metal-Wire Feeding with Small Power.

Aiming at handling the contradiction between power constraint of on-orbit manufacturing and the high energy input requirement of metal additive manufacturing (AM), this paper presents an AM process based on small-power metal fine wire feed, which produces thin-wall structures of height-to-width ratio up to 40 with core-forming power only about 50 W. In this process, thermal resistance was introduced to optimize the gradient parameters which greatly reduces the step effect of the typical AM process, succeeded in the surface roughness (Ra) less than 5 µm, comparable with that obtained by selective laser melting (SLM). After a 10 min electrolyte-plasma process, the roughness of the fabricated specimen was further reduced to 0.4 µm, without defects such as pores and cracks observed. The ultimate tensile strength of the specimens measured about 500 MPa, the relative density was 99.37, and the Vickers hardness was homogeneous. The results show that the proposed laser-Joule wire feed-direct metal deposition process (LJWF-DMD) is a very attractive solution for metal AM of high surface quality parts, particularly suitable for rapid prototyping for on-orbit AM in space.

Rosai-Dorfman disease with lung involvement in a 10-year-old patient: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare benign proliferative disease whose etiology is not clear and may be related to infection or unexplained immune dysfunction. The authors present a case of RDD with lung involvement in a 10-year-old patient. CASE SUMMARY: A 10-year-old girl found that her left cervical lymph nodes were enlarged for more than 7 mo, and the largest range was about 6.5 cm × 5.9 cm × 8.1 cm. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple masses in the left neck, with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. A malignant tumor, with a high possibility of lymph node metastasis, was initially considered. At the same time, lung computed tomography showed multiple nodules of different sizes scattered on both sides of the lung, with uniform internal density. Thus, a possible metastatic tumor was considered. Finally, RDD was diagnosed by pathology and immunohistochemistry. According to the antibiogram, clindamycin was administered for 2 wk, and prednisone acetate was administered for 7 wk. Nine months later, the ulcer in the left neck was better than before, but the imaging showed that the lesion was not controlled. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of RDD cannot be made by a single tool and its treatment is a long-term exploratory process. Follow-up is necessary.

Antisolvent solvothermal synthesis of MAPbBr3 nanocrystals for efficient solar photodecomposition of methyl orange.

Exploring high performance photocatalysts is of great importance to relieve the environment pollution issues. In this paper, we introduce a facile antisolvent solvothermal method to synthesize methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite (MAPbBr3) nanocrystals and successfully employ them as efficient photocatalysts. Compared to the room temperature synthesized MAPbBr3 (RT-MAPbBr3), the antisolvent solvothermal synthesized MAPbBr3 (AS-MAPbBr3) has multiple outstanding properties, such as improved crystallinity with lower grain boundary density, enhanced light absorption in visible range, suitable band gap of 2.31 eV and extended photoluminescence (PL) lifetime as long as 2627.82 ns. By taking advantages of the above merits, the AS-MAPbBr3 exhibits efficient photocatalytic performance by decomposition of methyl orange under solar light. A high apparent rate constant of 101.2 × 10-3 is achieved along with excellent cyclability, which significantly outperforms the RT-MAPbBr3 (56.0 × 10-3) and P25 (16.5 × 10-3). The underlying mechanism for MO photocatalytic degradation is deeply explored and proposed. Our present study suggests that the antisolvent solvothermal method can be a promising method to synthesize perovskite nanocrystals, and might also provide some insights in developing a series of high performance perovskite based photocatalysts.

Self-Structural Healing of Encapsulated Perovskite Microcrystals for Improved Optical and Thermal Stability.

Perovskite materials and their optoelectronic devices have attracted intensive attentions in recent years. However, it is difficult to further improve the performance of perovskite devices due to the poor stability and the intrinsic deep level trap states (DLTS), which are caused by surface dangling bonds and grain boundaries. Herein, the CH3 NH3 PbBr3 perovskite microcrystal is encapsulated by a dense Al2 O3 layer to form a microenvironment. Through optical measurement, it is found that the structure of perovskite can be healed by itself even under high temperature and long-time laser illumination. The DLTS density decreases nearly an order of magnitude, which results in 4-14 times enhancement of light emission. The observation is ascribed to the micron-level environment, which serves as a self-sufficient high-vacuum growth chamber, where the components of the perovskite are completely retained when sublimated and the decomposed atoms can re-arrange after thermal treatment. The modified structure showing high thermal stability is able to maintain excellent optical and lasing stability up to 2 years. This discovery provides a new idea and perspective for improving the stability of perovskite and can be of practical interest for perovskite device application.

Anisotropic Response of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloy Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting.

This study investigated the anisotropic characteristics of the microstructural, mechanical and corrosion properties of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy produced by selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing (AM). Under the extremely high thermal gradient during the SLM process, a columnar solidification structure with a single face-centered cubic (FCC) phase structure was formed. The crystal structure exhibited a regular checkerboard structure in the XOY plane (perpendicular to the building direction), which was composed of {110} direction and a small amount of {100} fiber texture. The cellular-dendritic sub-structures formed in the columnar crystal structure with sizes of about 500 nm in diameter. As for the mechanical properties, the XOY plane exhibited higher ultimate tensile strength and yield strength (σ0.2) but lower elongation to failure compared to the XOZ plane (parallel to building direction), which reflected the anisotropy of the microstructure. The electrochemical test results of the different planes showed that the XOZ plane exhibited better corrosion resistance in comparison with the XOY plane in the 3.5 wt % NaCl solution, which was on account of the selective attack at the Mn-rich inter-cellular regions and the different structures of the cellular-dendritic sub-structures on different planes.

Stereocomplementary Synthesis of Pharmaceutically Relevant Chiral 2-Aryl-Substituted Pyrrolidines Using Imine Reductases.

Exploring a collection of naturally occurring imine reductases (IREDs) identified two stereocomplementary IREDs with reducing activity toward sterically hindered 2-aryl-substituted pyrrolines. Using (R)-selective ScIR and (S)-selective SvIR, various chiral 2-aryl-substituted pyrrolidines with excellent enantioselectivity (>99% ee) were stereocomplementarily synthesized in good yield (60-80%), demonstrating the feasibility of IREDs for generating pharmaceutically relevant chiral 2-aryl-substituted pyrrolidine intermediates.

Uniform Li Deposition Sites Provided by Atomic Layer Deposition for the Dendrite-free Lithium Metal Anode.

The nonuniform nucleation of lithium (Li) leads to dendritic behavior and formation of dead Li, which seriously hinders the practical application of Li metal batteries. Here, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used to deposit uniform and conformal ZnO coating (at a low content of 5.96%) on carbon fibers to form a free-standing framework Li host material without uncontrollable dendrites. Compared with the liquid deposition process, the ALD method can achieve homogeneous and conformal ZnO coating and excellent lithiophilicity of the carbon fiber, guiding molten Li infusion into the carbon fiber skeleton to obtain the Li/C composite electrode with a flat surface, thereby minimizing the effective current density. More importantly, the converted LiZn alloy will serve as uniform and numerous nucleation sites for Li and guide synchronous growth of the Li metal along carbon fibers, displaying a dendrite-free morphology after large-current and long-term deposition/dissolution cycling. Therefore, the ALD ZnO-modified carbon fiber/Li exhibits significantly better cycle and rate performances than the liquid deposition ZnO-modified carbon fiber/Li composite anode. The electrodes display an ultralong lifespan up to 400 cycles at 3.0 mA/cm2, as well as a high rate performance (with a deposition overpotential of 338 mV at 25.0 mA/cm2) at a high Li deposition areal capacity of 5.0 mA h cm-2.