Celastrol Alleviates Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Brain Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Promoting OPA1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fusion.

Mitochondrial oxidative stress is one of the characteristics of secondary brain injury (SBI) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), contributing largely to the apoptosis of neurons. Celastrol, a quinone methide triterpene that possesses antioxidant and mitochondrial protective properties, has emerged as a neuroprotective agent. However, the activity of celastrol has not been tested in ICH-induced SBI. In this study, we found that celastrol could effectively alleviate neurological function deficits and reduce brain oedema and neuronal apoptosis caused by ICH. Through electron microscopy, we found that celastrol could significantly attenuate mitochondrial morphology impairment. Therefore, we tested the regulatory proteins of mitochondrial dynamics and found that celastrol could reverse the downwards trend of OPA1 expression after ICH. In view of this, by culturing OPA1-deficient primary neurons and constructing neuron-specific OPA1 conditional knockout mice, we found that the protective effects of celastrol on mitochondrial morphology and function after ICH were counteracted in the absence of OPA1. Further experiments also showed that OPA1 is indispensable for the protective effects of celastrol on ICH-induced secondary brain injury. In summary, we have demonstrated that celastrol is a potential drug for the treatment of ICH and have revealed a novel mechanism by which celastrol exerts its antioxidant effects by promoting OPA1-mediated mitochondrial fusion.

Al distribution and structural stability of H-BEA zeolites at different Si/Al ratios and temperatures: a first-principles study.

Beta zeolites have been widely used in acid-catalyzed reactions because of their excellent properties. An in-depth study of the position, quantity, and distribution of beta zeolites substituted by Al is significant to understand the catalytic performance of the active site of zeolite catalysts. The distribution of Al in H-BEA and the structure of silanol nests in dealuminated BEA at different Si/Al ratios and synthesis temperatures were studied by the DFT method. T1, T2, T7, and T9 sites were chosen to be simulated. The synthesis temperature can change the distribution of Al and the proportion of T sites at different Si/Al ratios. The proportion of T7 and T9 is more than 70% at different Si/Al ratios of H-BEA and decreases with the synthesis temperature. T1 and T2 sites begin to appear when Si/Al < 20 and the proportion of T1 and T2 sites is less than 20%. When Si/Al < 8, the substitution energy of the AlSiAl structure, which has Si(2Al, 2Si) species, is obviously lower than that of the normal structure, which indicates that the Al-O-Si-O-Al species will appear in H-BEA. The Al(T7)Si(T5)Al(T9)Si(T5)Al(T7) and Al(T1)Si(T1)Al(T9) groups can not only stabilize H-BEA but also play an essential role in the formation of Si(2Al, 2Si) species. For dealuminated BEA zeolites, the silanol nest forms four hydrogen bonds through four silanols. The orientation of silanol groups in the silanol nest formed after dealumination at different T sites is different. The T7 and T9 sites in H-BEA are more likely to undergo dealumination. By contrast, the dealumination of the T1 and T2 sites is a challenge.

Clinical analysis of second-trimester pregnancy termination after previous caesarean delivery in 51 patients with placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUNDS: Pregnancy termination during the second trimester in patients with placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a complex and challenging clinical problem. Based on our literature review, there has been a relative increase in the number of such cases being treated by hysterotomy and/or local uterine lesion resection and repair. In the present study, a retrospective analysis was conducted to compare the clinical outcomes when different management strategies were used to terminate pregnancy in the patients with placenta previa and PAS. METHODS: A total of 51 patients who underwent pregnancy termination in the second trimester in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital between June 2013 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed in this study. All patients having previous caesarean delivery (CD) were diagnosed with placenta previa status and PAS. RESULTS: ① Among the 51 patients, 16 cases received mifepristone and misoprostol medical termination, 15 cases received mifepristone and Rivanol medical termination, but 1 of them was transferred to hysterotomy due to failed labor induction, another 20 cases were performed planned hysterotomy. There was no placenta percreta cases and uterine artery embolization (UAE) was all performed before surgery.② There were 31 cases who underwent medical termination and 30 cases were vaginal delivery. Dilation and evacuation (D&E) were used in 20 cases of medical abortion failure and in all 30 cases of difficult manual removal of placental tissue. ③ A statistically significant difference was found among the three different strategies in terms of gestational weeks, the type of placenta previa status, main operative success rate and ß-HCG regression time (P < 0.05). ④ There were 4(7.8%) cases who were taken up for hysterectomy because of life-threatening bleeding or severe bacteremia during or after delivery and hysterotomy. The uterus was preserved with the implanted placenta partly or completely left in situ in 47(92.2%) cases. Combined medical and/or surgical management were used for the residual placenta and the time of menstrual recovery was 52(range: 33 to 86) days after pregnancy termination. CONCLUSIONS: Terminating a pregnancy by vaginal delivery through medical induction of labor may be feasible if clinicians have an overall understanding of gestational age, the type of placenta previa status, the type of placenta accreta, and patients concerns about preserving fertility. A collaborative team effort in tertiary medical centers with a very experience MDT and combined application of multiple methods is required to optimize patient outcomes.

Design and Testing of Inertial System for Landslide Displacement Distribution Measurement.

Landslide displacement monitoring plays a fundamental role in the study of landslide evolution mechanisms, forecasting, risk assessment, prevention, and control. To fill the deficiencies of traditional instrumentation for measuring landslide displacement distributed along lateral direction, a landslide displacement measurement method based on deformation-coupled pipeline trajectory measurement is proposed, and a pipeline trajectory inertial measurement instrument is developed. The developed instrument, primarily comprised of a single shaft gyro, two axis accelerometers, and an external roller encoder, is designed as an axial half strapdown-radial half platform structure combined with a mechanical gravity platform. This structure avoids the singularity of pitch angle and roll angle and can expediently calculate a pipeline trajectory with an Eulerian transformation when obtaining several basic physical variables, e.g., the axial linear velocity, pitch angle, roll angle, and azimuth angle. Additionally, the pipeline trajectory, measured at different times, possesses the ability to reflect the displacement evolution feature of landslides. The results of prototype simulation tests imply a single measurement accuracy of a 12 cm/100 m span and a singly periodic multiple (more than five times) measurement accuracy of a 3 cm/100 m span, which meets medium-precision displacement measurement requirements for a landslide. Additionally, the finished instrument has been successfully applied to the deformation monitoring of the Majiagou I# landslide, which further verifies its feasibility and offers a reference for similar landslides.

Early clinical features and risk factors for cesarean scar pregnancy: a retrospective case-control study.

The aim of this study was to investigate early clinical features and risk factors for cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Study group of 206 CSP patients out of 6853 women with early pregnancies, diagnosed from 2014 to 2016 was compared with a randomly selected control group of 412 patients. Early clinical features for CSP were vaginal bleeding (OR: 9.65; 95% CI: 5.67-16.41), lower abdominal pain (OR: 3.8; 95% CI: 1.52-9.54) and increased white blood cells (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.12-1.50). Important risk factors for CSP were artificial abortion within the last pregnancy (OR: 4.13; 95% CI: 2.23-7.66), 0 ∼ 1 year and 2 ∼ 3 year interval between present and last pregnancy (OR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.11-4.67 and OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.15-4.03). Pregnancy problems are important issues within the scope of 'Gynecological Endocrinology'. Vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain, although unspecific, could be early clinical symptoms of CSP, especially if main risk factors exist such as abortion within the last pregnancy and short interval to the last pregnancy. Knowing this can help for prevention and early diagnosis CSP which can reduce life-threatening complications such as massive hemorrhage and can avoid hysterectomy. Consequence also must be to avoid unwanted pregnancies by using effective contraception, especially in risk patients.

[Isoliquiritigenin can inhibit migration and invasion of human glioma stem cells by down-regulating matrix metalloproteinases].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of isoliquiritigenin on the migration and invasion of human glioma stem cells and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: The stem cell markers CD133 and Nestin in SHG44 human glioma stem cells were examined with immunofluorescence microscopy. The migration and invasion ability of glioma stem cells was determined by transwell method. The mRNA and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were detected by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: CD133 and Nestin were positive in SHG44 cells. The number of migrated cells in SHG44 cells treated with 20 and 80 µmol/L isoliquiritigenin for 48 h were significantly lower than that in control group (76±5 and 42±4 vs. 85±6, all P<0.01), and the number of migrated cells in 80 µmol/L isoliquiritigenin group was lower than that in 20 µmol/L isoliquiritigenin group (P<0.01). The numbers of cells crossing through membrane in 20 and 80 µmol/L isoliquiritigenin groups were 190±13 and 130±9, respectively, which were significantly lower than that in control group (230±14, all P<0.01), and the number of crossed cells in the 80 µmol/L isoliquiritigenin group was lower than that in 20 µmol/L isoliquiritigenin group (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were decreased compared with control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the expression levels in 80 µmol/L isoliquiritigenin group were lower than those in 20 µmol/L isoliquiritigenin group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Isoliquiritigenin exhibits antitumor effects on glioma stem cells by inhibiting cell migration and invasion, which may be related to the down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9.

Design and Testing of a Flexible Inclinometer Probe for Model Tests of Landslide Deep Displacement Measurement.

The physical model test of landslides is important for studying landslide structural damage, and parameter measurement is key in this process. To meet the measurement requirements for deep displacement in landslide physical models, an automatic flexible inclinometer probe with good coupling and large deformation capacity was designed. The flexible inclinometer probe consists of several gravity acceleration sensing units that are protected and positioned by silicon encapsulation, all the units are connected to a 485-comunication bus. By sensing the two-axis tilt angle, the direction and magnitude of the displacement for a measurement unit can be calculated, then the overall displacement is accumulated according to all units, integrated from bottom to top in turn. In the conversion from angle to displacement, two spline interpolation methods are introduced to correct and resample the data; one is to interpolate the displacement after conversion, and the other is to interpolate the angle before conversion; compared with the result read from checkered paper, the latter is proved to have a better effect, with an additional condition that the displacement curve move up half the length of the unit. The flexible inclinometer is verified with respect to its principle and arrangement by a laboratory physical model test, and the test results are highly consistent with the actual deformation of the landslide model.

Adverse obstetric outcomes in pregnant women with uterine fibroids in China: A multicenter survey involving 112,403 deliveries.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between uterine fibroids and adverse obstetric outcomes. METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 112,403 deliveries from 14 provinces and 39 different hospitals in 2011 in mainland China. We compared pregnancy outcomes in women with and without uterine fibroids who underwent detailed second trimester obstetric ultrasonography during 18 to 22 weeks. Obstetric outcomes include cesarean delivery, breech presentation, preterm delivery, placenta previa, placental abruption, premature rupture of membranes and neonatal birthweight. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Of 112,403 women who underwent routine obstetric survey, 3,012 (2.68%) women were identified with at least 1 fibroid. By univariate and multivariate analyses, the presence of uterine fibroids was significantly associated with cesarean delivery (Adjusted odds radio [AOR] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-2.0), breech presentation (AOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2-1.5) and postpartum hemorrhage (AOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.4). The size of uterine fibroids and location in uterus had important effect on the mode of delivery. The rates of PPH were significantly higher with increasing size of the uterine fibroid (P<0.001). And the location of fibroid (intramural, submucosal or subserosal) also have a statistically significant impact on the risk of PPH (5.6% [subserosal] vs 4.7% [submucosal] vs 8.6% [intramural]). CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with uterine fibroids are at increased risk for cesarean delivery, breech presentation and postpartum hemorrhage. And different characteristics of uterine fibroids affect obstetric outcomes through different ways. Such detailed information may be useful in risk-stratifying pregnant women with fibroids.

Curettage after uterine artery embolization combined with methotrexate treatment for caesarean scar pregnancy.

In the present study, we evaluated the diagnosis and management modalities of caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Thirty patients diagnosed with CSP were retrospectively studied between February, 2010 and February, 2012. Twenty-five patients were offered prophylactic uterine artery embolization (UAE) and methotrexate (MTX) prior to uterine suction curettage. Five cases were referred from other hospitals where the initial management with uterine suction curettage had resulted in uncontrollable massive haemorrhage, 4 of the cases had UAE and one proceeded immediately to hysterectomy. In the 25 patients treated with prophylactic UAE and MTX, 12 had laparoscopy-guided curettage and 13 had ultrasound-guided curettage without complication. The results showed that the 25 patients with CSP, who received prophylactic UAE and MTX prior to uterine curettage, recovered without complications. Five patients referred from other hospitals, where uterine curettage was the primary procedure, had severe complications including uncontrolled vaginal bleeding and uterine rupture. Four of the five patients were treated successfully with emergency UAE and the remaining patient underwent emergency hysterectomy as ultrasound examination detected significant haemorrhage between the uterus and the bladder. Of the 25 patients who received prophylactic UAE combined with MTX, there were no reports of irregular menstruation or serious adverse effects. Notably, the decrease in serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels 3 days post-surgery was greater with ultrasound-guided curettage (84.3±5.5%) than with laparoscopy-guided curettage (76.3±10.2%). In summary, the data suggested that prophylactic UAE with MTX followed by ultrasound-guided curettage is the most effective therapeutic approach in CSP.

A novel method for correcting scanline-observational bias of discontinuity orientation.

Scanline observation is known to introduce an angular bias into the probability distribution of orientation in three-dimensional space. In this paper, numerical solutions expressing the functional relationship between the scanline-observational distribution (in one-dimensional space) and the inherent distribution (in three-dimensional space) are derived using probability theory and calculus under the independence hypothesis of dip direction and dip angle. Based on these solutions, a novel method for obtaining the inherent distribution (also for correcting the bias) is proposed, an approach which includes two procedures: 1) Correcting the cumulative probabilities of orientation according to the solutions, and 2) Determining the distribution of the corrected orientations using approximation methods such as the one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The inherent distribution corrected by the proposed method can be used for discrete fracture network (DFN) modelling, which is applied to such areas as rockmass stability evaluation, rockmass permeability analysis, rockmass quality calculation and other related fields. To maximize the correction capacity of the proposed method, the observed sample size is suggested through effectiveness tests for different distribution types, dispersions and sample sizes. The performance of the proposed method and the comparison of its correction capacity with existing methods are illustrated with two case studies.

Serum peptidome profiling analysis for the identification of potential biomarkers in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia patients.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a precancerous disease of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. We Used Mass Spectrometry based peptidome profile study to predict the transformation of CIN1, which is the primary stage of this lesion. . Serum samples of 34 Cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients, 31 healthy controls, and 29 CIN1 samples were analyzed. Peptides were purified by WCX magnetic beads (Bioyong), and analyzed by MALDI TOF (Bruker). Raw data were analyzed by BioExplorer software (Bioyong). The results showed 14 mass peaks with significant differences. The diagnosis model is established by analyzing peptide profiles of 15 SCC patients and 20 healthy women serum, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100.00%. In validation set, the SCC diagnosis model also had good performance with a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 100%. In addition, this model could predict 29 CIN1 patients with accuracy of 55.17%. These results would provide a new method to predict the trend of CIN1 and take effective measures for high risk group timely.

[Cesarean delivery rate and indications in mainland China: a cross sectional study in 2011].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate cesarean delivery rates and indications by region in mainland China. METHODS: A cross sectional survey of all deliveries in 39 hospitals in 14 provinces of mainland China from January 1 to December 31, 2011 was evaluated for mode of delivery, cesarean delivery rates and indications for delivery. RESULTS: (1) A survey of a total of 112 138 women at delivery with gestations greater than 24 weeks was analyzed. 79 631 and 32 507 deliveries were obtained from the tertiary and secondary hospitals respectively. 90 971 were primipara, 21 167 were multipara. Of these pregnancies, 61 084, 49 734 and 1 320 cases resulted in cesarean delivery, vaginal delivery and operative vaginal delivery respectively, the cesarean delivery rate was 54.472% (61 084/112 138). Among 61 084 women who had cesarean delivery, 14 998 cases of the cesarean deliveries were performed without medical indications, 46 086 cases of the cesarean deliveries had medical indications. The cesarean delivery rate of the tertiary hospitals was 55.927% (44 535/79 631), and was significant higher than that in the secondary hospitals (50.909%, 16 549/32 507; P < 0.01). (2) Overall 24.553 % (14 998/61 084) of cesarean deliveries were performed without medical indications. 19.744% (8 793/44 535) of the cesarean deliveries without medical indications were performed in the tertiary hospitals, and was significant lower than in the secondary hospitals (37.495%, 6 205/16 549;P < 0.01). (3) Maternal request was the most common indication (24.553% of all cesarean deliveries), followed by fetal distress (12.507% , 7 640/61 084), cephalopelvic disproportion (11.787%, 7 200/61 084), previous uterine surgery (10.374%, 6 337/61 084), malpresentation (5.815%, 3 552/61 084), failure to progress (5.710%, 3 488/61 084) and suspected macrosomia (5.594%, 3 417/61 084). CONCLUSIONS: The increasing caesarean section rate in mainland China is explained mainly by the high non-indicated caesarean section rate. The main medical indications of the cesarean deliveries included fetal distress, cephalopelvic disproportion, previous uterine surgery, malpresentation and failure to progress.

The immune function differences and high-risk human papillomavirus infection in the progress of cervical cancer.

INVESTIGATION: To study the differences immune function in normal cervix, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer tissue, and study the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical local immune function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study determined the form, quantity, distribution, and intensity of CD4+Th cells, S-100+ dendritic cells (DCs) and CD57+NK cells in the normal cervical tissue, CIN cervical tissue, and cervical cancer by histopathological and image analyses. RESULTS: The immune function was differences in the progress of cancer genesis. The numbers of the CD4+ Th cells, S-100+ DCs, and CD57+NK cells increased with the progress of the disease in CIN, but when cancer occurred, immune cells decreased in local cervical tissue. CONCLUSION: From lesion precancerous to infiltrating carcinoma, the form, quantity, and intensity of expression of immune cells changed, which may indicate that the cervical local immune function has changed. Furthermore, high-risk HPV infections are more active in local immune function.

The 2011 survey on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in China: prevalence, risk factors, complications, pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a group of medical complications in pregnancy and also a risk factor for severe pregnancy outcomes, but it lacks a large-scale epidemiological investigation in recent years. This survey represents a multicenter cross-sectional retrospective study to estimate the prevalence and analyze the risk factors for HDP among the pregnant women who had referred for delivery between January 1st 2011 and December 31st 2011 in China Mainland. A total of 112,386 pregnant women were investigated from 38 secondary and tertiary specialized or general hospitals randomly selected across the country, of which 5,869 had HDP, accounting for 5.22% of all pregnancies. There were significant differences in the prevalence of HDP between geographical regions, in which the North China showed the highest (7.44%) and Central China showed the lowest (1.23%). Of six subtypes of HDP, severe preeclampsia accounted for 39.96%, gestational hypertension for 31.40%, mild preeclampsia for 15.13%, chronic hypertension in pregnancy for 6.00%, preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension for 3.68% and eclampsia for 0.89%. A number of risk factors for HDP were identified, including twin pregnancy, age of >35 years, overweight and obesity, primipara, history of hypertension as well as family history of hypertension and diabetes. The prevalence of pre-term birth, placental abruption and postpartum hemorrhage were significantly higher in women with HDP than those without HDP. The possible risk factors confirmed in this study may be useful for the development of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of HDP.

Hysteroscopic and laparoscopic management of uterine defects on previous cesarean delivery scars.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the treatment of previous cesarean delivery scar defect after cesarean delivery and the feasibility of laparoscopic uterine repair or hysteroscopic scar excision. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective clinical study that took place from June 2009 to March 2013 and included 41 women who had previously had cesarean deliveries. RESULTS: Seventeen women underwent a laparoscopic approach for the repair of scar diverticula, and 24 women underwent a hysteroscopic resection of fibrotic tissue overhanging underneath the diverticula. Most women remained free of symptoms over a 3- to 16-month follow-up and 6 women became pregnant without pregnancy complications. CONCLUSION: Women with a history of cesarean delivery combined with irregular perimenstrual bleeding should undergo combined hysteroscopy and ultrasound examination to detect latent scar defects. In diagnosed cases, in those who desired future pregnancies and had a residual myometrial thickness of <3.5 mm or a defect that accounted for ≥50% of the anterior uterine wall, laparoscopic surgical repair was performed with good postoperative anatomic outcomes. Women with residual myometrial thickness of ≥3.5 mm or a defect that accounted for <50% of the anterior uterine wall were treated with hysteroscopic surgery and had a relief of symptoms.

Current overview of pregnancy complications and live-birth outcome of assisted reproductive technology in mainland China.

OBJECTIVE: To survey the proportion of births born after assisted reproductive technology (ART) and compare the obstetric and prenatal complications between ART and spontaneous pregnancy in women in mainland China. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: Thirty-nine hospitals. PATIENT(S): A total of 112,403 deliveries from 14 provinces and 39 different hospitals composed our retrospective study. INTERVENTION(S): A multiprovince, hospital-based survey was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The prevalence of obstetric complications, mode of delivery, and prenatal outcomes were compared between ART and spontaneous pregnancy. For each group, data included singleton and twin deliveries. RESULT(S): The proportion of infants born as a result of ART in mainland China was about 1.013% in 2011. The incidence of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy (11.0%, odds ratio [OR], 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.60), premature delivery (27.0%, OR, 4.53, 95% CI 3.91-5.25), gestational diabetes mellitus (15.1%, OR 3.05, 95% CI 2.57-3.60), and placenta previa (4.5%, OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.62-2.94) were markedly increased in women who conceived using ART. The cesarean section rate in the ART pregnancy group was 85.3%, which is significantly higher than spontaneous pregnancies (54.0%). Compared with spontaneous pregnancy, ART pregnancy had a significantly increased incidence of low birth weight babies (29.7%) and birth gestational age of less than 37 weeks (30.0%). Infants conceived by ART have increased low 5-minute Apgar and mortality. CONCLUSION(S): This population-based survey demonstrates that the proportion of births from ART in mainland China was about 1.013% in 2011. Multiple gestation is significantly increased in ART pregnancies, relative to spontaneous pregnancies. The increasing incidence and risk of maternal complications in ART pregnancies (e.g., premature delivery, placenta previa, gestational diabetes mellitus) are found in singleton and twin gestations in ART. A higher cesarean section rate, low birth weight infants, and higher infant mortality rate were also observed in ART pregnancies. Our survey provides a comprehensive overview of the prevalence of ART and ART-associated complications in mainland China, and provides insight into attitudes toward ART among the mainland Chinese population.

[Effects of activating and inhibiting Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway on murine model of eutopic endometrium and endometriosis].

OBJECTIVE: To employ the classical Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway interference to explore the effects on the functional changes of eutopic endometrium stromal cells and the differences between endometriosis in a murine model. METHODS: Two out of three mouse groups received an injection of either Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway activator or blocker. Later the endometrial tissue samples were obtained to develop endometrial stromal cell cultures for the detection of cell invasion ability via Boyden chamber invasion assay and Western blot (WB). Then the methods of WB and Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) were used to examine the factors of eutopic endometrium. And an endometriosis model was established to investigate the factors of signaling pathway via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) and IHC. RESULTS: According to WB test, the level of ß-catenin, GSK-3ß and APC in the activation group were significantly higher than in the inhibition group (P < 0.01). In Boyden chamber invasion assay, the number of cells on membranes in the trial group was significantly higher than the control group [(113 ± 12) vs (64 ± 13)]. The expressions of VEGF and MMP-9 in the endometrial stromal cells culture from Boyden chamber assay analyzed via WB were ranked from highest to lowest respectively as activation group (vs control group was 35.6% and 27.4% higher), control group and inhibition group (vs control group was 12.3% and 30.4% lower). Furthermore, the endometrial E-cadherin and VEGF examined via IHC respectively showed a positive expression in inhibitor group and strong positive expression in activation group. QPCR showed the level of Wnt3, Wnt7, GSK3ß, Lef and E-cadherin in the activation group was higher than those in the inhibition group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The intervention of WNT signaling pathway in vivo cause the changes of eutopic endometrial invasion and adhesion function, and further affect the development of endometriosis. Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway may promote the eutopic endometrial cell proliferation and improve the ability of eutopic endometrial implantation, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis.

Prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance from cervical pap smears in Beijing.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with histologic diagnoses of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with ASC-US. METHOD: Sampling investigations were carried out on married women aged 25-54 in 12 districts in Beijing from April 2007 to November 2008. Further examinations and analyses were carried out on women with ASC-US in the cytological screening. RESULTS: Of 6,339 women, 9.6% suffered from cervical abnormalities in cytology; among them, 409 cases were ASC-US. Of the 409 ASC-US, 42.1% showed inflammation; 50.9% had CIN 1, 6.1% had CIN 2, and three cases had CIN 3, one of which was cervical cancer. Four hundred and four cases were subjected to detection for the human papillomaovirus (HPV) and the infection rate was 30.7%. Morbidity in the HPV infected patients that suffered from CIN 2 or higher was significantly higher than that in the uninfected population (chi2 = 26.685, p = 0.000). No statistical significance was found in the correlation between the pathological results of ASC-US and the loading dose of HPV infection (chi2 = 7.754, p = 0.458). CONCLUSION: The morbidity of CIN in women with ASCUS in Beijing is high, and women with ASC-US should be paid great attention, especially women who are infected with high-risk HPV.

[Analysis of high risk factors associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in married women aged 25 - 54 years in Beijing between 2007 - 2008].

OBJECTIVE: to investigate high risk factors associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in married women aged 25 to 54 years in Beijing. METHODS: from Mar. 2007 to Sep. 2008, 6339 married women at age of 25 to 54 years were selected randomly by cross sectional survey in a total of 137 communities of 12 districts or counties in Beijing. The interview was carried out with unified questionnaires, gynecological examination. The cervical smear cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection of cervical secretion were detected. Women with abnormal cervical cytology underwent colposcopy and cervical biopsy. Odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of related high risk factors with CIN were studied by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: among 6339 women, the prevalence rate of CIN including 4 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was 5.90% (374/6339). By multinomial regression analysis, HR-HPV infection (95%CI: 9.953 - 15.811), History of trichomonas vaginitis (95%CI: 1.046 - 2.104), oral contraceptives (95%CI: 1.087 - 1.806), age less than 45 years old (95%CI: 1.069 - 1.828) were related with CIN. CONCLUSION: infection rate of HR-HPV is an independent risk factor of CIN, however, the history of trichomonas vaginitis, oral contraceptives and age less than 45 years old are related risk factors of CIN.