[Role of nasal microbiome in chronic sinusitis].

Chronic sinusitis is a common disease in otolaryngology head and neck surgery, but the pathogenesis is unknown. For a long time, we have used fungi, bacterial biofilms, superantigens, and low host immunity as the cause of chronic sinusitis. With the rapid development of molecular biology technology, especially the advancement of DNA sequencing technology, people's research on human microbiome is deeper. We gradually realize the role of bacterial community in chronic sinusitis. This review will describe the role of bacteria in chronic sinusitis from three aspects: the composition of nasal bacterial community, the relationship between bacterial community and inflammatory phenotype, and the role between bacteria-host interaction.

Analysis of pathogenetic process of fungal rhinosinusitis: Report of two cases.

BACKGROUND: Fungal rhinosinusitis is an infectious and/or allergic disease caused by fungi in the sinus and nasal cavity. Due to the warm and humid climate in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the incidence of fungal rhinosinusitis is higher than that in other provinces. However, its physiological mechanism is not yet clear. Not every patient colonized by fungi develops a fungal infection. To a large extent, the immune status of the patient determines the nature of fungal disease in the nasal passages. The pathologic process of progression from harmless fungal colonization to fungal rhinosinusitis is unclear and has not been reported. CASE SUMMURY: We report two patients, one who developed fungal rhinosinusitis 1.5 years after surgery performed to treat an inverted papilloma, and the other with a history of hypertension and cerebral infarction. Both patients recovered from their surgeries. An average time of 2.5 years elapsed from the development of maxillary sinus cysts to the development of fungal rhinosinusitis. CONCLUSION: According to these case reports, we speculate that the progression of fungal rhinosinusitis from harmless colonization to disease onset requires approximately one to three years and that the length of the process may be related to underlying diseases, surgical treatment, deficient autoimmune status, and abuse of hormone antibiotics and hormones. Additional data are needed to conduct relevant studies to appropriately prevent and treat fungal rhinosinusitis.

[Research progress on the management of no packing after septoplasty].

Packing the nose after septoplasty is common practice. The use of postoperative packing has been proposed to reduce the dead space between the subperichondrial flaps and minimize postoperative complications such as hemorrhage, septal hematoma, and formation of synechiae. Additionally, postoperative packing is thought to stabilize the remaining cartilaginous septum and minimize persistence or recurrence of septal deviation. Despite these theoretic advantages, evidence to support the use of postoperative packing is lacking. Additionally, nasal packing is not an innocuous procedure. The use of nasal packing actually cause these complications such as postop- erative pain, mucosal injury, bleeding, worsening of breathing due to sleep disorders, and postoperative infections. Routine use of anterior nasal packing after septoplasty should be challenged for not presenting proven benefit. As alternatives to traditional packing, septal suturing, septal stapler and fibrin glue have been used recently. The purpose of this article is to summarize the progress of traditional packing to no packing after septoplasty.

[Adult nasal metal foreign bodies: 2 cases report].

To analysis the data of 2 patients who had nasal metal foreign bodies after the pressure cooker explosion, the main clinical symptoms include head facial swelling after trauma, nose bleeding, or vision loss, etc. Specialized examination: facial swelling, the left eye content of one patient has been removed, the other patient's right side of the nasal dorsal skin was missing, which diameter was about 1.5 cm, and nasal cavity was interlinked. We could see that metal foreign bodies blocked the bilateral nasal cavity of the two patients. And emergency CT examination showed that most of the nasal cavity reserved for high-density foreign body. Two patients were diagnosed: (1) metal foreign bodies after nasal trauma; (2) nose bleeding.

[Analysis of clinical efficacy in 37 cases of revision nasal septum surgery with reformed incision].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of revision surgery of nasal septum with reformed incision under nasal endoscope. METHOD: Thirty-seven patients with failed septoplasty were carried out revision surgery of nasal septum with reformed incision. RESULT: Revision surgery of nasal septum with reformed incision was successful in all cases. The symptoms resulting from the nasal septal deviation disappeared or significantly relieved. Following successful revision surgery, the treatment outcomes of concomitant nasal and/or sinusal diseases also significantly improved. CONCLUSION: The adhesive fibrous tissue in septal mucosa were successively separated in patients with revision surgery of nasal septum with reformed incision under nasal endoscope. Revision surgery of nasal septum with reformed incision was easily and safely, and with fewer complications.

[The effect of intranasal steroid on nasal mucosa in rat model of allergic rhinitis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of intranasal steroid on nasal mucosa in rat model of allergic rhinitis (AR). METHOD: Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (each included 12 rats): the intranasal steroid group(group A),the allergic rhinitis group(group B) and the normal control group(group C). AR model was reproduced by ovalbumin in group A and B. The control group was allergized by NS instead of ovalbumin. Group A was used steroid spray in nasal and Group B and C was used normal saline. Then ,after the last provocation,the allergic symptoms were evaluated,the number of eosinophil (EOS) of the rats' nasal mucosa was counted under hematoxylineosin staining and the goblet cells was counted under alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff staining. The morphological changes of the rats' nasal mucosa were observed by scanning electron microscope. RESULT: Compared with group B,the inhibition of nasal symptoms was found after used of steroid spray in group A. The EOS and the goblet cells in group A was significantly different with that in Group B (P < 0.05), but no significant differences compared with group C (P > 0.05). Observed by scanning electron microscope, the cilia of the epithelium in group B were significantly lodging, disoriented, winding and secreting,while the cilia of the epithelium in Group A and C had similar appearance. CONCLUSION: Intranasal steroid spray can relieve symptoms and inflammatory conditions of nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis, and can repair injured nasal mucosa cilia.

Plasmonic rainbow rings induced by white radial polarization.

This Letter presents a scheme to embed both angular/spectral surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in a unique far-field rainbow feature by tightly focusing (effective NA=1.45) a polychromatic radially polarized beam on an Au (20 nm)/SiO2 (500 nm)/Au (20 nm) sandwich structure. Without the need for angular or spectral scanning, the virtual spectral probe snapshots a wide operation range (n=1-1.42; λ=400-700 nm) of SPR excitation in a locally nanosized region. Combined with the high-speed spectral analysis, a proof-of-concept scenario was given by monitoring the NaCl liquid concentration change in real time. The proposed scheme will certainly has a promising impact on the development of objective-based SPR sensor and biometric studies due to its rapidity and versatility.

[The value of grommet insertion for middle ear effusion in the patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of grommet insertion for middle ear effusion in the patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy. METHOD: Thirty-two recrudescent cases(51 ears) with middle ear effusion after myringotomies were treated by grommet insertion again,and then,the eustachian tube function,hearing and the other symptoms were observed, the effect were evaluated. RESULT: 15.7%(8/51) ears were cured,the total efficiency rate is 96.1%(49/51). The eustachian tube function had been straightened up in 13.7%(7/51)ears,the other symptoms were improved in different degrees for the cars of setting grommet, 25.5% ears occurred otorrhea, 9.8% ears occurred perforation. CONCLUSION: Grommet insertion is a favorable way for the eustachian tube function straightened up. For the ears that the eustachian tube function damaged seriously, repeated grommet insertion is a good measure for keeping the ear function. In a word, the benefit is more than the loss after grommet insertion.

[Clinical application of incomplete tympanectomy for secretory otitis media in nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Efficacy of previous treatments on secretory otitis media ears with severely damaged eustachian tube function after radiotherapy is limited. Tympan perforation can avoid relapse of secretory otitis media. This study was to explore clinical value of incomplete tympanectomy for secretory otitis media in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after radiotherapy. METHODS: After confirmed severely damaged eustachian tube function through comprehensive examinations, 16 NPC patients (18 ears) with secretory otitis media after radiotherapy received incomplete tympanectomy. All patients were followed up for more than 6 months. RESULTS: After operation, 11 of 18 (61%) ears remained tympan perforation, audition was improved at large in these ears, the average air-bone conduction difference decreased from 30.1 dB to 16.0 dB, other symptoms, such as aural fullness, tinnitus, and headache, basically disappeared. After operation, tympans closed up in 7 (39%) ears,the average air-bone conduction difference decreased from 33.0 dB to 32.1 dB. CONCLUSION: Incomplete tympanectomy may have a long and definite effect on secretory otitis media without any injury on audition after healing of tympan.

[Application of floating tube in dilation of eustachian tube under nasal endoscopy to treat post-irradiation secretory otitis media].

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the function of eustachian tube in post-irradiation secretory otitis media and investigate the curative effect of dilating eustachian tube with Swan-Gans thermodilution catheter for treating post-irradiation secretory otitis media in NPC patients. METHOD: Twenty-one (37 ears) post-irradiation secretory otitis media patients with NPC were selected in this study, by using eustachian tube function synthetic inspection facility (JK-04A model), the eustachian tube function was examined, and the obstructive eustachian tube was dilated with Swan-Gans thermodilution catheter under nasal endoscopy. RESULT: The eustachian tube function in 37 ears with post-irradiation secretory otitis media reveals normal, obstructive, insufficiency and opening model was 2, 21, 8, and 6 respectively. The total curative effect of dilating eustachian tube with Swan-Gans thermodilution catheter to treat post-irradiation secretory otitis was 43.2% (16/37). CONCLUSION: The eustachian tube function in post-irradiation secretory otitis media mainly reveals obstructive disturbance. The application of Swan-Gans thermodilution catheter in dilation of obstructive eustachian tube under nasal endoscopy will increase the curability of post-irradiation secretory otitis media.

[The damaged types of eustachian tube function in the patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy].

OBJECTIVE: To study the types and the influences of eustachian tube function disorder in the patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) after radiotherapy. METHOD: Thirty-two patients of NPC (50 ears) that the eustachian tube function were damaged after radiotherapy were examined by general examination, audiometer test, tympanometry, Tubo-tymanoaerodynamic grapy (TTAG), sonotubometry and endoscope. RESULT: Two cases (4 ears) showed abnormal patency of eustachian tube, the patients' symptoms were lightly. The eustachian tube adhesion were found in five patients(7 ears), and 17 patients(27 ears) showed eustachian tube complete obstruction, eight patients (12 ears) showed eustachian tube uncompleted obstruction, they had the similitude symptoms. CONCLUSION: The damaged types of eustachian tube function in patients of NPC after radiotherapy are different, it will harm the ear function. Finding it out will help to choose the treating measures.