ABSTRACT
The continuous discharge of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) into aquatic environment and their potential threaten to ecological environment or human health has received more and more attention all over the world. Algae are primary producers in aquatic environment and play an important role in ecosystem balance and stabilization. In this review, the concentrations of PPCPs in natural waters from different countries and regions are introduced to demonstrate their characteristics of pollution in aquatic environment. Furthermore, we reviewed some progresses on the toxicity, bioaccumulation and ecological risk of PPCPs. We introduced the toxicity effect and mechanism of PPCPs to algae, the bioaccumulation of PPCPs in algae, as well as the ecological risks of PPCPs in surface water. The review will provide references for development of PPCPs related criteria and assessment of ecological risks in aquatic environment.
Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Cosmetics/analysis , Cosmetics/toxicity , Ecosystem , Environmental Pollution , Fresh Water , Humans , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicityABSTRACT
TiAl3 and TiN composite nanoparticles were continuously synthesized from Ti-48Al master alloy by hydrogen plasma-metal reaction in a N2, H2 and Ar atmosphere. The phase, morphology, and size of the nanoparticles were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and evolved gas analysis (EGA) were used to analyze the surface phase constitution and oxygen content of the nanoparticles. The as-synthesized nanopowders were mainly composed of nearly spherical TiAl3 and tetragonal TiN phases, with a mean diameter of ~42 nm and mass fractions of 49.1% and 24.3%, respectively. Passivation in the atmosphere of Ar and O2 for 24 h at room temperature led to the formation of amorphous Al2O3 shells on the TiAl3 particle surface, with a mean thickness of ~5.0 nm and a mass fraction of ~23.5%, as well as TiO2 with a mass fraction of ~3.2%.
ABSTRACT
In this study, a method for determination of cholesterol and four phytosterols by gas chromatography coupled with electron impact ionization mode-tandem mass spectrometry without derivatization in general food was developed. The sample was saponified with 7.5% KOH in methanol. After heating on hot plate and reflux for 60 minutes, the saponified portion was extracted with n-hexane/petroleum ether (50:50, v/v). The extracts were evaporated with rotary evaporator and then redissolved with tetrahydrofuran. The tetrahydrofuran layer was transferred into an injection vial and analyzed by gas chromatography on a 30 m VF-5 column. Limit of quantification was 2 mg/kg. Recoveries of cholesterol and four phytosterols from general food were between 91% and 100%.
ABSTRACT
A simple but highly selective colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensor for fluoride ion has been prepared based on coumarin chromophore and 1H-tetrazole. Tetrazole functional group provided a novel sensing functional group containing the ESIPT structure for designing fluoride chemosensor.
Subject(s)
Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Fluorides/analysis , Tetrazoles/chemistry , Anions/analysis , Colorimetry/methods , Protons , Sensitivity and Specificity , Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methodsABSTRACT
We report three new water-soluble dihydrofluorescein-ether probes FCN1, FCN2 and FCN3 for the detection of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which were designed on the basis of a specific HOCl-promoted oxidation reaction. This work also provided a useful method to monitor the accumulated HOCl in specific organelles using a zebrafish model.
Subject(s)
Ether/chemistry , Fluoresceins/chemistry , Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Hypochlorous Acid/analysis , Animals , Brain Chemistry , Hypochlorous Acid/chemistry , Intestines/chemistry , Mice , NIH 3T3 Cells , Oxidation-Reduction , Solubility , Water/chemistry , Zebrafish/embryologyABSTRACT
The coumarin-based probe Cu(II)-COT1 was successfully developed for the detection of HNO on the basis of the reduction reaction. In addition, highly selective "turn on" type fluorogenic behavior upon the addition of Angeli's salt (Na(2)N(2)O(3)) was also applied to bioimaging in A375 cells.
Subject(s)
Copper/chemistry , Coumarins/chemistry , Fluorescent Dyes/chemical synthesis , Nitrogen Oxides/chemistry , Organometallic Compounds/chemical synthesis , Cell Line, Tumor , Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Humans , Nitrites/chemistry , Organometallic Compounds/chemistryABSTRACT
A rhodamine-based sensor RB-S2 was designed and synthesized by combination of the thiospirolacton chromophore and the thiophen ring block with high affinity to Hg(2+). Probe RB-S2 exhibits high selectivity and excellent sensitivity in both absorbance and fluorescence detection of Hg(2+) in aqueous solution. In addition, fluorescent imaging of Hg(2+) in MCF-7 cells is also successfully demonstrated.
