Controlling nonlinear collapse of ellipticity and orientation of a co-variant vector optical field.

A vector optical field with inhomogeneous spatial polarization distribution offers what we believe to be a new paradigm to form controllable filaments. However, it is challenging to steer multiple performances (e.g. number, orientation, and interval) of filaments in transparent nonlinear media at one time. Herein, we theoretically self-design and generate a kind of believed to be novel ellipticity and orientation co-variant vector optical field to interact with Kerr medium to solve this issue. The collapsing behaviors of such a new hybrid vector optical field reveal that, by judiciously adjusting the inherent topological charge and initial phase of incident optical field, we are able to give access to stable collapsing filamentation with tunable numbers, orientations and interval. Additionally, the collapsing patterns presented are immune nearly to the extra random noise. The relevant mechanism behind the collapse of the vector optical field is elucidated as well. The findings in this work may have huge potential in optical signal processing, laser machining, and other related applications.

[Research Progress of Non-coding RNA and Endometrial Receptivity].

Endometrial receptivity has become the main cause of in vitro fertilization and pregnancy outcomes in infertile patients,bringing large psychological damage and economic loss to the patients and their family. In recent years,the role of non-coding RNA has increasingly been recognized. The relationship between non-coding RNA and endometrial receptivity is reviewed in this article.

Phenotypic characterization of macrophages in the BMB sample of human acute leukemia.

Macrophages within tissues display a strong plastic ability in respond to environmental cues in both physiologic influences and disease. However, the macrophage phenotype and its distribution in the bone marrow biopsies (BMB) samples of human acute leukemia (AL) remain poorly understood. In this study, 97 BMB samples of patients with acute leukemia and 30 iron-deficiency anemias (IDA) as control group were evaluated with immunohistochemistry. In comparison with controls, the counts of CD68+, CD163+, and CD206+macrophages were remarkably increased in BMB samples of acute leukemia (P < 0.01), as well as their infiltration density was roaring up-regulation (P < 0.01). The expression levels of CD68+, CD163+, and CD206+macrophages were decreased in patients with complete remission, but there still existed statistically significant contrast to the control group (P < 0.01). The ratios of the CD163-positive cells or CD206-positive cells to CD68-positive cells were most prevalent in the BMB samples of human acute leukemia compared with the control group (P < 0.01), which support that macrophages were polarized to M2 macrophages.

Assessment of the Number and Phenotype of Macrophages in the Human BMB Samples of CML.

Macrophages have emerged as a key player in tumor biology. However, their number and phenotype in human bone marrow of biopsy (BMB) samples of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and their association with disease progression from an initial chronic phase (CP) to accelerated phase (AP) to advanced blast phase (BP) are still unclear. BMB samples from 127 CML patients and 30 patients with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) as control group were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of CD68, CD163, and CD206 in BMB samples of CML patients were significantly higher than those in the patients of control group (P < 0.01), and we observed that their positive expression was gradually elevated during the transformation of CML-CP to AP to BP (P < 0.01). However, the expressions of CD68, CD163, and CD206 in released group were downregulated and contrasted to these in control group; there exists statistical significance (P < 0.01). The percentage ratio of CD163 and CD206 to CD68 was pronounced to be increasing from CML-CP to AP to BP (P < 0.01). Hence, the higher proportion of CD68+, CD163+ and CD206+ macrophages in BMB samples can be considered a key factor for disease progression of CML patients. Targeting macrophages, especially the M2 phenotype may help in designing therapeutic strategies for CML.

[Synergistic effects of water temperature and salinity on the growth and liver antioxidant enzyme activities of juvenile GIFT Oreochromis niloticus].

By adopting two-factor central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM), this paper studied the synergistic effects of water temperature (16-37 degrees C) and salinity (0-18) on the specific growth rate (SGR) and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of juvenile GIFT Oreochromis niloticus. Water temperature and salinity had significant linear and quadratic effects on the SGR (P < 0.05), respectively. With increasing water temperature or salinity, the SGR decreased after an initial increase. There existed significant synergistic effects between water temperature and salinity (P < 0.05). The SGR was higher at 16-20 degrees C and salinity 9-10, at 27-32 degrees C and salinity 3-5, and at 35-37 degrees C and in freshwater. The SOD and CAT activities were higher at 28-30 degrees C and salinity 6-8. The linear of temperature and quadratic of salinity had significant effects on the two enzymes (P < 0.05), and there was a significant synergistic effect on CAT activity. High temperature and high salinity were not favorable to the expression of SOD and CAT activities. The coefficients of determination of quadratic regression equations for SGR, SOD and CAT activities reached to 0. 954, 0. 831, and 0. 942 (P < 0. 05), respectively, and could be used for prediction. The growth and antioxidant enzyme activities were more affected by water temperature than by water salinity. In the culture practice of 0. niloticus, it would be necessary to optimize culture environment and reduce oxidative stress to promote the growth and disease-resistance of the tilapia.

[Effects of water temperature, salinity and pH on sex differentiation of Oreochromis niloticus].

By using Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology, this paper studied the effects of three major environmental factors, i. e., water temperature (20-36 degrees C), salinity (0-16), and pH (5.5-8.5), on the sex differentiation of GIFT strain Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). It was observed that water temperature had highly significant linear and quadratic effects on the sex differentiation, water salinity and pH had non-significant linear and quadratic effects, and the two-factor interactions of the three factors were not significant. The analysis with response surface methodology showed that the male rate of the GIFT tilapia increased with increasing water temperature, and at water temperature 36 degrees C, salinity 8, and pH 8.5, the male rate reached the maximum (80%). A model equation about the relationships of the male rate with the three major environmental factors was established, and after eliminating the related non-significant factors, an optimal model equation about the relationship between the male rate and water temperature was attained, which could predict the variation of the GIFT tilapia male rate.

[Effects of acid and alkaline stress on energy metabolism of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles with different body mass].

A 6 x 3 factorial laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effects of acid and alkaline stress (pH 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, and 10.0) on the oxygen consumption rate (OR), ammonia excretion rate (NR), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Na+ -K+ adenosine triphosphatase (Na+ -K+ ATPase) activities of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles with body mass 1.02, 5.13, and 10.31 g. With increasing pH, the juveniles OR and NR increased first, peaked at pH 7.0-8.0, and decreased then. The OR and NR increased with increasing body mass, and their relationships fitted power equations. The linear effects of pH and body mass and the quadratic effect of pH on the OR and NR were highly significant (P < 0.01), but the pH and body mass had less synergistic effect on the OR and NR (P > 0.05). Regressive equations of pH and body mass with the OR and NR were established, the R2 being 0.942 and 0.936, respectively (P < 0.01). Body mass had significant effects on the O:N ratio (P < 0.01), whereas acid and alkaline stress could alter the energy source utilization patterns of the juveniles. High pH was not favorable to the LDH activity, but favorable to the Na+ -K+ ATPase activity. The pH had linear and quadratic effects on the LDH and Na+ -K+ ATPase activities (P < 0.01), body mass had no significant effect on the Na+ -K+ ATPase activity, and the pH and body mass had no synergistic effect on the two enzyme activities (P > 0.05).