[Fire resistance of 15 main economic tree species in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan, China.] / 凉山州15ç§ä¸»è¦ç»æµŽæ ‘ç§çš„é˜²ç«æ€§èƒ½.

Liangshan Prefecture is one of the three major forest areas in Sichuan Province and one of the three major disaster areas of forest fire. We measured the physicochemical properties and combustion performances of different organs (leaves and branches) of 15 main economic tree species in Liangshan, and analyzed the bioecology characteristics, silviculture characteristics and value characteristics of different tree species. We investigated the fire resistance of different tree species to screen out fire-resistant species suitable for economic forest development in Liangshan Prefecture, and improve the biological fire prevention ability. The seven physicochemical properties and combustion performances indices of 15 tree species showed significant differences. Except for crude ash and lignin, the weights of moisture content, caloric value, ignition point, crude fat, and crude fibre of leaves were higher than those of branches. Crude fibre index of leaves (9.6%) and the crude ash index of branches (9.9%) were the highest weight indices of the two organs, respectively. Based on the fire resistance, we divided all the species into three classes, i.e., class Ⅰ (excellent fire-resistance trees) Juglans regia and Morus alba; class Ⅱ (better fire-resistant trees) Sapium sebiferum, Mangifera indica, Phyllanthus emblica, Eriobotrya japonica, Ligustrum lucidum, Castanea mollissima, and Punica granatum; class Ⅲ (poor fire-resistant trees) Pinus armandii, Illicium simonsii, Morella rubra, Sapindus mukorossi, Olea europaea and Camellia oleifera. J. regia and M. alba had fireproof solid performance and could be used as the preferred species for fireproof economic forest in Liangshan region. It was suggested that to use class Ⅰ to Ⅱ fire-resistant tree species built the main fireproof isolated forest belt, and pay attention to fire prevention after planting class Ⅲ tree species in a large area.

Rational design of cuprofullerene bipyridine nanozyme with high peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric sensing of bleomycin.

The high catalytic activity of Cu-based nanozymes mainly depends on the efficient Fenton-like reaction of Cu+/ H2O2, but Cu+ cannot exist stably. Trying to find a material that can stably support Cu+ while promoting the electron cycle of Cu2+/Cu+ still faces serious challenges. C60 is expected to be an ideal candidate to solve this problem due to its unique structure and rich physicochemical properties. Here, we designed and synthesized a C60-doped Cu+-based nanozyme (termed as C60-Cu-Bpy) by loading high catalytic active site Cu+ onto C60 and coordinating with 2,2'-bipyridine (Bpy). The single crystal diffraction analysis and a series of auxiliary characterization technologies were used to demonstrate the successful preparation of C60-Cu-Bpy. Significantly, the C60-Cu-Bpy exhibited superior peroxidase-like activity during the catalytic oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Then, the catalytic mechanism of C60-Cu-Bpy as peroxidase was elucidated in detail, mainly benefiting from the dual function of C60. On the one hand, C60 acted as a carrier to directly support Cu+, which has the ability to efficiently decompose H2O2 to produce reactive oxygen species. The other was that C60 acted as an electron buffer, contributing to promoting the Cu2+/Cu+ cycle to facilitate the reaction. Furthermore, a colorimetric sensor for the quantitative analysis of bleomycin was established based on the principle of bleomycin specific inhibition of C60-Cu-Bpy peroxidase-like activity, with satisfactory results in practical samples. This study provides a new strategy for the direct synthesis of Cu+-based nanozymes with high catalytic performance.

Beyond Planar Structure: Curved π-Conjugated Molecules for High-Performing and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite solar cell (PSC) shows a great potential to become the next-generation photovoltaic technology, which has stimulated researchers to engineer materials and to innovate device architectures for promoting device performance and stability. As the power conversion efficiency (PCE) keeps advancing, the importance of exploring multifunctional materials for the PSCs has been increasingly recognized. Considerable attention has been directed to the design and synthesis of novel organic π-conjugated molecules, particularly the emerging curved ones, which can perform various unmatched functions for PSCs. In this review, the characteristics of three representative such curved π-conjugated molecules (fullerene, corannulene and helicene) and the recent progress concerning the application of these molecules in state-of-the-art PSCs are summarized and discussed holistically. With this discussion, we hope to provide a fresh perspective on the structure-property relation of these unique materials toward high-performance and high-stability PSCs.

Photocatalytic Unsymmetrical Diamination of Styrenes, Indoles, and Benzofurans Facilitated by Benzotriazolyl and Iminyl Radicals.

Utilizing energy transfer catalysis, this research employed the bifunctional reagents benzotriazole carboxylic acid oxime esters to simultaneously generate benzotriazole and imine radicals. The synthesis of two distinct C-N bonds in a single conversion is showcased through radical addition and radical-radical cross-coupling processes between benzotriazole carboxylic acid oxime ester and olefins. This process facilitates the intermolecular two-component unsymmetrical diamination reaction of olefins. Using this approach, more than 40 benzotriazole-containing molecules were successfully synthesized using styrene, indole, and benzofuran as acceptors, with yields ranging from moderate to excellent.

A Retrospective Study of Anlotinib Combined with Anti-PD-1 Inhibitors in the 2nd or Later-Line Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with anti-PD-1 inhibitors in the 2nd or later-line treatment of advanced solid tumors. Patients and Methods: A total of 63 patients with advanced solid tumors who had failed or could not endure the adverse reactions after receiving first-line or more systematic treatment in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from March 2019 to April 2023 were treated with anlotinib Hydrochloride capsule combined with anti-PD-1 inhibitors. The efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated according to RECIST1.1 and NCICTC4.0 standards. Results: The percentage of overall response rate of 63 patients during the combination administration indicated that complete response was 1.6% (n=1), partial response was 23.8% (n=15), stable disease was 39.7% (n=25) and progressive disease was 34.9% (n=22), yielding objective response rate (ORR) of 25.4% and disease control rate (DCR) of 65.1%. Furthermore, the median PFS of 63 patients with advanced solid tumors was 7 months and the median OS was not reached, and the median follow-up time is 4.5 months. In subgroup analysis, there was no significant difference in PFS between first-line, second-line, third-line and above (p=0.631); there was no significant difference in PFS between PD-1 positive patients and PD-1 negative patients (p=0.094); there was no significant difference in PFS between patients who had previously used anti-PD-1 inhibitors and patients who had not used before (p=0.204). The most common adverse reactions were hypertension, hand-foot syndrome, and fatigue, with an incidence of 28.4% (18/63), 25.6% (14/63), and 25.6% (14/63), respectively. Most of the adverse reactions were grade 1-2, and there were no grade 4 adverse reactions. Conclusion: Anlotinib combined with anti-PD-1 inhibitors demonstrated promising efficacy and tolerable safety for patients with advanced solid tumors in the 2nd or later-line treatment.

Electrochemical Promoted Three-Component Trifluoromethylation/Spirocyclization Reaction of N-Arylsulfonylacrylamides to 4-Azaspiro[4.5]decanes.

An electrochemical facilitated three-component trifluoromethylation/spirocyclization reaction of N-(arylsulfonyl)acrylamides, CF3SO2Na, and H2O has been developed. Without the requirement of chemical oxidants, a number of unexplored trifluoromethylated 4-azaspiro[4.5]decanes were obtained in satisfactory yields under mild conditions. This work provides a new synthetic strategy for fluorine-containing spirocyclic compounds and shows a new perspective for the reactivity study of N-(arylsulfonyl)acrylamides.

Photocatalytic Multicomponent 1,n-Carboimination with Alkyl Iodides and O-Benzoyl Oxime through EnT and XAT Processes.

In this study, we developed a strategy using commercially available alkyl iodides and O-benzoyl oxime to efficiently introduce alkyl and iminyl groups via energy transfer and halogen-atom transfer processes. We performed three-component 1,2-carboimination of olefins and four-component 1,4-carboimination across olefins and alkynes, resulting in the synthesis of over 60 nitrogen-containing molecules. Moreover, this transformation enables the synthesis of molecules with sensitive groups that were previously difficult to achieve.

Bowl-Assisted Ball Assembly for Solvent-Processing the C60 Electron Transport Layer of High-Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cell.

Pristine fullerene C60 is an excellent electron transport material for state-of-the-art inverted structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but its low solubility leaves thermal evaporation as the only method for depositing it into a high-quality electron transport layer (ETL). To address this problem, we herein introduce a highly soluble bowl-shaped additive, corannulene, to assist in C60 -assembly into a smooth and compact film through the favorable bowl-ball interaction. Our results show that not only corannulene can dramatically enhance the film formability of C60 , it also plays a critical role in forming C60 -corannulene (CC) supramolecular species and in boosting intermolecular electron transport dynamics in the ETL. This strategy has allowed CC devices to deliver high power conversion efficiencies up to 21.69 %, which is the highest value among the PSCs based on the solution-processed-C60 (SP-C60 ) ETL. Moreover, the stability of the CC device is far superior to that of the C60 -only device because corannulene can retard and curb the spontaneous aggregation of C60 . This work establishes the bowl-assisted ball assembly strategy for developing low-cost and efficient SP-C60 ETLs with high promise for fully-SP PSCs.

Photocatalytic 1,2-Iminosulfonylation and Remote 1,6-Iminosulfonylation of Olefins.

A new class of iminosulfonylation reagents were developed and extensively used in the 1,2-iminosulfonylation of various olefins. Olefins containing bioactive molecules, such as indomethacin, gemfibrozil, clofibrate, and fenbufen, afforded the desired iminosulfonylation products in synthetically useful yields. Furthermore, the first remote 1,6-iminosulfonylation of alkenes was realized by using oxime ester bifunctionalization reagents. Overall, more than 40 structurally diverse ß-imine sulfones were obtained in moderate to excellent yields.

Comparative Analysis of Aristolochic Acids in Aristolochia Medicinal Herbs and Evaluation of Their Toxicities.

Aristolochic acids (AAs) are a group of nitrophenanthrene carboxylic acids present in many medicinal herbs of the Aristolochia genus that may cause irreversible hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. However, the specific profile of AAs and their toxicity in Aristolochia plants, except for AAs Ι and ΙΙ, still remain unclear. In this study, a total of 52 batches of three medicinal herbs belonging to the Aristolochia family were analyzed for their AA composition profiles and AA contents using the UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS approach. The studied herbs were A. mollissima Hance (AMH), A. debilis Sieb.etZucc (ADS), and A. cinnabaria C.Y.Cheng (ACY). Chemometrics methods, including PCA and OPLS-DA, were used for the evaluation of the Aristolochia medicinal herbs. Additionally, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the selected AAs and the extracts of AMH and ADS were evaluated in a HepG2 cell line using the MTT method and a Comet assay, respectively. A total of 44 AAs, including 23 aristolochic acids and 21 aristolactams (ALs), were detected in A. mollissima. Moreover, 41 AAs (23 AAs and 18 ALs) were identified from A. debilis Sieb, and 45 AAs (29 AAs and 16 ALs) were identified in A. cinnabaria. Chemometrics results showed that 16, 19, and 22 AAs identified in AMH, ADS, and ACY, respectively, had statistical significance for distinguishing the three medicinal herbs of different origins. In the cytotoxicity assay, compounds AL-BΙΙ, AAΙ and the extract of AMH exhibited significant cytotoxicities against the HepG2 cell line with the IC50 values of 0.2, 9.7 and 50.2 µM, respectively. The results of the Comet assay showed that AAΙ caused relatively higher damage to cellular DNA (TDNA 40-95%) at 50 µM, while AAΙΙ, AMH and ADS extracts (ranged from 10 to 131 µM) caused relatively lower damage to cellular DNA (TDNA 5-20%).

[Analysis of Relapse after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Hematological Malignancies: A Single-center Study].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the survival, prognostic factors, and prevention of relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with hematological malignancies, and explore the relationship between immune reconstruction, loss of human leukocyte antigen (HLA-loss) and relapse after transplantation. METHODS: From July 2012 to June 2020, 47 patients with hematological malignancies who relapsed after allo-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed, including 20 cases undergoing matched-sibling donor transplantation (MSD), 26 cases undergoing haploidentical transplantation (HID), and 1 case undergoing matched-unrelated donor transplantation (MUD). Multivariate analysis was used to analyze the risk factors related to post-relapse overall survival (PROS). RESULTS: All the 47 patients were implanted successfully. The cumulative incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ, Ⅲ/Ⅳ acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 40.4%, 10.6%, and 31.9%, respectively. The incidence of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ and Ⅲ/Ⅳ aGVHD in HID group was 42.3% and 11.5%, while in MD group was 38.1% and 9.5% (P=0.579, P=1.000), and the incidence of cGVHD in the two groups was 34.6% and 28.6% (P=0.659). The PROS of patients with NK cell absolute count > 190 cells/µl 30 days after transplantation was higher than that of patients with NK cell absolute count ≤190 cells/µl (P=0.021). The 1-year and 3-year PROS of all the patients was 68.1% and 28.4%, respectively, while in the HID group was 78.9% and 40.3%, in the MD group was 54.4% and 14% (P=0.048). Multivariate analysis showed that grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD and time of relapse < 3 months were independent risk factors of PROS (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effect of haploidentical transplantation in patients with relapsed hematological malignancies after allo-HSCT is better than that of matched donor transplantation. The high absolute count of NK cells 30 days after transplantation can increase PROS. Grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD and time of relapse < 3 months have prognostic significance for long-term survival of patients with relapsed hematological malignancies after transplantation.

[Spatial characteristics and source apportionment of urban environmental black carbon concentrations based on mobile monitoring]. / 基于移动监测的城市环境大气黑碳浓度空间特征及来源解析.

Black carbon (BC) is an important component of airborne fine particulate matter, with significant impacts on global climate change and human health. Taking Minhang District of Shanghai as the study area, a microaethalometer (MA200) and GPS were installed on the electric taxi to form a mobile observation platform to identify the spatial distribution and hot spots of atmospheric BC in urban environment. We analyzed the sources and influencing factors of BC. The results showed that the overall characteristics of the spatial distribution pattern of near surface atmospheric BC in Minhang District of Shanghai were high in the north and low in the south. The average BC concentration was (4.11±4.87) µg·m-3. The average concentrations of BC in working days and non-working days were (4.22±1.49) and (3.52±2.26) µg·m-3. The variability of BC concentration in the high value area was large, indicating that the increases of BC concentration in mobile observation were related to traffic accidents in the road section. In addition to human activities, large-scale dense vegetation might inhibit BC diffusion. The Absorption ngström Exponent (AAE) was (0.82±0.54), which was closer to that of fossil fuel combustion. The contributions of fossil fuel emissions, biomass combustion, and mixed sources to BC sources were 67.5%, 4.9% and 27.6%, respectively.

The complete chloroplast genome of the genus Azadirachta.

Azadirachta consists of 2 species and 1 variety indigenous to the tropical areas of the Indo-Malayan region. They are evergreen trees for multi-purpose utilization featured by containing azadirachtin. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Azadirachta indica, A. indica var. siamensis and Azadirachta excelsa were reported in this study, which was 160,876 bp, 160,477 bp, and 160,361 bp in length respectively. The whole cp genomes encode 131 genes (37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 86 protein-coding genes) in both A. indica and A. excelsa, while A. indica var. siamensis do not have the rrn4.5S gene in the inverted repeat regions. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that A. indica var. siamensis and A. exselsa were closely related and A. indica was separated from these two species, which suggested that A. siamensis could be a species rather than a variety.

Tailoring Functional Terminals on Solution-Processable Fullerene Electron Transporting Materials for High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells.

Widely known as an excellent electron transporting material (ETM), pristine fullerene C60 plays a critical role in improving the photovoltaic performance of inverted structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the imperfect perovskite/C60 interface significantly limits the promotion of device performance and stability due to the weak coordination interactions between bare carbon cages and perovskite. Here, we designed and synthesized three functionalized fulleropyrrolidine ETMs (abbreviated as CEP, CEPE, and CECB), each of which was modified with the same primary terminal (cyanoethyl) and various secondary terminals (phenyl, phenethyl, and chlorobutyl). The resulting CECB-based PSC has a power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 19% and exceptional photo-stability over 1800 h. This work provides significant insight into the targeted terminal design of novel fullerene ETMs for efficient and stable PSCs.

Advanced thymic lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma with bone marrow metastases treated by immunotherapy combined with antiangiogenesis therapy: a case report.

Thymic lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare primary malignant neoplasm originating from the thymus. Thymic LELC diagnosis is often terminal when diagnosed, some patients have lost the opportunity for surgery. Platinum- and anthracycline-based systemic chemotherapy are the first-line treatment plan; however, there is no clear consensus on therapy when first-line treatment fails because of the lack of cases of advanced thymic LELC. Here was a rare case of advanced thymic LELC with bone marrow metastasis at relapse, which is reported in a patient who responded well to toripalimab combined with anlotinib therapy. The treatment showed tolerable toxicity with good antitumor activity in the patient. As far as we know, this is the first case that the combination of toripalimab with anlotinib is effective in controlling advanced thymic LELC with bone marrow metastasis. The case reports represent an essential means by which an effective therapy for advanced thymic LELC may not be practical given the low frequency of a thymic LELC with multiple metastases.

Biomass-derived O, N-codoped hierarchically porous carbon prepared by black fungus and Hericium erinaceus for high performance supercapacitor.

Biomass-derived carbon materials have been widely researched due to their advantages such as low cost, environmental friendliness, readily available raw materials. Black fungus and Hericium erinaceus contain many kinds of amino acids. In this paper, unique O, N-codoped black fungus-derived activated carbons (FAC X ), and Hericium erinaceus-derived activated carbons (HAC X ) were prepared by KOH chemical activation under different temperatures without adding additional reagents containing nitrogen and oxygen functional groups, respectively. As electrode materials of symmetric supercapacitors, FAC2 and HAC2 calcined at 800 °C exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 209.3 F g-1 and 238.6 F g-1 at 1.0 A g-1 in the two-electrode configuration with 6.0 M KOH as the electrolyte, respectively. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the as-synthesized FAC X and HAC X contained small amounts of nitrogen and oxygen elements. Moreover, heteroatom-doped FAC2 and HAC2 electrode materials shown excellent rate performance (84.1% and 75.0% capacitance retention at 20 A g-1, respectively). By comparison, the oxygen-rich hierarchical porous carbon (HAC2) shows higher specific capacitance and energy density and longer cycling performance. Nevertheless, carbon-rich hierarchical porous carbon (FAC2) indicates excellent rate performance. Biomass-derived heteroatom self-doped porous carbons are expected to become ideal active materials for high performance supercapacitor.

α-Galactosylceramide and its analog OCH differentially affect the pathogenesis of ISO-induced cardiac injury in mice.

Immunotherapies for cancers may cause severe and life-threatening cardiotoxicities. The underlying mechanisms are complex and largely elusive. Currently, there are several ongoing clinical trials based on the use of activated invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. The potential cardiotoxicity commonly associated with this particular immunotherapy has yet been carefully evaluated. The present study aims to determine the effect of activated iNKT cells on normal and ß-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol, ISO)-stimulated hearts. Mice were treated with iNKT stimulants, α-galactosylceramide (αGC) or its analog OCH, respectively, to determine their effect on ISO-induced cardiac injury. We showed that administration of αGC (activating both T helper type 1 (Th1)- and T helper type 2 (Th2)-liked iNKT cells) significantly accelerated the progressive cardiac injury, leading to enhanced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis with prominent increases in collagen deposition and TGF-ß1, IL-6, and alpha smooth muscle actin expression. In contrast to αGC, OCH (mainly activating Th2-liked iNKT cells) significantly attenuated the progression of cardiac injury and cardiac inflammation induced by repeated infusion of ISO. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that αGC promoted inflammatory macrophage infiltration in the heart, while OCH was able to restrain the infiltration. In vitro coculture of αGC- or OCH-pretreated primary peritoneal macrophages with primary cardiac fibroblasts confirmed the profibrotic effect of αGC and the antifibrotic effect of OCH. Our results demonstrate that activating both Th1- and Th2-liked iNKT cells is cardiotoxic, while activating Th2-liked iNKT cells is likely cardiac protective, which has implied key differences among subpopulations of iNKT cells in their response to cardiac pathological stimulation.

Mixed Fullerene Electron Transport Layers with Fluorocarbon Chains Assembling on the Surface: A Moisture-Resistant Coverage for Perovskite Solar Cells.

In p-i-n structure perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the most prevalent electron transport layer (ETL), [6, 6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM), acts as both electron extractor and protective coverage to the underlayer perovskite. Notably, multifunctional mixed fullerene ETLs show great potential in further improving both the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of PSCs compared to the single PC61BM ETL. In this work, we reported the mixed fullerene ETLs comprising of PC61BM and its two analogs with different length of fluorocarbon chains, [6, 6]-phenyl-C61-buryric acid 1H,1H-trifluoro-1-ethyl ester (abbreviated, CF3-PC61BM) and [6, 6]-phenyl-C61-buryric acid 1H, 1H-tridecafluoro-1-heptyl ester (abbreviated, C6F13-PC61BM). We obtained excellent PCEs of 18.37% and 17.71% for 1 wt % CF3-PC61BM- and C6F13-PC61BM-based PSCs (1 wt % addition of PC61BM) with CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskites, respectively. Moreover, champion PCEs of ∼19% were obtained based on the CsFAMAPbIBr perovskites. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the fluorocarbon chains of CF3-PC61BM and C6F13-PC61BM assembled at the surfaces of ETLs with the formation of thin-layer moisture-resistant protective coverage above perovskite. Results show that it significantly retarded water penetrating down to perovskite layers and led to optimal humidity stability under ambient atmosphere.

[Effect of Pinelliae Rhizoma processed with lime and licorice on toxic lectin protein].

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of lime and licorice processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma on its toxic lectin protein and clarify the scientific detoxification connotation of lime and licorice processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma. Western blot was used to semi-quantitatively analyze the contents of lectin in Pinelliae Rhizoma and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum. Raw products and lectin were treated by soaking in licorice juice, lime solution or mixture solution of these two to investigate the different processing time on the content of toxic lectin protein. SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the changes of lectin protein bands in the solution and precipitates before and after processing. MALDI-TOF technology was used to qualitatively analyze and compare the protein molecular weight before and after processing. The results showed that the contents of lectin in Pinelliae Rhizoma and Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum were 5.01% and 0.04% respectively, indicating that processing could significantly reduce the content of active lectin in raw products. The results also showed that the content of lectin in raw drugs decreased significantly after soaking in lime solution for one day or in licorice juice for three day, and the effect was greatest in mixture solution. Qualitative analysis showed that after being treated by soaking in lime solution, the lectin protein was decomposed into small peptide segments, while after being treated by soaking in licorice juice, the lectin protein was denatured and precipitated. The structure of lectin protein in Pinelliae Rhizoma was broken after being processed with licorice juice and lime solution, which significantly reduced the content of toxic lectinprotein. This is one of the detoxification mechanisms of Pinelliae Rhizoma processing.