Heterogeneous Structures Consisting of Rod-like ZnO Interspersed with Ce2S3 Nanoparticles for Photo-Sensitive Supercapacitors with Enhanced Capacitive Performance.

Photosensitive supercapacitors incorporate light-sensitive materials on capacitive electrodes, enabling solar energy conversion and storage in one device. In this study, heterogeneous structures of rod-shaped ZnO decorated with Ce2S3 nanoparticles on nickel foam (ZnO@Ce2S3/NF) are synthesized using a two-step hydrothermal method as photosensitive supercapacitor electrodes for capacitance enhancement under visible light. The formation of ZnO@Ce2S3 heterogeneous structures is confirmed using various structural characterization techniques. The area-specific capacitance of the ZnO@Ce2S3/NF composite electrode increased from 1738.1 to 1844.0 mF cm-2 after illumination under a current density of 5 mA cm-2, which is 2.4 and 2.8 times higher than that of ZnO and Ce2S3 electrodes under similar conditions, respectively, indicating the remarkable light-induced capacitance enhancement performance. The ZnO@Ce2S3/NF electrode also exhibits a higher photocurrent and photovoltage than the two single electrodes, demonstrating its excellent photosensitivity. The improved capacitance performance and photosensitivity under illumination are attributed to the well-constructed energy-level structure, which stimulates the flow of photogenerated electrons from the outer circuit and the involvement of photogenerated holes in the resulting surface-controlled capacitance. In addition, the assembled ZnO@Ce2S3/NF-based hybrid supercapacitor exhibits a great energy density of 145.0 mWh cm-2 under illumination. This study provides a novel strategy for the development of high-performance solar energy conversion/storage devices.

Postharvest biochemical characteristics and ultrastructure of Coprinus comatus.

BACKGROUND: Coprinus comatus is a novel cultivated edible fungus, hailed as a new preeminent breed of mushroom. However, C. comatus is difficult to keep fresh at room temperature after harvest due to high respiration, browning, self-dissolve and lack of physical protection. METHODS: In order to extend the shelf life of C. comatus and reduce its loss in storage, changes in quality, biochemical content, cell wall metabolism and ultrastructure of C. comatus (C.c77) under 4 °C and 90% RH storage regimes were investigated in this study. RESULTS: The results showed that: (1) After 10 days of storage, mushrooms appeared acutely browning, cap opening and flowing black juice, rendering the mushrooms commercially unacceptable. (2) The activity of SOD, CAT, POD gradually increased, peaked at the day 10, up to 31.62 U g-1 FW, 16.51 U g-1 FW, 0.33 U g-1 FW, respectively. High SOD, CAT, POD activity could be beneficial in protecting cells from ROS-induced injuries, alleviating lipid peroxidation and stabilizing membrane integrity. (3) The activities of chitinase, ß-1,3-glucanase were significantly increased. Higher degrees of cell wall degradation observed during storage might be due to those enzymes' high activities. (4) The fresh C. comatus had dense tissue and every single cell had the number of intracellular organelles which structure can be observed clearly. After 10 d storage, the number of intracellular organelles was declined and the structure was fuzzy, the nucleus disappeared. After 20 d storage, C. comatus's organization was completely lost, many cells were stacked together and the cell wall was badly damaged.

[Relative bioavailability of roxithromycin dispersive tablets in healthy volunteers].

The relative bioavailability of roxithromycin dispersive tablet in healthy volunteers was evaluated in this study. Its concentration in plasma was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after twenty healthy male volunteers were given each a single dose of 300 mg roxithromycin. The experiment data were obtained using DAS programme. The values of Cmax were 10.16+/-1.46 and 10.34+/-1.66 microg x ml(-1) at 2.33+/-0.61 and 2.28+/-0.62 h respectively; of t1/2 were 9.00+/-1.58 and 8.68+/-1.66 h respectively; of AUC0-->Tn were 143.32 +/-25. 80 and 138.93+/-22. 49 microg x h x ml(-1) respectively; of AUC0-->infinity were 158.63+/-26.86 and 153.77+/-24.75 microg x h x ml(-1) for test and reference drugs. Relative bioavailability of the tested roxithromycin was 103.63%+/-14.04%. The result showed that the two dispersive tablets are bioequivalent.

HPLC determination and steady-state bioavailability study of levodropropizine sustained-release tablets in dogs.

A simple HPLC method using UV detection was developed and validated for the determination of levodropropizine (LDP) in dog plasma. The sample was prepared for injection using a liquid-liquid extraction method with 1-phenypiperazine as the internal standard. The mobile phase was methanol-diethylamine solution (0.05 M) (20:80, v/v, pH adjusted to 3.0 with H3PO4) with a detection wavelength of 240 nm. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of LDP in a biological matrix was determined to be 25.25 ng/mL. The calibration curve was linear across the concentration range of 25.25 to 2020 ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision values (CV %) were within 7% and accuracy (R.E. %) was within 6% of the nominal values for medium (252.5 ng/mL) and high (2020 ng/mL) LDP concentrations. For the LDP concentration at the LOQ, the intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were within 20% and 10%, respectively. The average absolute recovery for LDP was 70.28%. This method was successfully used to analyze plasma samples in a steady-state bioavailability study of a newly developed sustained-release LDP tablets (SR) using immediate-release tablets (IR) as the reference. The relative bioavailability of the SR was determined to be 106.3 +/- 12.8% (n=6). The Cmax of the SR was significantly lower (P<0.05), and the tmax was significantly longer than that of the IR (P<0.05). The results of ANOVA and two one-sided tests indicated that the SR exhibited acceptable sustained release properties and was bioequivalent to the IR.

[Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of KC-404 sustained release tablets in healthy volunteers].

OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of KC-404 sustained release tablets and capsules in healthy volunteers. METHODS: The concentration of KC-404 in serum was determined by HPLC method after a single oral dose (20 mg) of tablet or capsule was administered to 19 healthy male volunteers respectively in an open randomized cross-over test. RESULTS: After being processed by 3P87 pharmacokinetics program, the experiment data showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters of the tablets and the capsules were AUC0-->infinity: 740.12 ng.h/ml and 724.04 ng.h/ml; tmax: 5.37 h and 5.11 h; Cmax: 46.98 ng/ml and 46.29 ng/ml; T1/2: 7.4 h and 7.0 h; MRT0-->infinity: 14.78 h and 14.39 h respectively. There were no significant differences in AUC, tmax, Cmax, T1/2 and MRT0-->infinity between these two preparations (P > 0.05). The relative bioavailability of KC-404 sustained release tablets was 102.6%. CONCLUSION: These two preparations are bioequivalent.

[Determination of salbutamol in human plasma by column-switching HPLC with UV detection].

OBJECTIVE: To make better the RP-HPLC method with column-switching technique for the determination of salbutamol in human plasma. METHODS: A high-pressure flow channel selection valve and Kromasil C18 pretreatment column (20 x 4 mm, 5 microns), Ultrasphere Cyano analysis column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 um, Beckman) were used. To the plasma sample 1.0 ml, 0.5 ml phosphate buffer (2.0 mol/L, pH 9.0) containing 0.4% diphenylboric acid 2-aminoethyl ester was added, then extraction was performed with the use of 4.0 ml chloroform containing 1% tetraoctylammonium bromide. The organic layer was removed and extracted again with 300 microliters (0.08 mol/L) acetic acid. 100 microliters of the acid layer was injected onto the column. The mobile phase of pH 2.8, 0.025 mol/L phosphate buffer-acetonitrile-methanol (95:4:1) was pumped at the rate of 0.9 and 1.0 ml.min-1 through the pretreatment and analysis column, respectively. The column-switching time was from 0.7 min to 1.5 min. The detector at 0.002 aufs was set at 224 nm. RESULTS: The retention time for salbutamol was 6.7 min and that for internal standard (morphine) 7.6 min. The standard curve was linear over the concentration range from 0.5 to 32 micrograms/L. The lowest concentration of detection in plasma was 0.5 microgram/L. The method recovery was 96%-107%; the intra-day RSD less than 5%; the inter-day RSD less than 8%. CONCLUSION: This method was found to be simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate for determination of salbutamol in human plasma.