ABSTRACT
We present the development of the miniTimeCube (mTC), a novel compact neutrino detector. The mTC is a multipurpose detector, aiming to detect not only neutrinos but also fast/thermal neutrons. Potential applications include the counterproliferation of nuclear materials and the investigation of antineutrino short-baseline effects. The mTC is a plastic 0.2% (10)B-doped scintillator (13 cm)(3) cube surrounded by 24 Micro-Channel Plate (MCP) photon detectors, each with an 8 × 8 anode totaling 1536 individual channels/pixels viewing the scintillator. It uses custom-made electronics modules which mount on top of the MCPs, making our detector compact and able to both distinguish different types of events and reject noise in real time. The detector is currently deployed and being tested at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research nuclear reactor (20 MWth) in Gaithersburg MD. A shield for further tests is being constructed, and calibration and upgrades are ongoing. The mTC's improved spatiotemporal resolution will allow for determination of incident particle directions beyond previous capabilities.
ABSTRACT
Patients awaiting solid organ transplantation who are highly sensitized to HLA antigens remain problematic in terms of finding compatible (crossmatch-negative) donors. We have used intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG; 10% Gamimune N) to determine both its efficacy in reducing panel-reactive antibodies in vitro and the prognostic value of the in vitro testing for in vivo efficacy. In 18 patients with PRAs ranging from 40 to 100% (mean: 77%) we found a reduction in absolute PRA of 4-70% (mean decrease: 35%; percent inhibition: 4-100%; residual PRA 0-96%). In 7 cases, the residual antibody specificity could be easily determined and often appeared to include a short HLA-A2. This was independent of A2 subtype as determined by PCR-SSOP. Testing the IVIG on a panel of 21 HLA reagent alloantisera resulted in heterogeneous inhibitory patterns (7 complete, 3 partial, 8 differential, 3 none) independent of titer or specificity. In vivo administration to a 13-year-old kidney patient awaiting retransplant resulted in a PRA drop from 95% to 15% and successful retransplantation (now 11 months post-transplant). More impressively, successive in vivo administration of IVIG to a sensitized (anti-HLA-A2, A68, A69; B57, B58) heart transplant candidate resulted in successful transplantation with an A2+ histoincompatible heart. The patient experienced only one subclinical humoral rejection in the first 5 months posttransplant. Biochemical studies to determine the effective component of IVIG show that it is the IgG fraction and not soluble antigen or the minor IgM or IgA contaminants that is responsible. This suggests an antiidiotypic modulation of anti-HLA antibodies in vitro and in vivo.
Subject(s)
HLA Antigens/immunology , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Immunosuppression Therapy/methods , Isoantibodies/immunology , Transplantation Immunology , Histocompatibility , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion ConcentrationABSTRACT
Coal miners' intensive labour with concomitant unfavourable working conditions have changed the occupational diseases' structure. Effective antidust measures were used which contributed to a lower dust-related morbidity, but the number of cases of locomotor system and vibration related diseases increased. In recent years, a tendency has become apparent towards a general decrease of occupational traumatism, particularly, accidents with severe and lethal traumatism.
