ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the rationality and safety of Shuxuening injection used in our hospital. METHODS: Two hundred and twelve outpatients (77 males, 135 females) were selected. Survey forms designed for this research were filled in with items including age, sex, clinical diagnosis, symptom, dosage, course of treatment, adverse reactions due to the injection and outcome. Data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: For the 212 cases with an average age of (59.8±12.8) yeas, the average dose of Shuxuening injection was 20 mL, given once daily by intravenous infusion; the duration of therapy was (7.5±3.2) d; the rate of adverse reactions was 5.66%. CONCLUSION: Shuxuening injection is used rationally in our hospital, and it is generally safe when used according to the labeling.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the types and prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in the prescriptions for diabetic patients hospitalized in the department of endocrinology from March 2012 to February 2013, classify the DDIs as per pharmacotherapeutic class of medications and investigate the relationship between medication classes and frequency of potential DDIs, in order to provide basis for management of medication therapy. METHODS: The prescriptions were checked for drug interactions by clinical pharmacists with the support of hospital drug information system. RESULTS: Prescriptions for total of 450 diabetic patients were collected. The average HbA1C before hospitalization was (9.4±2.4)%. The average duration of diabetes was(11.0±8.1)years. The most common regimen was insulin therapy, followed by combination therapy of insulin and alpha glucosidase inhibitors. The most common DDIs occured between aspirin and β-blockers. CONCLUSION: The patients are at risk of potential DDIs. An appropriate surveillance system for monitoring such interactions should be implemented. Physicians should be more aware of potentially harmful DDIs. Pharmacists can contribute to the detection and prevention of drug-related injuries, especially of clinically meaningful DDIs that pose potential risks to patient safety.
ABSTRACT
A protein-bound polysaccharide fraction (JBP-1) was obtained from the fruiting bodies of Cantharellus cibarius. Its chemical composition was studied by the cooperative usage of multiple chemical and spectral methods and characterized to be a fraction with a molecular weight of 4.8 × 10(5) Da and only composed of glucose. Methylation analysis revealed that the sugar residues in JBP-1 are existing as t-, 1,6-, and 1,3,6-linked Glcp sugar residues. The immunocompetence of the fraction was evaluated with the proliferation assay of mouse splenocytes, and the result revealed that JBP-1 could significantly stimulate the proliferation of mouse splenocytes in a dose-dependent manner, with p < 0.001 at the concentration of 100 µg/ml and 30 µg/ml, p < 0.05 at 10 µg/ml. These results give us a primary scientific evidence to further explore the pharmaceutical function of this mushroom.
Subject(s)
Agaricales/chemistry , Amino Acids/analysis , Glucans/isolation & purification , Spleen/cytology , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/chemistry , Glucans/chemistry , Glucans/immunology , Glucans/pharmacology , Glucose/analysis , Immunocompetence , Mice , Molecular Structure , Molecular Weight , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Spleen/drug effects , Spleen/immunologyABSTRACT
Polysaccharide-encapsulated fungi are the chief source of diseases in immunocompromised hosts such as those infected with human immunodeficiency virus or neutropenia patients. Currently available polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines are mainly T cell dependent and are usually ineffective in weakened immune systems. In this study, laminarin, a well-characterized ß-1,3-glucan, was conjugated with a prokaryotically expressed recombinant fragment (amino acids [aa] 39 to 272) of calreticulin (rCRT/39-272), which exhibits extraordinarily potent immunogenicity and adjuvanticity in experimental animals. The resultant conjugate reserves the immunostimulatory effect of rCRT/39-272 on naïve murine B cells and is capable of eliciting anti-ß-glucan IgG (mostly IgG1) responses in not only BALB/c mice but also athymic nude mice. Laminarin-CRT-induced mouse antibodies (Abs) are able to bind with Candida albicans and inhibit its growth in vitro. In addition, vaccination with laminarin-CRT partially protects mice from lethal C. albicans challenge. These results imply that rCRT/39-272 could be used as an ideal carrier or adjuvant for carbohydrate vaccines aimed at inducing or boosting IgG responses to fungal infections in immunodeficient hosts.
