Regulating the Growth Rate of Gold Nanobipyramids via a HCl-NADH-Ascorbic Acid System toward a Dual-Channel Multicolor Colorimetric Immunoassay for Simultaneously Screening and Detecting Multiple Sulfonamides.

It is an urgent need to develop simple and high-throughput methods for simultaneously screening and detecting multiple or groups of sulfonamides (SAs) in animal-derived foods since various SAs were alternately used in animal husbandry to avoid generating drug resistance. We herein developed a novel HCl-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide I (NADH)-ascorbic acid (AA)-mediated gold nanobipyramids (AuNBPs) growth system, which can precisely regulate the growth rate of AuNBPs, to generate two colorful and stable AA-corresponding multicolor signal channels with different sensitivities. Based on the HCl-NADH-AA-mediated AuNBP growth system, we further developed a dual-channel multicolor immunoassay for simultaneously realizing rapid screening and detection of 5 SAs (sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxydiazine, sulfisomidine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamonomethoxine) by using a paper-based analytical device for sensitively and stably reading out the signal and a broad-specificity anti-SAs antibody as a bio-receptor. The developed immunoassay has more color changes, a wider linear range, excellent specificity and stability, and two multicolor signal channels (L-channel and H-channel) with different sensitivities. The H-channel exhibited 7-8 SAs-corresponding color changes and can be used to detect 5 target SAs with a visual detection limit of 0.1-0.5 ng/mL and a spectrometry detection limit of 0.05-0.16 ng/mL. The L-channel exhibited 7-9 SAs-corresponding color changes and can be used to detect 5 target SAs with a visual detection limit of 2.0-6.0 ng/mL and a spectrometry detection limit of 0.40-1.47 ng/mL. The developed immunoassay was successfully used to simultaneously screen and detect low-concentration and high-concentration of target SAs in milk and fish muscle samples with a recovery of 85-110% and an RSD (n = 5) < 8%. The visual detection limit of our immunoassay is much lower than the maximum residue limit of total SAs in edible tissue. All above features make our immunoassay a promising assay for simultaneously realizing the rapid screening and quantitative determination of multiple SA residues in food by bare eye observation. It must be mentioned that our immunoassay may be expended as a general method for the simultaneous visual screening and detection of other drugs using the corresponding antibody as a recognition probe.

Bibliometric and visual analysis in the field of tea in cancer from 2013 to 2023.

Objective: Tea has been utilized in cancer research and is progressively gaining wider recognition, with its roles in cancer prevention and treatment being increasingly affirmed. The objective of this study is to investigate the current state and research hotspots in the field of tea's involvement in cancer research from 2013 to 2023, aiming to offer reference and direction for future studies. Methods: We analyzed 4,789 articles published between 2013 and 2022 from the Web of Science database using VOSviewer, R software, and CiteSpace software. Result: Tea-related cancer research showed an overall upward trend, with China leading in publications, followed by the United States, India, Japan, and Italy. China also had significant international collaborations, notably with Harvard University and the Egyptian Knowledge Bank. The 'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry' was the most cited journal. Key topics included 'green tea,' 'cancer,' 'in vitro,' 'oxidative stress,' and 'apoptosis.' Research focused on tea's pharmacological effects, anticancer properties, mechanisms of natural compounds (e.g., polyphenols and EGCG), antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and molecular mechanisms in cancer treatment. Conclusion: Tea's potential as an anti-cancer medication is gaining global recognition. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of tea-related cancer research from 2013 to 2023, guiding future investigations in this field.

Plasma Manganese Levels and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Manganese (Mn) intake has been found to be linked with risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the role of Mn in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains to be investigated. This prospective study included pregnant women from the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort. A total of 2327 participants with plasma specimens before 20 weeks were included. Among the pregnant women, 9.7% (225/2327) were diagnosed with GDM. After adjustment, pregnant women with the third and highest quartile of plasma Mn levels had 1.31-fold (RR, 2.31 [1.48, 3.61]) and 2.35-fold (RR, 3.35 [2.17, 5.17]) increased risk of GDM compared with those with the lowest quartile. A 1 standard deviation increment of ln-transformed plasma Mn levels (0.53 µg/L) was related to elevated risks of GDM with RRs of 1.28 [1.17, 1.40]. The positive associations between Mn and GDM remained consistent in all the subgroups. The weighted quantile sum index was significantly related to GDM (RR, 1.60 [1.37, 1.86]). The contribution of Mn (58.69%) to the metal mixture index was the highest related to GDM. Higher plasma Mn levels were found to be linked with elevated fasting and 2 h post-load blood glucose. This study revealed relationships of higher plasma Mn levels in early pregnancy and increased risk of GDM, suggesting that though essential, excess Mn in the body might be a potential important risk factor for GDM.

Colorimetric aptasensor for sensitive detection of quinclorac based on exonuclease III-assisted cyclic release of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer mimic enzyme strategy.

Here, a colorimetric aptasensor was constructed for sensitively detecting quinclorac (QNC), a common herbicide. The aptasensor involved a novel amplification strategy and a classical strand displacement strategy. The amplification strategy, termed exonuclease III (Exo III)-assisted cyclic release of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) mimic enzyme strategy, was developed based on two new findings on PMO: 1) DNA hybridized with PMO could resist Exo III digestion; 2) a designed G-rich PMO (named P2) could bind to hemin to form a G-quadruplex PMOzyme with peroxidase-like activity. In this strategy, a designed DNA-PMO duplex (D1-P1) completely hybridized with DNA2 (D2) in the other designed DNA-PMO duplex (D2-P2) to trigger D2 degradation by Exo III and cyclic release of P2. After that, the hemin-binding P2 catalyzed colorless tetra-methyl benzidine (TMB) to blue TMB+. The cycle process was performed at high Exo III concentrations without strict control and with constant background signals. In that case, the developed strategy was sensitive, efficient, easy to operate, reliable, and ultralow background. Meanwhile, a QNC aptamer was used to develop the strand displacement strategy based on magnetic beads. The colorimetric aptasensor was sensitive and selective for QNC detection with a detection limit of 7.1 ng mL-1. It was successfully applied to detect QNC in soil and river water with good recovery rates (92-98%) and a relative standard deviation (n = 3) <5%. The success of this study could provide a general reference strategy for developing sensitive aptasensors and other nucleic acid-related sensors.

Influence of aerobic exercise training on mice gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease.

Accumulating evidence shows that gut microbial dysbiosis may represent a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Exercise has a positive effect on microbiota in general. The effect of aerobic exercise training (AET) on the gut microbial environment in PD remains to be explored. Here, we performed the 16S rRNA gene sequencing on feces from sham operated-mice (sham), PD mice model, and mice receiving AET (AET). Results indicated that AET had no remarkable effect on species richness and bacterial diversity of PD mice. The relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes was reduced, while Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Lysinibacillus, Pelomonas, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 were increased in PD mice compared with those of sham operated-mice, whereas AET partly rescued their abundance. Additionally, the composition proportion of beneficial Lactobacillus_gasseri and uncultured_Erysipelotrichales_bacterium significantly increased in AET mice compared to PD mice. Moreover, discriminative bacteria, such as Bacilli, Lactobacillales, Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus were identified as a specific taxon in AET mice. Here we provide evidence that AET can improve the gut microbiota of PD mice.

Transcriptome sequencing reveals circRNA expression profile in Parkinson's disease-like mice after aerobic exercise.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common complex neurodegenerative disease, and aerobic exercise (EX) has potential to improve motor dysfunction. This study aimed to explore whether EX acts on PD in mice mode. Mice were administered 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and subjected to a 4-week physical exercise regimen (EX-PD group) and underwent RNA-Seq. Here, MPTP caused PD, which was characterized by neuron shrinkage and behavioral deficits, whereas EX improved PD by rescuing neuronal survival and motor function in mice. Moreover, circRNA expression profiles identified a total of 142 differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) between PD and EX-PD group. These DEcircRNAs were mainly involved in PD, dopaminergic synapses, and calcium signaling pathways. The expression of circZfp827 and circTshz2 were significantly elevated in PD group while reduced owing to EX intervention. In contrast, EX intervention significantly restored decline in circHivep2 expression due to PD. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network suggested that circZfp827, circHivep2, and circTshz2 were involved in ceRNA mechanism of EX to improve PD, and their target genes were significantly decreased after interference. The directly binding regulation relationship of circTshz2-mmu-miR-326-3p-Th was verified by double luciferase reporter assay. Our research revealed that EX improved motor behavioral deficits and pathological features of PD mice, and circRNA-based signatures are potential candidates for further assessment as PD biomarkers for improvement by EX.

Association between Chinese Dietary Guidelines Compliance Index for Pregnant Women and Risks of Pregnancy Complications in the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Compliance with dietary guidelines among pregnant women can positively influence not only their own health but also the health of their babies. Measuring the compliance requires professional skills in nutrition and dietary counseling. In China, few simple and effective techniques assess dietary quality among pregnant women, especially in rural areas. We aimed to establish a new simple and effective assessment technique, the "Chinese Dietary Guidelines Compliance Index for Pregnant Women (CDGCI-PW)" and assess the association between maternal dietary compliance and risks of pregnancy complications. METHODS: The CDGCI-PW consists of 13 main components which were based on the 2016 edition of the Chinese dietary guidelines for pregnant women. Each component was assigned a different score range, and the overall score ranged from 0 to 100 points. The Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort study (from September 2013 to May 2016) was a prospective cohort study designed to examine maternal dietary and lifestyle effects on the health of pregnant women and their offspring. The maternal diet during the second trimester was compared with the corresponding recommended intake of the Chinese balanced dietary pagoda for pregnant women to verify their compliance with dietary guidelines. The association between maternal dietary quality and risks of pregnancy complications was estimated by regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to identify the optimal cut-off values of CDGCI-PW for gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). RESULTS: Among the 2708 pregnant women, 1489 were eventually followed up. The mean CDGCI-PW score was 74.1 (standard deviation (SD) 7.5) in the second trimester. The majority of foods showed the following trend: the higher the CDGCI-PW score, the higher the proportion of pregnant women who reported food intake within the recommended range. Moreover, a higher maternal CDGCI-PW score was significantly associated with lower risks of gestational hypertension [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [(CI): 0.30 (0.20, 0.37)] and GDM [OR (95% CI): 0.38 (0.31, 0.48)]. The optimal CDGCI-PW cut-off value for gestational hypertension was ≥68.5 (sensitivity 82%; specificity: 61%; area under the ROC curve, AUC = 0.743), and the optimal CDGCI-PW cut-off score for GDM was ≥75.5 (sensitivity 43%; specificity: 81%; area under the ROC curve, AUC = 0.714). CONCLUSIONS: The CDGCI-PW is a simple and useful technique that assesses maternal diet quality during pregnancy, while adherence to the CDGCI-PW is associated with a lower risk of gestational hypertension and GDM.

Association between dietary inflammatory index and gestational diabetes mellitus risk in a prospective birth cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: Information is limited regarding the possible relationship between diet-related inflammation and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study investigated the association between the inflammatory potential of the diet, measured by the dietary inflammatory index (DII), and GDM risk in pregnant Chinese women. METHODS: This study included 2639 eligible women from the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and was used to calculate the DII score. The DII was then validated using C-reactive protein measurements in a subsample of 133 pregnant women. GDM diagnoses were collected from medical records based on the results of a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test at 24 to 28 wk gestation. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for GDM risk by DII score, modeled continuously and in tertiles. RESULTS: Of the 2639 participants, 13.1% were diagnosed with GDM. DII scores ranged from -4.45 to 3.15 and were positively associated with C-reactive protein (adjusted ß : 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16, 2.40; P trend = 0.023) when comparing DII tertile 3 (most pro-inflammatory) to tertile 1 (most anti-inflammatory). A significant and positive association was observed between DII scores and GDM risk (adjusted OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.95; P trend = 0.022) comparing the highest versus lowest tertiles. The stratified analysis showed that this association was stronger in pregnant women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy (adjusted OR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.03, 4.69). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a higher DII score, corresponding to a more proinflammatory diet, is associated with a higher risk of GDM, particularly in pregnant women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy.

Transcriptome sequencing reveals aerobic exercise training-associated lncRNAs for improving Parkinson's disease.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise training (AET) on the performance of mice with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to explore the molecular mechanism of AET-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in PD treatment. The results showed that the behaviors of PD mice were significantly improved after 4 weeks of AET. The substantia nigra pars compacta of PD mice showed scattered large multipolar cells and surrounding neutrophils after AET. In addition, a total of 62 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were identified between the AET group and the PD group, including 55 up-regulated and 7 down-regulated DE-lncRNAs in the AET group. Furthermore, the target genes of DE-lncRNAs, including LOC102633466, LOC102637865, and LOC102638670, were mainly involved in ECM-receptor interaction, the Wnt pathway and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that these three DE-lncRNAs were significantly up-regulated in the AET group than in the PD group. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network suggested that these 3 DE-lncRNAs may improve PD via the ceRNA mechanism. In conclusion, this study suggests that aerobic exercise improves motor performance of PD mice and provides a foundation for further studies on the molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in treating PD.

Catalytic Hydroxycyclopropanol Ring-Opening Carbonylative Lactonization to Fused Bicyclic Lactones.

A novel palladium-catalyzed ring opening carbonylative lactonization of readily available hydroxycyclopropanols was developed to efficiently synthesize tetrahydrofuran (THF) or tetrahydropyran (THP)-fused bicyclic γ-lactones, two privileged scaffolds often found in natural products. The reaction features mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerability, and scalability. Its application was demonstrated in a short total synthesis of (±)-paeonilide. The fused bicyclic γ-lactone products can be easily diversified to other medicinally important scaffolds, which further broadens the application of this new carbonylation method.

Folic Acid Supplement Use and Increased Risk of Gestational Hypertension.

Current results regarding the effect of folic acid (FA) supplement use on gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia are limited and inconsistent. We aimed to investigate whether FA supplement use was associated with GH and preeclampsia. Participants from the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort with information on periconceptional FA supplement use and diagnosis of GH/preeclampsia were included (n=4853). Robust Poisson regression was used to assess the association of FA supplement use and GH and preeclampsia. Among the 4853 participants in this study, 1161 (23.9%) and 161 (3.3%) women were diagnosed with GH and preeclampsia, respectively. The risk ratio of developing GH was higher in women who used ≥800 µg/d FA supplement from prepregnancy through midpregnancy than nonusers (risk ratio, 1.33 [1.08-1.65]). After adjusting for social-demographic, reproductive, lifestyle factors, family history of hypertension, other supplement use, and gestational weight gain, the adverse association remained significant (risk ratio, 1.32 [1.06-1.64]). Restricting the analysis among women with normal weight, without family history of hypertension, and without gestational diabetes mellitus, the positive FA-GH association still existed. We did not find any significant association between FA supplement use and preeclampsia regardless of adjustment. High-dose (≥800 µg/d) FA supplement use from prepregnancy through midpregnancy was associated with increased risk of GH. Attention should be given to avoid the potential risk of GH due to inappropriate FA supplement use in women who are planning or capable of pregnancy.

Higher dietary vitamin C intake is associated with a lower risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A longitudinal cohort study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Vitamin C as natural antioxidant may help to increase the body's antioxidant capacity. The study is aimed to determine whether vitamin C intake during pregnancy is associated with lower risk of GDM. METHODS: Women with singleton pregnancy and without any history of diabetes were drawn from the ongoing Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort (TMCHC). Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were conducted during weeks 24-28 of gestation to screen for GDM. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake during mid pregnancy. Use of multivitamins and specific supplements of vitamin C was assessed by questionnaires. Odds ratios (ORs) of GDM risk were calculated by logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: 344 (11.4%) of the 3009 women were diagnosed with GDM. Dietary vitamin C intake was inversely associated with the risk of GDM. Women with above adequate dietary vitamin C intake (more than 200 mg/day) experienced lower odds of GDM (OR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.49-0.95) than those with adequate intake (115-200 mg/day). There was no association between the total consumption of vitamin C and the risk of GDM (OR 1.04, 95% CI: 0.71-1.53). CONCLUSION: This data suggests that higher dietary consumption of vitamin C during pregnancy is independently associated with lower odds of GDM. Above 200 mg/day of dietary vitamin C intake may help reduce the odds of GDM. However, no such association between total vitamin C intake and the risk of GDM was found. Hence, sufficient vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C should be recommended to protect pregnant women from developing gestational diabetes.

[Optimal gestational weight gain for Chinese urban women].

OBJECTIVE: To examine optimal gestational weight gain(GWG) for Chinese pregnant women. METHODS: A total of 6998 women with singleton and term pregnancy recruited to the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort during January 2013 to May 2016 in Wuhan, Hubei were included. Information on sociodemographic, medical and family history of disease was obtained by questionnaire, body weight and height were measured at the first antenatal care during 8-16 weeks of gestation. Prenatal weight of mothers were measured, and gestational week, mode of delivery, pregnancy complications, gender of newborn, birth weight and length were collected from medical records after delivery. Restricted cubic spline was used to model nonlinear relationships between GWG and the occurrence of small for gestational age(SGA), large for gestational age(LGA), low birth weight(LBW), macrosomia, cesarean, gestational hypertension(GH)and gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM), respectively. The GWG of the lowest risks for adverse pregnant outcomes was regarded as optimal GWG recommended by Tongji(TJ) for pregnant women. The P25-P75 of GWG was defined as the optimal GWG recommended by percentile method. Logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of excessive or insufficient GWG on adverse pregnancy outcomes, while the recommendations of TJ and percentile method were used as references, respectively. RESULTS: (1) The GWG with lower risk of adverse pregnant outcomes based on pre-gravid body mass index(BMI) are 12. 0-17. 0 kg for underweight, 9. 0-14. 0 kg for normal weight and 7. 0-11. 0 kg for overweight, respectively, which are defined as TJ recommendations. The recommended GWG by percentile method are 14. 0-19. 0 kg for underweight, 13. 0-19. 0 kg for normal weight, 10. 8-18. 0 kg for overweight and 9. 0-15. 8 kg for obesity, respectively. (2) Compared to women gain within the TJ recommendations, OR of LGA is 2. 94(95%CI 2. 31-3. 73), macrosomia is 3. 13(95%CI 2. 38-4. 13), cesarean is 1. 53(95%CI 1. 38-1. 71) and GH is 2. 18(95%CI 1. 50-3. 17) for those with excessive GWG, OR of SGA is 1. 82(95%CI 1. 32-2. 53) for those who gain less. The corresponding ORs according to percentile method are 2. 11(95%CI 1. 76-2. 54) for LGA, 2. 16(95%CI 1. 76-2. 65) for macrosomia, 1. 53(95%CI 1. 36-1. 72) for cesarean, 1. 39(95%CI 1. 02-1. 90) for GH and 1. 60(95%CI 1. 29-1. 99) for SGA, respectively. CONCLUSION: The optimal GWG of Chinese pregnant women recommended by the study are 12. 0-17. 0 kg for pre-gravid underweight women, 9. 0-14. 0 kg for normal weight women and 7. 0-11. 0 kg for overweight, respectively.

Fresh fruit intake in pregnancy and association with gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: Fresh fruit intake has been found to be associated with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); however, the evidence is limited and the findings are inconsistent. We aimed to assess the association of fresh fruit intake by fruit subgroups based on their glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) values and GDM incidence in Chinese pregnant women. METHODS: We included 3300 eligible women from the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort. Dietary intakes were assessed by using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. GDM was diagnosed based on the results of a 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. In the adjusted logistic regression model, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for GDM were computed for the highest compared with lowest quintiles of fruit intake. RESULTS: GDM occurred in 378 (11.5%) of 3300 pregnant women. The average fresh fruit consumption was 381.7 g/d. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for GDM from the lowest to highest quintile of whole fruit consumption were 1.00 (referent), 0.80 (0.56, 1.12), 0.74 (0.52, 1.05), 0.63 (0.44, 0.92), and 0.41 (0.27, 0.62), respectively; Ptrend < 0.001. Higher overall midpregnancy fresh fruit consumption was associated with lower plasma 1-h OGTT glucose and 2-h OGTT glucose levels (all P < 0.05). In addition, the stratified analysis results indicated that greater consumption of low and high GI fruits and low GL fruits were both associated with a lower risk of GDM but not high GL fruits. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested an inverse association of fresh fruit intake with the risk of GDM in Chinese pregnant women. In women with GDM risk, low GI and GL fresh fruit consumption should be privileged versus those with high GI and GL.

Gestational weight gain is associated with delayed onset of lactogenesis in the TMCHC study: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Delayed onset of lactogenesis II (OL) negatively affects breastfeeding and consequently, the health of the newborn. Few studies have examined the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) throughout pregnancy and risk of delayed OL. METHODS: We used data from a prospective cohort study in Wuhan of China, which enrolled pregnant women at 8-16 weeks of gestation and followed-up regularly. GWG was assessed by the last available weight measurement (LAWM) during pregnancy and the self-reported pre-pregnancy weight at enrollment. The outcome was delayed OL self-reported after 4 days postpartum. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Delayed OL was reported by 18.4% of the 3282 participants. After adjustment for the demographic, clinical and breastfeeding characteristics, compared to the lowest quartile 1 of GWG, ORs (95% CIs) were 1.20 (0.91, 1.57) for quartile 2, 1.47 (1.13, 1.92) for quartile 3, and 1.42 (1.08, 1.86) for quartile 4 (P for trend = 0.006). When GWG was classified by the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines, compared with women with adequate GWG, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) were 0.82 (0.61, 1.10) for inadequate GWG, and 1.13 (0.93, 1.38) for excessive GWG. CONCLUSIONS: Women with higher GWG throughout pregnancy are more likely to suffer from delayed OL in Chinese population.

Maternal dietary pattern characterised by high protein and low carbohydrate intake in pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women: a prospective cohort study.

Maternal dietary patterns and macronutrients intake have been shown to affect the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the findings are inconsistent. We aimed to identify maternal dietary patterns and examine their associations with GDM risk, and to evaluate the contributions of macronutrients intake to these associations. We included 2755 Chinese pregnant women from the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative FFQ 2 weeks before the diagnosis of GDM. GDM (n 248) was diagnosed based on the results of a 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks gestation. We derived five different dietary patterns from a principal component analysis. The results showed that high fish-meat-eggs scores, which were positively related to protein intake and inversely related to carbohydrate intake, were associated with a higher risk of GDM (adjusted OR for quartile 4 v. quartile 1: 1·83; 95 % CI 1·21, 2·79; P trend=0·007) and higher plasma glucose levels. In contrast, high rice-wheat-fruits scores, which were positively related to carbohydrate intake and inversely related to protein intake, were associated with lower risk of GDM (adjusted OR for quartile 3 v. quartile 1: 0·54; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·83; P trend=0·010) and lower plasma glucose levels. In addition, dietary protein and carbohydrate intake significantly contributed to the associations between dietary patterns and GDM risk or glucose levels. These findings suggest that a dietary pattern characterised by high protein and low carbohydrate intake in pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of GDM, which may provide important clues for dietary guidance during pregnancy to prevent GDM.

Poor sleep during early pregnancy increases subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between poor sleep quality during pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: A total of 4066 singleton pregnant women from the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort (TMCHC) without overt diabetes before pregnancy were analyzed. Sleep quality and duration during early pregnancy were self-reported by enrolled women at their first antenatal care visit before 16 weeks of gestation. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was assessed with a 75-g, 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Information about self-reported sleep quality and duration in mid-pregnancy were also collected at this time. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs were calculated by multivariable logistic regression models, and adjusted for potential confounders to estimate the effect of poor sleep quality and the interaction between sleep quality and duration on the development of GDM. Stratified analyses were performed according to age, parity, family history of diabetes and napping. RESULTS: A total of 335 (8.2%) participants were diagnosed with GDM. Poor sleep quality was reported in 259 (6.4%) women during early pregnancy and 248 (6.1%) in mid-pregnancy. The risk of GDM was increased in women with poor sleep quality during early pregnancy (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.20-2.61). No association was found between poor sleep quality during mid-pregnancy and the risk of GDM. The risk of GDM was highest in women with poor sleep and longer nighttime sleep duration during early pregnancy (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.20-4.29) when compared with those who reported good sleep and 7.0-8.5 h of sleep duration per night. Stratified analysis found that the association between poor sleep quality in early pregnancy and the risk of GDM was stronger among women aged ≥30 years (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.35-4.09) and those with a family history of diabetes (OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.54-10.48). CONCLUSIONS: Poor sleep quality during early pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of GDM. Screening for and treating sleep problems in early pregnancy could potentially reduce the risk of GDM.

Shorter sleep duration in early pregnancy is associated with birth length: a prospective cohort study in Wuhan, China.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between sleep duration in early pregnancy and fetal growth in a prospective cohort study of 3567 Chinese women. METHODS: Pregnant women at 8-16 weeks of gestation were interviewed using a semi-quantitative questionnaire to assess sleep duration. Birth weight and birth length were measured by a midwife in the delivery room at birth; low birth weight (LBW) was defined as birth weight <2500 g and small for gestational age (SGA) was defined as <10th customized centile. RESULTS: The average age of participants was 28.21 ± 3.38 years old. The mean sleep duration was 8.39 ± 1.13 h/day. A total of 1290 women sleeping ≥9 h/day, 1563 sleeping 8 to <9 h/day, 550 sleeping 7 to <8 h/day, and 164 sleeping <7 h/day. Compared to the sleeping 8 to <9 h/day group, birth length and birth weight of the sleeping <7 h/day group decreased by 2.42 mm (95% CI: -4.27, -0.58, p = 0.010) and 42.70 g (95% CI: -103.02, 17.62, p = 0.165), respectively; and risk of LBW and SGA of the sleeping <7 h/day group increased by 83% (95% CI: 0.59, 5.73, p = 0.297) and 56% (95% CI: 0.84, 2.92, p = 0.159), respectively; birth length of the sleeping <7 h/day group was decreased more in male babies, and among mothers without a midday napping habit or with a history of abortion (all p for interaction <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Shorter sleep duration in early pregnancy was associated with birth length. Our findings indicate that midday napping may be a protective factor for birth length among pregnant women with shorter sleep duration.