Matrix metalloproteinase and its inhibitor in temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis after indirect trauma in young goats.

Our aim was to examine the change in expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-13), matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the articular cartilage of goats with experimentally-induced osteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) at various times. Osteoarthrosis was induced in 20 goats in the bilateral TMJ and 5 goats acted as controls. There were 5 goats in each group, and a group was killed at 7 days, and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. The samples were collected, and the joints evaluated histologically. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the presence of MMPs and TIMP-1 in the articular disc and condylar cartilage. The ultrastructure of the articular disc and condylar surface at 1 month was examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Osteoarthrosis of the TMJ progressed gradually over time. MMP-13, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 were expressed strongly in the TMJ soon after injury; MMP-13 became gradually weakened, and MMP-3 strengthened later. None of these were expressed in the normal condyle. After a month the surface of the arthrotic condyle was uneven, and the underlying collagen fibrils were exposed in irregular fissures on the surface. The secretion of TIMP-1 was related closely to the changes of MMPs during osteoarthrosis of the TMJ. The unbalanced ratio between them caused degradation of the matrix of the cartilage and might be the cause of osteoarthrosis of the TMJ.

[Clinicopathologic study of solid papillary carcinoma of breast].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features and immunophenotype of solid papillary carcinoma (SPC) of breast. METHODS: Clinical and pathologic features of 21 cases of SPC, with or without stromal invasion, were analyzed. Immunohistochemical study (LSAB method, for cytokeratins, myoepithelial markers, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, Ki-67, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, c-erbB-2 and pS2) and alcian blue staining were performed. RESULTS: All the patients were females with a mean age of 66.1 years. The clinical features were similar to those of classic papillary tumor. Metastasis was not observed in patients who had undergone axillary lymph node dissection. Histologically, the tumor displayed solid papillary growth pattern, with mucin production demonstrated in 19 cases. The tumor cells were oval, polygonal, spindled or signet ring-like and contained mildly to moderately pleomorphic nuclei. The mitotic count measured less than 5 per 10 high-power fields in 15 cases. Seven cases contained foci of invasive carcinoma which showed similar cytologic features as those of the in-situ component. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells expressed CK8 but not basal cell cytokeratin. Positivity for smooth muscle actin-alpha, calponin and p63 was demonstrated in the myoepithelial layers of fibrovascular cores, as well as around the expanded ductolobular units. Most cases also showed cytoplasmic positivity for chromogranin A (88.2%) and synaptophysin (82.4%). The proliferation index, as highlighted by Ki-67 immunostain, was 8.1%. The tumor expressed estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and pS2. The staining for c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was negative. Follow up of 16 patients showed no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: SPC predominantly affects elderly females and has distinctive pathologic features and immunophenotype. Some cases of SPC are associated with mucinous and neuroendocrine components. Follow-up data suggest that SPC often carries an indolent clinical behavior and favorable prognosis.

[Analysis of clinical and pathological features of secretory meningiomas].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of secretory meningiomas. METHODS: Nine secretory meningiomas were examined. From each specimen, sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain, and periodic acid-Schiff stain with diatase(PAS-D ). Immunohistochemical markers including oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin (CK), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and MIB-1 were detected with streptavidin peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemical staining methods. One case was observed by electron microscopy (EM). RESULTS: The 9 secretory meningiomas were located at sphenoid ridge, left parietal lobe or frontal lobe. Severe peritumoral edema was observed in 5 cases. Seven cases were followed up for 6 to 88 months; none of them showed evidence of recurrence. Histologically, the conspicuous feature was the eosinophilic inclusions. The finding of pericytic proliferation on examination was helpful to making a diagnosis. In all 9 cases, the tumor cells were positive for PR, but in 6 cases the inclusions were negative. ER was negative in 8 cases. CEA,CK, EMA expressed in the inclusions and the surrounding cells in 7 cases. In 1 case the positive rate for MIB-1 was 5%, but in the other 8 cases the positive rates were not more than 2%. The intercellular lumens and intracellular mucosa were observed under EM. CONCLUSION: Secretory meningioma is a rare subtype of meningioma that shows glandular epithelium differentiation. It is a meningioma of the low-risk type in terms of incidence, recurrence and prognosis.

[Background irradiated photocatalysis of TiO2 thin films].

In terms of the UV irradiating directions, photocatalysis with TiO2 thin films can be divided into two types, the background irradiated photocatalysis and the foreground irradiated one. Comparatively, background irradiated photocatalysis has an advantage of avoiding the UV light attenuation which foreground irradiated one suffers when the light is going through the solution. In this article, the influence of the thickness of the films, the wavelength of light source and non-uninformly doping with V on the photocatalytic efficiency of the catalyst in case of background irradiated photocatalysis is investigated, and simultaneously it is compared with foreground irradiated one. The results show that in case of background irradiated photocatalysis there is an optimal thickness of the film according to the wavelength of the light source that is limited in the range of 300 nm to 388 nm, which is quite different from foreground irradiated one. But in both cases, the catalyst's photocatalytic activities are improved by non-uniformly doped with V.

Optimization of Serratia marcescens lipase production for enantioselective hydrolysis of 3-phenylglycidic acid ester.

Lipase production and cell growth of Serratia marcescens ECU1010 were optimized in shake flasks, with lipase production being enhanced 9.5-fold (4,780 U/l) compared with the initial activity (500 U/l). Optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were Tween-80 and peptone, and the optimal ratio of Tween-80 to peptone was 1:3. The optimized cultivation conditions were 25 degrees C and pH 6.5. Lipase activity, particularly specific activity, could be improved by decreasing the cultivation temperature from 35 to 25 degrees C. Enzyme stability was significantly improved by simple immobilization with synthetic adsorption resin no. 8244. After five reaction cycles, enzyme activity decreased only very slightly, while enantioselectivity of the preparation remained constant, and the ees (enantiomeric excess of the remaining substrate) achieved in all cases was higher than 97%. The resin-8244-lipase preparation can be used for efficient enantioselective hydrolysis of trans-3-(4'-methoxyphenyl)glycidic acid methyl ester [(+/-)-MPGM], a key intermediate in the synthesis of Diltiazem.

An innovative Ti/Tio2 mesh photoelectrode for methyl orange photoelectrocatalytic degradation.

A new type of photoelectrode was innovated by anodising titanium mesh in H2SO4 solution and named Ti/TiO2 mesh electrode. The structural and surface morphology of the Ti/TiO2 mesh was examined by X-ray diffraction, Laser Raman spectra and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that its crystal structure, morphology and the size of pore were affected greatly by the anodisation voltage, current density. The photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) oxidation of methyl orange (MO) solution using the Ti/TiO2 mesh was investigated. The results demonstrated that Ti/TiO2 mesh prepared at 160 V and 110 mA cm(-2) had the best PEC activity. The PEC oxidation efficiency could be significantly enhanced by applying an optimal electrical bias voltage between the working electrode and counter electrode. It was found that the best performance of PEC oxidation was achieved by applying an electrical bias of 0.6 V. It is suggested that the recombination of electrons and holes was hindered owing to applying electrical bias voltage.