Inverse Association of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

We aimed to investigate the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This cross-sectional study included 2667 Chinese patients with T2DM aged 18 to 76 years from March 2017 to October 2021. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and prevalent NAFLD was diagnosed with abdominal ultrasonography. High fruit−vegetable consumption was determined using ≥500 g/day consumption of both fruit and vegetable, and both fruit and vegetable consumption were divided into three categories of <200 g/day (low), 200−400 g/day (median) and >400 g (high). The primary outcome measurement was multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the prevalence of NAFLD in relation to the highest fruit and (or) vegetable intake compared with the lowest. Secondary analyses were conducted to assess the effects of either fruit or vegetable intake on the fatty liver index (FLI) using multivariable linear regressions. There were 1694 men and 973 women in this study, and 1445 (54.06%) participants had prevalent NAFLD. Patients with high fruit−vegetable intake had a lower prevalence of NAFLD than those with low fruit−vegetable intake (52.04% vs. 56.48%), but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.065). Vegetable intake had a significantly inverse association with NAFLD (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52−0.90), but this association was not pronounced with fruit intake (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.89−1.69) or fruit−vegetable intake (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.73−1.10). Additional analyses showed that an increase in vegetable intake was linearly associated with a significant reduction in FLI (ß: −1.028, 95% CI: −1.836, −0.219). In conclusion, higher vegetable consumption was associated with lower odds of NAFLD in Chinese patients with T2DM, which suggested that increased vegetable intake might protect patients with diabetes against NAFLD.

Neck-to-height ratio is positively associated with diabetic kidney disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of neck circumference (NC) and neck-to-height (NHR) with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and methods: A total of 2,615 patients with prevalent T2DM were enrolled. NHR was calculated through NC (cm) divided by height (cm), and prevalent DKD was defined as the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g or the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in the absence of other primary kidney diseases. Results: The levels of NC and NHR were higher in DKD patients compared with non-DKD patients (38.22 vs. 37.71, P = 0.003; 0.232 vs. 0.227, P < 0.001, respectively). After full adjustments, individuals at the highest tertile of NHR had higher odds of DKD than those at the lowest tertile (multivariate-adjusted OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.18), but this association was not pronounced with NC (multivariate-adjusted OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.76). Individuals at the highest tertile of NHR had lower eGFR (ß = -4.64, 95% CI: -6.55, -2.74) and higher UACR levels (ß = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.45) than those at the lowest tertile. The adverse association between NHR and prevalent DKD remained statistically significant among most of the subgroups analyzed and no interaction effects were observed. Conclusion: The increase in NHR was adversely and independently associated with DKD in this Chinese T2DM population.

ß(3)-Adrenoceptor Antagonist SR59230A Attenuates the Imbalance of Systemic and Myocardial Oxygen Transport Induced by Dopamine in Newborn Lambs.

BACKGROUND: In neonates, the increase in O(2)-delivery (DO(2)) by dopamine is offset by a greater increase in O(2)-consumption (VO(2)). This has been attributed to ß(3)-adrenergic receptors in neonatal brown fat tissue. ß(3) receptors in the heart have negative inotropic properties. We evaluated the effects of SR59230A, a ß(3)-antagonist, on the balance of systemic and myocardial O(2)-transport in newborn lambs treated with dopamine. METHODS: Lambs (2-5 days old, n = 12) were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Heart rate (HR) and rectal temperature were monitored. VO(2) was measured by respiratory mass spectrometry and cardiac output (CO) by a pulmonary artery transonic flowmeter. Arterial, jugular bulb venous and coronary sinus blood gases and lactate were measured to calculate DO(2), O(2) extraction ratio (ERO(2)), myocardial O(2) and lactate extraction ratios (mERO(2), mERlac). After baseline measurements, lambs were randomized to receive SR59230A at 5 mg/kg iv (SRG) or placebo. Both groups received incremental doses of a dopamine infusion (0-5-10-15-20 mcg/kg/min) every 15 min. Measurements were repeated at the end of each dose. RESULTS: After SR59230A infusion, CO and HR trended to decrease (P = 0.06), but no significant changes occurred in other parameters. Over the incremental doses of dopamine, temperature increased in both groups (P < 0.0001) but to a lesser degree in SRG (P = 0.004). CO and HR increased (P = 0.005 and 0.04) and similarly in both groups (P > 0.1). DO(2) trended to a small increase (P = 0.08). VO(2) increased in both groups (P < 0.0001) but to a lesser degree in SRG (P < 0.0001). As a result, ERO(2) increased in both groups (P < 0.0001), but to a lesser degree in SRG (P < 0.0001). mERO(2) was lower in SRG (P = 0.01) with a faster increase (P < 0.0001). mERlac was higher in SRG (P = 0.06) with a faster decrease (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Although SR59230A tends to induce an initial drop in CO, it significantly attenuates the rise in VO(2) and hence the imbalance of systemic and myocardial O(2) transport induced by dopamine at higher doses. Studies are warranted to examine the effect of SR59230A in cases of cardiac dysfunction and increased VO(2), observed after cardiac surgery.

Improved renal recovery with postresuscitation N-acetylcysteine treatment in asphyxiated newborn pigs.

Renal injury is one of the severe and common complications that occurs early in neonates with asphyxia, and reactive oxygen species have been implicated to play an important role on its pathogenesis. Improved renal recovery has been shown previously with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) in various acute kidney injuries. Using a subacute swine model of neonatal hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R), we examined whether NAC can sustain its beneficial effect on renal recovery for 48 h. Newborn piglets were randomly assigned into a sham-operated group (without H/R, n = 6) and two H/R experimental groups (n = 8 each) with 2 h normocapnic alveolar hypoxia and 1 h 100% oxygen of reoxygenation followed by 21% oxygen for 47 h. Five minutes after reoxygenation, piglets received either normal saline (H/R control) or NAC (150-mg/kg bolus and 20 mg/kg per hour i.v. for 24 h) in a blinded, randomized fashion. All piglets were acidotic and in cardiogenic shock after hypoxia. Treating the piglets with NAC significantly increased both renal blood flow and oxygen delivery throughout the reoxygenation period. N-acetyl-l-cysteine treatment also improved the renal function with the attenuation of elevated urinary N-acetyl-ß-d-glucosaminidase activity and plasma creatinine concentration observed in H/R controls (both P < 0.05). The tissue levels of lipid hydroperoxides and caspase 3 in the kidney of NAC-treated animals were significantly lower than those of H/R controls. Conclusively, postresuscitation administration of NAC elicits a prolonged beneficial effect in improving renal functional recovery and reducing oxidative stress in newborn piglets with H/R insults for 48 h.

[Effects of phenolic alkaloids of Menispermum dauricum on the hemodynamics and coronary circulation in anesthetized dog].

AIM: To observe the effect of phenolic alkaloids of Menispermum dauricum (PAMD) on the hemodynamics, coronary circulation and oxygen metabolism of the myocardium in anesthetized dogs. METHODS: In this study, the changes of LVSP, LVEDP and +/- dp/dtmax, the flow of coronary artery and myocardial energy metabolism were measured in anesthetized dog with PAMD or NS. RESULTS: In the anesthetized dogs, compared with pre-treatment status, PAMD at 3.5 and 7.0 mg.kg-1 caused decreases in the left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP), +/- dp/dtmax, heart rate, the rate of oxygen utilization, the coronary and general peripheral resistance. It was found to increase myocardial oxygen and coronary flow. There were no significant change in the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP). CONCLUSION: PAMD can ameliorate hemodynamics, coronary circulation and myocardial metabolism.