Relationship between morning blood pressure variability and cerebral microbleed burden in patients with hypertension.

Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) can be understood as a type of target organ damage caused by hypertension. We aimed to explore the association of the CMB burden with morning blood pressure (BP) variability in patients with hypertension. We divided patients with hypertension into two groups: a group with 1-10 CMBs and a group with more than 10 CMBs. The duration, grade, medication, and control of hypertension were recorded in all patients. Morning home BP measurements were performed every 3 days for a month. A total of 791 patients were recruited. Full factor model analysis showed that higher morning home diastolic BP variability (standard deviation [SD], OR = 1.080, 95% CI: 1.024-1.140, P = .005; coefficient of variation [CV], OR = 1.076, 95% CI: 1.028-1.128, P = .002) was associated with more than 10 CMBs. Morning home systolic and diastolic blood pressure variability (SD, CV, average real variability) in more than 10 non-lobar CMBs group was significantly higher than that in 1-10 non-lobar CMBs group (P < .05).The multivariate analysis showed higher morning home diastolic blood pressure variability (SD, OR = 1.124, 95% CI: 1.031-1.224, P = .008; CV, OR = 1.099, 95% CI: 1.019-1.186, P = .015; average real variability, OR = 1.055, 95% CI: 0.995-1.120, P = .075) was associated with more than 10 non-lobar CMBs. There was no significant relationship between morning home systolic blood pressure variability and more than 10 non-lobar CMBs (P > .05). Higher morning home diastolic blood pressure variability was associated with more than 10 CMBs and more than 10 non-lobar CMBs.

Machine Learning Prediction of Autism Spectrum Disorder Through Linking Mothers' and Children's Electronic Health Record Data.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically diagnosed in children. Early detection of ASD, particularly in girls who are often diagnosed late, can aid long-term development for children. We aimed to develop machine learning models for predicting ASD diagnosis in children, both boys and girls, using child-mother linked electronic health records (EHRs) data from a large clinical research network. Model features were children and mothers' risk factors in EHRs, including maternal health factors. We tested XGBoost and logistic regression with Random Oversampling (ROS) and Random Undersampling (RUS) to address imbalanced data. Logistic regression with RUS considering a three-year observation window for children's risk factors achieved the best performance for predicting ASD among the overall study population (AUROC = 0.798), boys (AUROC = 0.786), and girls (AUROC = 0.791). We calculated SHAP values to quantify the impacts of important clinical and sociodemographic risk factors.

The Burden of Cancer and Pre-cancerous Conditions Among Transgender Individuals in a Large Healthcare Network.

The current study aimed to examine the prevalence of and risk factors for cancer and pre-cancerous conditions, comparing transgender and cisgender individuals, using 2012-2023 electronic health record data from a large healthcare system. We identified 2,745 transgender individuals using a previously validated computable phenotype and 54,900 matched cisgender individuals. We calculated the prevalence of cancer and pre-cancer related to human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tobacco, alcohol, lung, breast, colorectum, and built multivariable logistic models to examine the association between gender identity and the presence of cancer or pre-cancer. Results indicated similar odds of developing cancer across gender identities, but transgender individuals exhibited significantly higher risks for pre-cancerous conditions, including alcohol-related, breast, and colorectal pre-cancers compared to cisgender women, and HPV-related, tobacco-related, alcohol-related, and colorectal pre-cancers compared to cisgender men. These findings underscore the need for tailored interventions and policies addressing cancer health disparities affecting the transgender population.

Feasibility of Identifying Factors Related to Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia in Real-World Data.

A comprehensive view of factors associated with AD/ADRD will significantly aid in studies to develop new treatments for AD/ADRD and identify high-risk populations and patients for prevention efforts. In our study, we summarized the risk factors for AD/ADRD by reviewing existing meta-analyses and review articles on risk and preventive factors for AD/ADRD. In total, we extracted 477 risk factors in 10 categories from 537 studies. We constructed an interactive knowledge map to disseminate our study results. Most of the risk factors are accessible from structured Electronic Health Records (EHRs), and clinical narratives show promise as information sources. However, evaluating genomic risk factors using RWD remains a challenge, as genetic testing for AD/ADRD is still not a common practice and is poorly documented in both structured and unstructured EHRs. Considering the constantly evolving research on AD/ADRD risk factors, literature mining via NLP methods offers a solution to automatically update our knowledge map.

Thrombolysis with Recombinant Human Prourokinase 4.5-6 h After Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Phase IIa, Randomized, and Open-Label Multicenter Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke is a major cause of disability and death worldwide. A narrow therapeutic window profoundly constrained the utilization of alteplase. OBJECTIVES: To investigate therapeutic effects and safety of intravenous recombinant human prourokinase (rhPro-UK) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the 4.5-6 h therapeutic time windows. METHODS: We conducted a phase IIa, randomized, and open-label multicenter clinical trial. Between 4.5 and 6 h after the onset of AIS, patients were randomly administrated to receive intravenous rhPro-UK at a 50 mg or 35 mg dose. The primary endpoint was excellent functional outcome defined as modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 1 or less at 90 days. The secondary outcome was the treatment response, which was based on an at least 4-point improvement from baseline National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score at 24 h after drug administration. Safety endpoints included death, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and other serious adverse events. RESULTS: We enrolled 80 patients in the 4.5-6 h therapeutic time windows at 17 medical centers in China from December 2016 to November 2017. A total of 39 patients were treated with 50 mg rhPro-UK, and 39 were treated with 35 mg rhPro-UK. Compared with the baseline, the NIHSS score at 24 h and days 7, 14, 30, and 90 was decreased significantly among patients treated with either rhPro-UK 50 mg or 35 mg. The mean reduction in the NIHSS from baseline to 90 days after the onset was 3.56 and 5.79 in the rhPro-UK 50 mg group and the rhPro-UK 35 mg group, respectively. The rates of functional independence at 90 days of rhPro-UK 50 mg and 35 mg were 61.54% and 69.23%, respectively (P = 0.475), and the proportion of patients with functional response to treatment at 24 h were 28.21% and 33.33% (P = 0.624). No sICH occurred in the two groups, and death occurred in only one patient in the rhPro-UK 50 mg group. There was no significant difference in mortality at 90 days and the rate of other serious adverse events between two groups. CONCLUSION: In the 4.5-6 h time window, more than 60% of patients at either dose of rhPro-UK (50 mg or 35 mg) achieved functional independence at 90 days without increased mortality and sICH risk. Thus, intravenous rhPro-UK was effective and safe for patients with AIS within 4.5-6 h after stroke onset. While no significant differences were identified between different dosages of rhPro-UK regarding clinical outcomes, it is a logical step to further test the safety and efficacy of the low dose of rhPro-UK in a well-powered phase III study. TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.chictr.org.cn . Identifier: ChiCTR1800016519. Date of registration: 6 June 2018.

Piezo-phototronic effect regulated broadband photoresponse of a-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction.

Amorphous Ga2O3 (a-Ga2O3) films have attracted considerable attention in the field of photodetectors due to their excellent optical absorption response and photoelectric properties. However, there are few studies that have utilized the piezo-phototronic effect to regulate the broadband photoresponse of Ga2O3-based photodetectors. Here, a flexible a-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction was constructed, which demonstrated a broadband response range from deep ultraviolet (265 nm) to the near-infrared (1060 nm) and realized a bidirectional adjustable photocurrent response via the piezo-phototronic effect. Under 265 nm illumination and 0.5 V bias, the responsivity and detectivity of the a-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction reached up to 12.19 A W-1 and 4.71 × 1011 Jones under 0.164% compressive strain, corresponding to enhancements of 67.7% and 66.8% compared to those under a strain-free state, respectively. Moreover, the broadband photoresponse of the a-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction beyond the bandgap limit was tunable under bidirectional strain. The working mechanism of photoresponse performance for the a-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction at different wavelengths was elucidated in detail. Oxygen vacancy-assisted carrier generation was found to be influenced by the wavelength of incident light, which mainly determined the broadband photoresponse of the heterojunction. The modulation of the a-Ga2O3/ZnO heterojunction photodetector was interpreted in light of the strain-induced regulation of the barrier height. This work represents an important step toward the development of adjustable broadband photodetectors based on a-Ga2O3 films.

A Computable Phenotype for the Identification of Sexual and Gender Minorities in Electronic Health Records.

Sexual gender minorities, including lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals face unique challenges due to discrimination, stigma, and marginalization, which negatively impact their well-being. Electronic health record (EHR) systems present an opportunity for LGB research, but accurately identifying LGB individuals in EHRs is challenging. Our study developed and validated a rule-based computable phenotype (CP) to identify LGB individuals and their subgroups using both structured data and unstructured clinical narratives from a large integrated health system. Validating against a sample of 537 chart-reviewed patients, our three best performing CP algorithms balancing different performance metrics, each achieved sensitivity of 1.000, PPV of 0.982, and F1-score of 0.875 in identifying LGB individuals, respectively. Applying the three best-performing CPs, our study also found that the LGB population is younger and experiences a disproportionate burden of adverse health outcomes, particularly mental health distress.

The Impact of Race-Ethnicity and Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias on Mammography Use.

Breast cancer screening (BCS) with mammography is a crucial method for improving cancer survival. In this study, we examined the association of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (ADRD) diagnosis and race-ethnicity with mammography use in BCS-eligible women. In the real-world data from the OneFlorida+ Clinical Research Network, we extracted a cohort of 21,715 BCS-eligible women with ADRD and a matching comparison cohort of 65,145 BCS-eligible women without ADRD. In multivariable regression analysis, BCS-eligible women with ADRD were more likely to undergo a mammography than the BCS-eligible women without ADRD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13-1.26). Stratified by race-ethnicity, BCS-eligible Hispanic women with ADRD were more likely to undergo a mammography (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.39-1.75), whereas BCS-eligible non-Hispanic black (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.62-0.83) and non-Hispanic other (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.45-0.93) women with ADRD were less likely to undergo a mammography. This study was the first to report the impact of ADRD diagnosis and race-ethnicity on mammography use in BCS-eligible women using real-world data. Our results suggest ADRD patients might be undergoing BCS without detailed guidelines to maximize benefits and avoid harms.

Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Human Prourokinase in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Phase IIa Randomized Clinical Trial.

Recombinant human prourokinase (rhPro-UK) is a novel thrombolytic that has been approved to treat patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, the safety and efficacy of intravenous rhPro-UK in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has not been well established. We aimed to investigate the safety and preliminary efficacy of rhPro-UK in patients with AIS in a multi-center phase IIa trial setting. One hundred nineteen patients within 4.5 h of AIS onset were enrolled in this randomized, open-label, 23-center phase IIa clinical trial. Patients were randomly assigned to 35 mg (n = 40) or 50 mg (n = 39) intravenous rhPro-UK or 0.9 mg/kg recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA; n = 40). The primary endpoint was functional independence defined as a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 0 or 1 at 90 days. The secondary outcome was early neurological improvement defined as a reduction of ≥ 4 points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score from baseline to 24 h after drug administration. Safety endpoints included death due to any cause, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and other serious adverse events (SAEs). The proportion of patients with an mRS score of ≤ 1 at 90 days did not differ significantly among three groups (35 mg rhPro-UK: 55.56% vs. 50 mg rhPro-UK: 57.89% vs. vs. r-tPA: 52.63%; P = 0.92). The rates of treatment response, referring to early neurological improvement, were similar among these three groups (36.11% vs. 31.58% vs. 28.95%, respectively; P = 0.85). There was no difference in mortality at 90 days or in the rate of other SAEs among the three groups. One patient in the 50 mg rhPro-UK group suffered sICH. While neither the primary efficacy outcomes nor safety profile differed significantly among the low, high rhPro-UK and control groups, it is a logical step to further test the low-dose rhPro-UK group versus the control group in a well-powered phase III study.Trial Registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn . Identifier: ChiCTR1800016519. Date of registration: June 6 2018.

Clinical Prediction Model for Screening Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With More Than 10 Cerebral Microbleeds.

Background: Hemorrhagic transformation is one of the most serious complications in intravenous thrombolysis. Studies show that the existence of more than 10 cerebral microbleeds is strongly associated with hemorrhagic transformation. The current study attempts to develop and validate a clinical prediction model of more than 10 cerebral microbleeds. Methods: We reviewed the computed tomography markers of cerebral small vessel diseases and the basic clinical information of acute ischemic stroke patients who were investigated using susceptibility weighted imaging from 2018 to 2021. A clinical prediction model of more than 10 cerebral microbleeds was established. Discrimination, calibration, and the net benefit of the model were assessed. Finally, a validation was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and stability of the model. Results: The multivariate logistic regression model showed hypertension, and some computed tomography markers (leukoaraiosis, lacunar infarctions, brain atrophy) were independent risk factors of more than 10 cerebral microbleeds. These risk factors were used for establishing the clinical prediction model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.894 (95% CI: 0.870-0.919); Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-squared test yielded χ2 = 3.946 (P = 0.862). The clinical decision cure of the model was higher than the two extreme lines. The simplified score of the model ranged from 0 to 12. The model in the internal and external validation cohort also had good discrimination (AUC 0.902, 95% CI: 0.868-0.937; AUC 0.914, 95% CI: 0.882-0.945) and calibration (P = 0.157, 0.247), and patients gained a net benefit from the model. Conclusions: We developed and validated a simple scoring tool for acute ischemic stroke patients with more than 10 cerebral microbleeds; this tool may be beneficial for paradigm decision regarding intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy of acute ischemic stroke.

Unilateral cerebral cortical encephalitis (CCE) with positive anti-MOG antibodies: A case report.

RATIONALE: Nowadays, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is regarded as an independent inflammatory demyelinating disease. Here, we report a rare case of unilateral cerebral cortical encephalitis (CCE) with positive anti-MOG antibodies. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 19-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital owing to acute onset fever and headache. Four days later, she experienced a focal seizure that progressed to generalized tonic-clonic seizures. DIAGNOSIS: Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated cortical lesions in the left cerebral hemisphere on T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging. The patient was positive for anti-MOG antibodies in serum and diagnosed with anti-MOG antibody-associated unilateral CCE. INTERVENTIONS: She was administrated with intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral corticosteroids. OUTCOMES: On day 14 after admission, a repeat MRI revealed partial resolution of the initial abnormalities. The patient received a quick recovery without residual symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral CCE with positive anti-MOG antibodies has emerged as a special clinical phenotype of MOGAD. It should be emphasized that the characteristic neuroradiological features of CCE would be an important clue to the correct diagnosis of MOGAD.

Data and Model Biases in Social Media Analyses: A Case Study of COVID-19 Tweets.

During the coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19), social media platforms such as Twitter have become a venue for individuals, health professionals, and government agencies to share COVID-19 information. Twitter has been a popular source of data for researchers, especially for public health studies. However, the use of Twitter data for research also has drawbacks and barriers. Biases appear everywhere from data collection methods to modeling approaches, and those biases have not been systematically assessed. In this study, we examined six different data collection methods and three different machine learning (ML) models-commonly used in social media analysis-to assess data collection bias and measure ML models' sensitivity to data collection bias. We showed that (1) publicly available Twitter data collection endpoints with appropriate strategies can collect data that is reasonably representative of the Twitter universe; and (2) careful examinations of ML models' sensitivity to data collection bias are critical.

Exploring Lung Cancer Screening Discussions on Twitter.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening (LCS) can reduce lung cancer deaths by 20% compared to chest x-rays. Nevertheless, the uptake of LDCT is low for high-risk smokers. In this study we used Twitter data to understand laypeople's emotions towards LCS, find topics on LCS-related tweets, and assess the impact of promotional information on laypeople's discussions.

Downregulation of microRNA­451 improves cell migration, invasion and tube formation in hypoxia­treated HUVECs by targeting MIF.

Angiogenesis is a critical process of recovery from cerebrovascular disease. A growing body of evidence has confirmed that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have an important role in the modulation of angiogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions including cerebral ischemia injury (CII). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the function and mechanism of microRNAs in regulating angiogenesis using a cell model of CII. Firstly, a miRNA microarray was performed to analyze miRNA expression in serum samples from patients with cerebral ischemia and the results revealed that miR­451 was one of the miRNAs that was the most significantly downregulated. Subsequently, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used as an in vitro model to further explore the mechanisms governing angiogenesis during hypoxia. The results demonstrated that overexpression of miR­451 had a significantly anti­angiogenic effect by suppressing tube formation, migration and wound healing in vitro. By contrast, reducing the expression of miR­451 promoted HUVEC migration and tubulogenesis under normoxic conditions. The present study further identified that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), an important angiogenic regulator, was a novel target of miR­451 that could reverse the effects of miR­451 on the regulation of angiogenesis in HUVECs under hypoxic or normoxic conditions. These results revealed that downregulation of miR­451 promotes angiogenesis by targeting MIF in hypoxic HUVECs and indicated that miR­451 is a potential candidate for CII therapeutics.

Hemoglobin level and three-month clinical outcomes among ischemic stroke patients with elevated systolic blood pressure.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported that extreme low and high hemoglobin levels are positively associated with the risk of ischemic stroke. However, there are few reports on the relationship between hemoglobin at acute phase and clinical outcomes after ischemic stroke and the results of their association to date are inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the association between them in a large prospective cohort of ischemic stroke patients. METHODS: Baseline hemoglobin levels were measured in 3881 patients with acute ischemic stroke. The primary outcome was defined as composite outcome of major disability and death (modified Rankin Scale score ≥ 3) at 3 months after stroke onset. Secondary outcomes were separately those of major disability and death. RESULTS: Compared with the lowest quartile of hemoglobin, the multivariate adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) associated with the highest quartile were 1.38 (1.03-1.86), 1.49 (1.11-1.99), 0.79 (0.41-1.52) for primary outcome, major disability and death, respectively. Multiple-adjusted spline regression model showed linear associations of hemoglobin levels with primary outcome (P for linearity =0.037) and major disability (P for linearity =0.004). Subgroup analyses further confirmed the positive association between high hemoglobin and poor prognosis of ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated hemoglobin levels in the acute phase were associated with poor prognosis at 3 months after ischemic stroke. Further prospective studies from other samples of ischemic stroke patients are needed to validate our findings.

Prognostic significance of serum cystatin C in acute ischemic stroke patients according to lipid component levels.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Serum cystatin C (CysC) is associated with the risk of ischemic stroke and may predict cardiovascular events and death after ischemic stroke onset. However, the association between serum CysC and functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients remains unclear, and whether lipid component level influences the relationship between them has not been studied. METHODS: A total of 3348 ischemic patients from China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke were included in the study. Serum CysC was used to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRCysC) at baseline. The primary outcome was poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3) at one year after ischemic stroke. Secondary outcomes were death, stroke recurrence, vascular events and combination of the aforementioned outcomes. RESULTS: The association between eGFRCysC and primary outcome was appreciably modified by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (pinteraction = 0.048). Low eGFRCysC was associated with primary outcome only in ischemic stroke patients with LDL-C ≥4.14 mmol/l rather than all patients. The multivariable adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of poor functional outcome associated with low eGFRCysC was 3.94 (1.04-14.98) and a positive linear dose-response relationship between them was observed among patients with LDL-C ≥4.14 mmol/l (p for linearity = 0.021). Subgroup analyses further confirmed these associations. There was no association between eGFR based on serum creatinine and poor functional outcome of stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Low eGFRCysC may be an independent predictor for 1-year poor functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients with LDL-C ≥4.14 mmol/l. Further studies are needed to replicate our findings and to clarify the potential mechanisms.

Early antihypertensive treatment and clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke: subgroup analysis by baseline blood pressure.

BACKGROUND: We studied the effect of early antihypertensive treatment on death, major disability, and vascular events among patients with acute ischemic stroke according to their baseline SBP. METHODS: We randomly assigned 4071 acute ischemic stroke patients with SBP between 140 and less than 220 mmHg to receive antihypertensive treatment or to discontinue all antihypertensive medications during hospitalization. A composite primary outcome of death and major disability and secondary outcomes were compared between treatment and control stratified by baseline SBP levels of less than 160, 160-179, and at least 180 mmHg. RESULTS: At 24 h after randomization, differences in SBP reductions were 8.8, 8.6 and 7.8 mmHg between the antihypertensive treatment and control groups among patients with baseline SBP less than 160, 160-179, and at least 180 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.001 among subgroups). At day 14 or hospital discharge, the primary and secondary outcomes were not significantly different between the treatment and control groups among subgroups. However, there was a significant interaction between antihypertensive treatment and baseline SBP subgroups on death (P = 0.02): odds ratio (95% CI) of 2.42 (0.74-7.89) in patients with baseline SBP less than 60 mmHg and 0.34 (0.11-1.09) in those with baseline SBP at least 180 mmHg. At the 3-month follow-up, the primary and secondary clinical outcomes were not significantly different between the treatment and control groups by baseline SBP levels. CONCLUSION: Early antihypertensive treatment had a neutral effect on clinical outcomes among acute ischemic stroke patients with various baseline SBP levels. Future clinical trials are warranted to test BP-lowering effects in acute ischemic stroke patients by baseline SBP levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01840072.

Frequency-Dependent Changes in the Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations in Mild Cognitive Impairment with Mild Depression.

BACKGROUND: Depression is a potential marker of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about the abnormal characteristics revealed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects with depressive symptoms (MCI-d). OBJECTIVE: The study was to examine whether abnormalities in amplitudes of low-frequency oscillation occurred in MCI-d and tried to find the possible spectrum showed higher recognition ability to the diagnosis by utilizing functional MRI (fMRI). METHODS: The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF) within full frequency (0.01-0.1 Hz), slow-5 (0.01-0.027 Hz), and slow-4 (0.027-0.073 Hz) were computed using resting-state fMRI data of 27 MCI without depressive symptoms, 19 MCI-d, and 32 well-matched healthy controls (HC). Analysis of covariance was performed on ALFF and fALFF among MCI, MCI-d, and HC groups. RESULTS: Several brain regions showed significant differences in ALFF and fALFF within full frequency, slow-5, and slow-4 bands among three groups. Importantly, receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the ALFF values in the full frequency band in the left parahippocampal gyrus and the left precuneus, Slow 5 value in ALFF in the left inferior frontal gyrus, and Slow 4 value in ALFF in the left precuneus could effectively differentiate MCI-d from MCI patients. CONCLUSION: In this study, we found that several changes in special brain regions are associated with MCI and MCI-d patients. And the differences depend on the studied frequency bands of rs-fMRI data. The affective network and the default-mode network might be damaged simultaneously in MCI-d patients.

Effect of renal function status on the prognostic value of heart rate in acute ischemic stroke patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The association between heart rate and prognosis of ischemic stroke remains debatable, and whether renal function status influences the relationship between them is still not elucidated. METHODS: A total of 3923 ischemic stroke patients were included in this prospective multicenter study from the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke (CATIS). The primary outcome was a combination of death and major disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3) at 3 months after stroke. Secondary outcomes were, separately, death and major disability. RESULTS: The association between heart rate tertiles and primary outcome was appreciably modified by renal function status (pinteraction = 0.037). After multivariate adjustment, high heart rate was associated with increased risk of primary outcome in patients with abnormal renal function (odds ratio, 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.54; ptrend = 0.039) but not in patients with normal renal function (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-1.23; ptrend = 0.741), when two extreme tertiles were compared. Each 10 bpm increase of heart rate was associated with 21% (95% CI: 1%-44%) increased risk of primary outcome, and a linear association between heart rate and risk of primary outcome was observed among patients with abnormal renal function (p for linearity = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: High heart rate may be merely a strong predictor of poor prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients with abnormal renal function, suggesting that heart rate reduction should be applied to ischemic stroke patients with abnormal renal function to improve their prognosis.