ABSTRACT
Background: The rapid population aging in China, characterized by a higher prevalence of illnesses, earlier onset of diseases, and longer durations of living with ailments, substantially engenders challenges within the domain of older adults' healthcare. Community home-based elderly care services (CHECS) are a feasible solution to solve the problem of older adults' care and protect older adults' health. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship, heterogeneity effects and influential mechanisms between older adults' use of CHECS and their self- reported health. Methods: The study employs the Instrumental Variable technique and empirically investigates the relationship, heterogeneity effects and influential mechanisms between older adults using CHECS and their self-reported health using data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey from 2018. Results: The findings indicate, firstly, that using CHECS considerably improves older adults' self-reported health. Secondly, the heterogeneity test reveals that the effect is more pronounced for older adults who are under the age of 80, have functional disabilities, are free of chronic diseases, have never attended school, reside in lower-income households, are single, rarely interact with their children, and live in central urban or city/county regions. Thirdly, the mechanism test reveals that the "social network effect" and "family care effect" are the key influence channels of using CHECS. Conclusion: An empirical foundation for the policy reform of community home-based care for seniors is provided by this study with the limitations to discuss the other socioeconomic aspects such as government health expenditure and discuss the specific services aspects such as health care. The findings carry substantial implications for improving the health of older individuals and provide suggestions for establishing a socialized aged care system in China.
Subject(s)
Home Care Services , Child , Humans , Aged , Self Report , Aging , Delivery of Health Care , ChinaABSTRACT
Based on the detailed records on the four plague epidemics of Kunming in the Qing dynasty, there are similar epidemical characteristics, viz., epidemics occurred at a time later than its surrounding regions, severe epidemics prevalent in both urban and rural areas, massive fatalities. The massive plague epidemics during Xianfeng and Tongzhi reigns were somewhat similar to that of the severe plague epidemics of 1347 in Europe, including rapid spreading and severe fatalities. The impetus of the former epidemic was the migration of army, while that of the latter, the cities as the centers of trade passages. The epidemic pattern of Kunming around the Islamic war was similar to that of Europe in 1351, with very different background, also different from other Yunnan cities. The similarities and dissimilarities of epidemic pattern reflect the difference among the social structure and natural surroundings of different locations.
Subject(s)
Epidemics , Plague , China , HumansSubject(s)
Disinfection , Government Agencies , History, 20th Century , Patient Isolation , Plague , Public Health , China , Disinfection/history , Disinfection/legislation & jurisprudence , Government Agencies/history , Government Agencies/legislation & jurisprudence , History, 19th Century , Patient Isolation/history , Patient Isolation/legislation & jurisprudence , Physicians/history , Physicians, Family/history , Plague/epidemiology , Plague/history , Plague/prevention & control , Public Health/historyABSTRACT
It is helpful to differentiate plague from other infectious diseases from the point of view of ordinary people and medical practitioners, by observing and studying how they observed the activities of rats, described symptoms of patients, and named plague. Although they had well known about such knowledge, they did not distinguish this disease from others and various names were existed.
