Interval training for cardiopulmonary fitness of college students: a network Meta-analysis / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To compare the effects of different types of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity steady training on improving cardiorespiratory fitness of college students, and to provide evidence supporting intervention methods for health promotion of college students.@*Methods@#By using the method of Meta-analysis, Web of science, PubMed, Scopus and CNKI database was searched for randomized control trails regarding high-intensity intervention (HIIT), repeated-sprint training (RST) and sprint-interval training (SIT) among sedentary college students in April 1, 2020. Two independent researchers conducted literature filtering, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, as well as traditional Meta-analysis and network Meta-analysis by using Stata software version 16.0.@*Results@#A total of 21 articles and 728 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that HIIT (SMD=0.35, 95%CI=0.10-0.60, P<0.05) and SIT (SMD=0.38, 95%CI=0.05-0.70, P<0.05) were significantly better than MICT, there was no statistical difference in RST (SMD=-0.08, 95%CI=-0.41-0.25, P>0.05) compared with MICT; HIIT (SMD=0.40, 95%CI=0.08-0.72, P<0.05) and SIT (SMD=0.35, 95%CI=0.03-0.67, P<0.05) were significantly better than RST, there was no significant difference between HIIT and SIT(SMD=0.05, 95%CI=-0.25-0.36, P>0.05). The ranking of the four training methods for improving the effect size of VO 2max index was HIIT>SIT>RST>MICT.@*Conclusion@#The overall effect of high intensity interval training on VO 2max is better than MICT, and HIIT training may be the best.

Epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2018 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2018, so as to provide scientific basis for the development of the control strategy for imported malaria. Methods The epidemiological data of malaria cases in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2018 were retrieved from the Notifiable Disease Reporting System and Parasitic Disease Information Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the classification, origin of infections, temporal distribution, spatial distribution, population distribution, reporting institutions and diagnosis were analyzed. Results A total of 540 overseas imported malaria cases were reported in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2018, and all cases were laboratory-confirmed, including 398 cases with falciparum malaria, 88 cases with vivax malaria, 38 cases with ovale malaria, 14 cases with malariae malaria and 2 cases with mixed infections. There were 90.56% (489/540) of the imported malaria cases with infections in 27 African countries, 5.92% (32/540) with infections in 5 Asian countries and 3.52% (19/540) with infections in one Oceania country. There was no significant seasonal distribution of the cases, and the imported malaria cases were predominantly detected in Fuzhou City (80.00%, 432/540) and at ages of 20 to 49 years (81.48%, 440/540). Initial diagnosis was predominantly at the city-level medical institutions, and 77.96% (421/540) were diagnosed as malaria at the initial diagnosis institutions. The median duration from onset to initial diagnosis was 2 days and 70.19% (379/540) were diagnosed within 3 days of onset. The interval between initial diagnosis and definitive diagnosis was 0 day, with 85.37% (461/540) definitively diagnosed within 3 days of initial diagnosis. Conclusions Overseas imported malaria is a continuous problem challenging the malaria elimination programme of Fujian Province. Improving the healthcare-seeking awareness and the diagnostic capability of healthcare workers, and intensifying the monitoring and management of malaria among overseas labors are strongly recommended.

[Diagnosis and treatment of an imported case of schistosomiasis haematobium].

OBJECTIVE: To report the diagnosis and treatment of an imported case of schistosomiasis haematobium, including the pathological features of the disease and therapeutic efficacy of praziquantel. METHODS: The data of the patient with schistosomiasis haematobium were collected, and the pathological features of the bladder tissue were observed under a microscope. More-over, the patient was treated with praziquantel, and his urine was collected before and after the treatment. The eggs in the urine were examined by a microscope after sediment and the miracidia were hatched. RESULTS: The patient once worked in Angola for three months, and after returning home he had the symptoms of intermittent painless terminal hematuresis. It was ineffective after anti-inflammatory treatment in a number of hospitals. There were no sand spots discovered under the cystoscope. However, the inflammatory reaction to parasite with a lot of eosinophils infiltration in the bladder mucosa was found on the pathological sections under a microscope, and the egg structure was observed with individual characteristics. The eggs were detected in the urine and the miracidia were hatched before the praziquantel treatment. The hematuria symptoms disappeared after the praziquantel treatment. The eggs were still detected in the urine 7 days post-treatment, but the miracidium could not be hatched. One month and 6 months post-treatment, the eggs were not detected in the urine. CONCLUSIONS: The imported cases of schistosomiasis haematobium are often misdiagnosed, and therefore, it is necessary to strength the health education to the workers overseas and also to improve the ability of diagnosis in medical staff. For the case reported in this paper, there are typical structure of Schistosoma haematobium eggs and egg-granulomas on the pathological sections of bladder tissues. Praziquantel has satisfactory treatment results.

[Effects of probucol, aspirin and atorvastatin combination therapy upon atherosclerosis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of probucol, aspirin and atorvastatin (PAS) combination therapy upon atherosclerosis. METHODS: A total of 436 patients with coronary artery disease were selected and randomly divided into control group (aspirin 100 mg, atorvastatin 10 mg daily) and PAS group (aspirin 100 mg, atorvastatin 10 mg and probucol 0.25 g daily). After a 1-year treatment course, 378 cases remained in the study (201 in control group vs. 177 in PAS group). These patients were followed for throughout the study course and their serum levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL), ox-LDL, TXB2 and MMP-9 were measured at 6 and 12 months respectively. Twenty cases were diagnosed with carotid artery plaque by carotid ultrasound and 16 cases remained in the PAS group. They were followed with ultrasound for plaque thickness. RESULTS: In the control group, the pre-treatment level of MMPs and ox-LDL were not statistically different from the post-treatment level (P > 0.05). In the PAS group, the pre-treatment level of ox-LDL was (23.46 +/- 0.01) mmol/L and the post-treatment level (16.13 +/- 0.02) mmol/L. There was a decrease of 31.7% (P < 0.05). The pre-treatment level of MMPs and MMP-9 in the control group was not statistically different from the post-treatment level. The pre-treatment level of MMP-9 in the PAS group was (7.15 +/- 0.01) mmol/L and the post-treatment level (4.19 +/- 0.02) mmol/L. There was a decrease of 42.4% (P < 0.05). During the course of follow-up, the hospitalization rate, angina recurrence rate, myocardial infarction rate and mortality rate for the control group were 23 (11.4%), 28 (13.9%), 4 (2.0%) and 2 (1.0%) respectively. In the PAS group, the corresponding values were 6 (3.4%), 13 (7.3%), 1 (0.6%) and 0 respectively. All parameters of adverse events showed a significant decrease in the PAS group (P < 0.05). Among the cases with carotid plaque, the pretreatment measurements of intima thickness and plaque thickness were (0.103 +/- 0.002) cm and (0.248 +/- 0.001) cm while the post-treatment corresponding measurements (0.097 +/- 0.001) cm and (0.209 +/- 0.002) cm respectively. There was a significant difference between the PAS group and the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Antioxidant probucol significantly inhibits the generation of ox-LDL and MMP-9. PAS therapy also reduces the plaque thickness and decreases the rate of adverse event in patients with atherosclerosis. Antioxidants can be considered as a new adjunct therapy in the treatment of atherosclerosis.

[Inhibitory effect of N-acetylcysteine upon atherosclerotic processes in rabbit carotid].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) upon matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in the atherosclerotic processes in rabbit carotid. METHODS: The atherosclerotic models were generated in vitro by injuring rabbit internal carotid with arterial canal balloon. These rabbits were divided into 3 groups (15 mg/kg NAC, 30 mg/kg NAC and control group) and treated for 8 weeks. HE staining and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the plaque formation and the distribution of MMPs and ox-LDL. ELISA was used to detect the level of ox-LDL. And the protein levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in rabbit venous blood were detected by SDS PAGE zymography. The mRNA level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured by RT-PCR and electrophoresis. RESULTS: As compared with the control group, NAC (15 mg/kg) group had a reduction of neointima of arterial lumen [(1.79 +/- 0.24) vs (2.78 +/- 0.17) mm2]. A decrease of endothelial thickness [(0.16 +/- 0.01) vs (0.24 +/- 0.02) mm2] and an increase of vascular cavity transverse [(0.58 +/- 0.10) vs (0.33 +/- 0.1) mm2] (P < 0.05) were observed. At week 8, the oxLDL levels decreased by 16% in NAC (30 mg/kg) group [(30.5 +/- 1.2) vs (36.2 +/- 1.8) mmol/L] (P < 0.01). Serum levels of pro-MMP-2, MMP-2 and pro-MMP-9 decreased markedly [INT/mm2: (311 +/- 19, 208 +/- 8, 283 +/- 7 vs 619 +/- 17, 574 +/- 8, 564 +/- 10) respectively, P < 0.01] in NAC (30 mg/kg) group. The levels of mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were (2.4 +/- 0.4, 2.8 +/- 0.2) vs (3.4 +/- 0.3, 3.7 +/- 0.5) respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: NAC inhibits the atherosclerotic formation, suppresses the levels of ox-LDL, MMP-9 and MMP-2 and downgrades the expression of matrix metalloproteinase mRNA.