Rapid review: A review of methods and recommendations based on current evidence.

Rapid review (RR) could accelerate the traditional systematic review (SR) process by simplifying or omitting steps using various shortcuts. With the increasing popularity of RR, numerous shortcuts had emerged, but there was no consensus on how to choose the most appropriate ones. This study conducted a literature search in PubMed from inception to December 21, 2023, using terms such as "rapid review" "rapid assessment" "rapid systematic review" and "rapid evaluation". We also scanned the reference lists and performed citation tracking of included impact studies to obtain more included studies. We conducted a narrative synthesis of all RR approaches, shortcuts and studies assessing their effectiveness at each stage of RRs. Based on the current evidence, we provided recommendations on utilizing certain shortcuts in RRs. Ultimately, we identified 185 studies focusing on summarizing RR approaches and shortcuts, or evaluating their impact. There was relatively sufficient evidence to support the use of the following shortcuts in RRs: limiting studies to those published in English-language; conducting abbreviated database searches (e.g., only searching PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL); omitting retrieval of grey literature; restricting the search timeframe to the recent 20 years for medical intervention and the recent 15 years for reviewing diagnostic test accuracy; conducting a single screening by an experienced screener. To some extent, the above shortcuts were also applicable to SRs. This study provided a reference for future RR researchers in selecting shortcuts, and it also presented a potential research topic for methodologists.

Burnout in emergency medicine physicians: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Physician burnout has been a global problem that affects severely the mental status among doctors, especially in emergency medicine (EM). However, few studies have focused on emergency medicine physicians, and the published data are inconsistent. Thus, this meta-analysis is performed to systematically evaluate the prevalence of burnout among emergency medicine physicians. METHODS: We systematically searched databases including PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO and the Cochrane Library from inception to September, 2019 for English-language articles. We selected all the original articles those used Maslach Burnout Inventory to assess the prevalence of burnout and its 3 dimensions emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization, and personal accomplishment (PA) in emergency medicine physicians. After literature screening, quality evaluation was performed for eligible studies by using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for studies reporting prevalence data; then, Begg test and Egger test was used to assess publication bias. Pooled prevalence rates were assessed by conducting a meta-analysis using random effects models. Then sensitivity analysis followed to test the stability of the result and detected the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS: A total of 1943 EM physicians provided burnout data. The pooled prevalence rates of high levels of emotional exhaustion, high levels of depersonalization and low levels of PA were 40% (95% CI: 26%-55%; I = 97.4%), 41% (95% CI: 30%-52%; I = 94.5%) and 35% (95% CI: 19%-52%; I = 99.0%), respectively. The mean burnout scores were 23.95 (SD = 11.88) for emotional exhaustion, 11.63 (SD = 6.85) for depersonalization, and 34.69 (SD = 7.71) for PA. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis demonstrate a high level of burnout prevalent in EM physicians that approximately 40% experience high levels of EE and depersonalization. Our findings also suggest that EM physicians are more susceptible to burnout compared with physicians in other departments and other medical staffs in EM. More attention should be payed to mental status of EM physicians and further investigation concerning how to reduce burnout would be beneficial for EM physicians.Registration: INPLASY202060060 in inplasy.com (doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.6.0060).

Factors associated with seizure-related motor vehicle accidents among patients with epilepsy in West China.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the relevant demographics and clinical factors contributing to seizure-related motor vehicle accidents in west China. METHODS: All driving patients who visited our epilepsy clinic in the West China Hospital, between October 2012 and October 2016, were invited to participate. Data on social demographics, clinical features, and motor vehicle accidents were collected during structured interviews. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with seizure-related motor vehicle accidents. RESULTS: In total, 519 patients reported driving after being diagnosed with epilepsy. Among them, thirty-nine (7.5%) patients experienced at least one seizure-related motor vehicle accidents. Patients who had seizure-free intervals ≥2 years had a 89% reduced chance of crashing compared to patients with shorter intervals. Logistic regression revealed that the interval of seizure freedom (B = -0.384, P = 0.007), number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) taken (B = 0.400, P = 0.041), and type of motor vehicle (B = 0.798, P = 0.021) were independently associated with seizure-related motor vehicle accidents. CONCLUSION: The interval of seizure freedom, number of AEDs taken, and type of motor vehicle should be considered when counseling patients with epilepsy on driving. A longer seizure-free interval suggested a compromised risk of seizure-related motor vehicle accidents.