The LIDPAD Mouse Model Captures the Multisystem Interactions and Extrahepatic Complications in MASLD.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents an impending global health challenge. Current management strategies often face setbacks, emphasizing the need for preclinical models that faithfully mimic the human disease and its comorbidities. The liver disease progression aggravation diet (LIDPAD), a diet-induced murine model, extensively characterized under thermoneutral conditions and refined diets is introduced to ensure reproducibility and minimize species differences. LIDPAD recapitulates key phenotypic, genetic, and metabolic hallmarks of human MASLD, including multiorgan communications, and disease progression within 4 to 16 weeks. These findings reveal gut-liver dysregulation as an early event and compensatory pancreatic islet hyperplasia, underscoring the gut-pancreas axis in MASLD pathogenesis. A robust computational pipeline is also detailed for transcriptomic-guided disease staging, validated against multiple harmonized human hepatic transcriptomic datasets, thereby enabling comparative studies between human and mouse models. This approach underscores the remarkable similarity of the LIDPAD model to human MASLD. The LIDPAD model fidelity to human MASLD is further confirmed by its responsiveness to dietary interventions, with improvements in metabolic profiles, liver histopathology, hepatic transcriptomes, and gut microbial diversity. These results, alongside the closely aligned changing disease-associated molecular signatures between the human MASLD and LIDPAD model, affirm the model's relevance and potential for driving therapeutic development.

White adipocytes in subcutaneous fat depots require KLF15 for maintenance in preclinical models.

Healthy adipose tissue is essential for normal physiology. There are 2 broad types of adipose tissue depots: brown adipose tissue (BAT), which contains adipocytes poised to burn energy through thermogenesis, and white adipose tissue (WAT), which contains adipocytes that store lipids. However, within those types of adipose, adipocytes possess depot and cell-specific properties that have important implications. For example, the subcutaneous and visceral WAT confers divergent risk for metabolic disease. Further, within a depot, different adipocytes can have distinct properties; subcutaneous WAT can contain adipocytes with either white or brown-like (beige) adipocyte properties. However, the pathways that regulate and maintain this cell and depot-specificity are incompletely understood. Here, we found that the transcription factor KLF15 is required for maintaining white adipocyte properties selectively within the subcutaneous WAT. We revealed that deletion of Klf15 is sufficient to induce beige adipocyte properties and that KLF15's direct regulation of Adrb1 is a critical molecular mechanism for this process. We uncovered that this activity is cell autonomous but has systemic implications in mouse models and is conserved in primary human adipose cells. Our results elucidate a pathway for depot-specific maintenance of white adipocyte properties that could enable the development of therapies for obesity and associated diseases.

Comparison of the therapeutic effects of three minimally invasive approaches for laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with common bile duct exploration-- a 5-year retrospective analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective study was to explore the indications for three minimally invasive approaches-T-tube external drainage, double J-tube internal drainage, and primary closure-in laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with common bile duct exploration. METHODS: Three hundred eighty-nine patients with common bile duct stones who were treated at the Second People's Hospital of Hefei between February 2018 and January 2023 were retrospectively included. Patients were divided into three groups based on the surgical approach used: the T-tube drainage group, the double J-tube internal drainage group, and the primary closure group. General data, including sex, age, and BMI, were compared among the three groups preoperatively. Surgical time, length of hospital stay, pain scores, and other aspects were compared among the three groups. Differences in liver function, inflammatory factors, and postoperative complications were also compared among the three groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the three groups in terms of sex, age, BMI, or other general data preoperatively (P > 0.05). There were significant differences between the primary closure group and the T-tube drainage group in terms of surgical time and pain scores (P < 0.05). The primary closure group and double J-tube drainage group differed from the T-tube drainage group in terms of length of hospital stay, hospitalization expenses, and time to passage of gas (P <0.05). Among the three groups, there were no statistically significant differences in inflammatory factors or liver function, TBIL, AST, ALP, ALT, GGT, CRP, or IL-6, before surgery or on the third day after surgery (P > 0.05). However, on the third day after surgery, liver function in all three groups was significantly lower than that before surgery (P<0.05). In all three groups, the levels of CRP and IL-6 were significantly lower than their preoperative levels. The primary closure group had significantly lower CRP and IL-6 levels than did the T-tube drainage group (P < 0.05). The primary closure group differed from the T-tube drainage group in terms of the incidences of bile leakage and electrolyte imbalance (P < 0.05). The double J-tube drainage group differed from the T-tube drainage group in terms of the tube dislodgement rate (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although primary closure of the bile ducts has clear advantages in terms of length of hospital stay and hospitalization expenses, it is associated with a higher incidence of postoperative complications, particularly bile leakage. T-tube drainage and double J-tube internal drainage also have their own advantages. The specific surgical approach should be selected based on the preoperative assessment, indications, and other factors to reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications.

Internet use and frailty in middle-aged and older adults: findings from developed and developing countries.

BACKGROUND: With increasing trend of internet use in all age groups, whether internet use can prevent frailty in middle-aged and older adults remains unclear. METHODS: Five cohorts, including Health and Retirement Study (HRS), China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA), and Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), were used in this study. Internet use, social isolation, and frailty status was assessed using similar questions. The Generalized estimating equations models, random effects meta-analysis, COX regression, and mediation analysis were utilized. RESULTS: In the multicohort study, a total of 155,695 participants were included in main analysis. The proportion of internet use was varied across countries, ranging from 5.56% in China (CHARLS) to 83.46% in Denmark (SHARE). According to the generalized estimating equations models and meta-analysis, internet use was inversely associated with frailty, with the pooled ORs (95%CIs) of 0.72 (0.67,0.79). The COX regression also showed that participants with internet use had a lower risk of frailty incidence. Additionally, the association was partially mediated by social isolation and slightly pronounced in participants aged 65 and over, male, not working for payment, not married or partnered, not smoking, drinking, and not co-residence with children. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the important role of internet use in preventing frailty and recommend more engagements in social communication and activities to avoid social isolation among middle-aged and older adults.

Identification of candidate genes associated with primary feathers of tianfu nonghua ducks based on Genome-wide association studies.

The primary feathers of ducks have important economic value in the poultry industry. This study quantified the primary feather phenotype of Nonghua ducks, including the primary feathers' length, area, distribution of black spots, and feather symmetry. And genome-wide association analysis was used to screen candidate genes that affect the primary feather traits. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) results identified the genetic region related to feather length (FL) on chromosome 2. Through Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, candidate regions (chr2: 115,246,393-116,501,448 bp) were identified and were further annotated to 5 genes: MRS2, GPLD1, ALDH5A1, KIAA0319, and ATP9B. Secondly, candidate regions related to feather black spots were identified on chromosome 21. Through LD analysis, the candidate regions (chr21: 163,552-2,183,853 bp) were screened and further annotated to 47 genes. Among them, STK4, CCN5, and YWHAB genes were related to melanin-related pathways or pigment deposition, which may be key genes affecting the distribution of black spots on feathers. In addition, we also screened 125 genes on multiple chromosomes that may be related to feather symmetry. Among them, significant SNPs on chromosome 1 were further identified as candidate regions (chr1: 142,118,209-142,223,605 bp) through LD analysis and annotated into 2 genes, TGFBRAP1 and LOC113839965. These results reported the genetic basis of the primary feather from multiple phenotypes, and offered valuable insights into the genetic basis for the growth and development of duck feathers and feather color pattern.

GV-971 attenuates the progression of neuromyelitis optica in murine models and reverses alterations in gut microbiota and associated peripheral abnormalities.

AIMS: Growing evidence suggests that an imbalanced gut microbiota composition plays a crucial role in the development of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), an inflammatory demyelinating disease primarily affecting the optic nerves and central nervous system (CNS). In light of this, we explored the potential therapeutic benefits of GV-971 in NMOSD. GV-971 is a drug used for treating mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease, which targets the gut-brain axis and reduces neuroinflammation. METHODS: To evaluate GV-971's effects, we employed the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model to establish NMOSD animal models. This was achieved by injecting NMO-IgG into aged mice (11 months old) or using NMO-IgG along with complement injection and microbubble-enhanced low-frequency ultrasound (MELFUS) techniques in young mice (7 weeks old). We assessed the impact of GV-971 on incidence rate, clinical scores, body weight, and survival, with methylprednisolone serving as a positive control. In NMOSD models of young mice, we analyzed spinal cord samples through H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, and Luxol Fast Blue staining. Fecal samples collected at different time points underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while plasma samples were analyzed using cytokine array and untargeted metabolomics analysis. RESULTS: Our findings indicated that GV-971 significantly reduced the incidence of NMOSD, alleviated symptoms, and prolonged survival in NMOSD mouse models. The NMOSD model exhibited substantial neuroinflammation and injury, accompanied by imbalances in gut microbiota, peripheral inflammation, and metabolic disorders, suggesting a potentially vicious cycle that accelerates disease pathogenesis. Notably, GV-971 effectively reduces neuroinflammation and injury, and restores gut microbiota composition, as well as ameliorates peripheral inflammation and metabolic disorders. CONCLUSIONS: GV-971 attenuates the progression of NMOSD in murine models and reduces neuroinflammation and injury, likely through its effects on remodeling gut microbiota and peripheral inflammation and metabolic disorders.

A crystal capping layer for formation of black-phase FAPbI3 perovskite in humid air.

Black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3) perovskites are the desired phase for photovoltaic applications, but water can trigger formation of photoinactive impurity phases such as δ-FAPbI3. We show that the classic solvent system for perovskite fabrication exacerbates this reproducibility challenge. The conventional coordinative solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) promoted δ-FAPbI3 formation under high relative humidity (RH) conditions because of its hygroscopic nature. We introduced chlorine-containing organic molecules to form a capping layer that blocked moisture penetration while preserving DMSO-based complexes to regulate crystal growth. We report power conversion efficiencies of >24.5% for perovskite solar cells fabricated across an RH range of 20 to 60%, and 23.4% at 80% RH. The unencapsulated device retained 96% of its initial performance in air (with 40 to 60% RH) after 500-hour maximum power point operation.

Rab11b promotes M1-like macrophage polarization by restraining autophagic degradation of NLRP3 in alcohol-associated liver disease.

Macrophage polarization is vital to mounting a host defense or repairing tissue in various liver diseases. Excessive activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is related to the orchestration of inflammation and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) pathology. Rab GTPases play critical roles in regulating vesicular transport. In this study we investigated the role of Rab11b in ALD, aiming to identify effective therapeutic targets. Here, we first demonstrated a decreased expression of Rab11b in macrophages from ALD mice. Knockdown of Rab11b by macrophage-specific adeno-associated virus can alleviate alcohol induced liver inflammation, injury and steatosis. We found that LPS and alcohol stimulation promoted Rab11b transferring from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) cells. Rab11b specifically activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in BMDMs and RAW264.7 cells to induce M1 macrophage polarization. Rab11b overexpression in BMDMs inhibited autophagic flux, leading to the suppression of LC3B-mediated NLRP3 degradation. We conclude that impaired Rab11b could alleviate alcohol-induced liver injury via autophagy-mediated NLRP3 degradation.

Serum γ-glutamyltransferase levels and obesity status changes the risk of prehypertension in Chinese adults.

Objective: It's well known that γ-Glutamyltransferase (γ-GGT) and obesity plays an important role in the development of preHT. However, the effect of γ-GGT on preHT in populations with different obesity status remains unclear. Methods: From February 2014 to January 2018, a total of 20,368 participants were enrolled in this study after excluding those with hypertension and liver diseases. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure γ-GGT and blood lipid levels and glucose indices. Demographic and clinical parameters such as sex, age, height, weight, neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and body fat ratio (BFR); and information on smoking and alcohol consumption were collected by trained medical professionals. Results: Participants were divided into three groups based on obesity status. The prevalence of preHT was 83.5 % in the obesity group was higher than that in the overweight group (58.9 %) and the normal group (47.1 %). γ-GGT in different categories of obesity indices were significantly different, and higher obesity indices were found with higher γ-GGT levels. The interaction of γ-GGT and obesity indices such as NC, WC, HC, and BFR on the prevalence of preHT was significant (P = 0.028, 0.002, 0.007, and 0.034, respectively). Serum γ-GGT was found to be positively associated with preHT in participants with normal and overweight body mass indices. Conclusion: Our results indicate that γ-GGT is a risk factor for preHT in participants who are nonobese, and that the obesity indices NC, WC, HC, BFR, and γ-GGT were contributing factors in increasing the risk of preHT.

The Barrier Disruption and Pyroptosis of Intestinal Epithelial Cells Caused by Perfringolysin O (PFO) from Clostridium perfringens.

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), a Gram-positive bacterium, produces a variety of toxins and extracellular enzymes that can lead to disease in both humans and animals. Common symptoms include abdominal swelling, diarrhea, and intestinal inflammation. Severe cases can result in complications like intestinal hemorrhage, edema, and even death. The primary toxins contributing to morbidity in C. perfringens-infected intestines are CPA, CPB, CPB2, CPE, and PFO. Amongst these, CPB, CPB2, and CPE are implicated in apoptosis development, while CPA is associated with cell death, increased intracellular ROS levels, and the release of the inflammatory factor IL-18. However, the exact mechanism by which PFO toxins exert their effects in the infected gut is still unidentified. This study demonstrates that a C. perfringens PFO toxin infection disrupts the intestinal epithelial barrier function through in vitro and in vivo models. This study emphasizes the notable influence of PFO toxins on intestinal barrier integrity in the context of C. perfringens infections. It reveals that PFO toxins increase ROS production by causing mitochondrial damage, triggering pyroptosis in IPEC-J2 cells, and consequently resulting in compromised intestinal barrier function. These results offer a scientific foundation for developing preventive and therapeutic approaches against C. perfringens infections.

Multi-level sequence denoising with cross-signal contrastive learning for sequential recommendation.

Sequential recommender systems (SRSs) aim to suggest next item for a user based on her historical interaction sequences. Recently, many research efforts have been devoted to attenuate the influence of noisy items in sequences by either assigning them with lower attention weights or discarding them directly. The major limitation of these methods is that the former would still prone to overfit noisy items while the latter may overlook informative items. To the end, in this paper, we propose a novel model named Multi-level Sequence Denoising with Cross-signal Contrastive Learning (MSDCCL) for sequential recommendation. To be specific, we first introduce a target-aware user interest extractor to simultaneously capture users' long and short term interest with the guidance of target items. Then, we develop a multi-level sequence denoising module to alleviate the impact of noisy items by employing both soft and hard signal denoising strategies. Additionally, we extend existing curriculum learning by simulating the learning pattern of human beings. It is worth noting that our proposed model can be seamlessly integrated with a majority of existing recommendation models and significantly boost their effectiveness. Experimental studies on five public datasets are conducted and the results demonstrate that the proposed MSDCCL is superior to the state-of-the-art baselines. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/lalunex/MSDCCL/tree/main.

Inhibition of M. tuberculosis and human ATP synthase by BDQ and TBAJ-587.

Bedaquiline (BDQ), a first-in-class diarylquinoline anti-tuberculosis drug, and its analogue, TBAJ-587, prevent the growth and proliferation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by inhibiting ATP synthase1,2. However, BDQ also inhibits human ATP synthase3. At present, how these compounds interact with either M. tuberculosis ATP synthase or human ATP synthase is unclear. Here we present cryogenic electron microscopy structures of M. tuberculosis ATP synthase with and without BDQ and TBAJ-587 bound, and human ATP synthase bound to BDQ. The two inhibitors interact with subunit a and the c-ring at the leading site, c-only sites and lagging site in M. tuberculosis ATP synthase, showing that BDQ and TBAJ-587 have similar modes of action. The quinolinyl and dimethylamino units of the compounds make extensive contacts with the protein. The structure of human ATP synthase in complex with BDQ reveals that the BDQ-binding site is similar to that observed for the leading site in M. tuberculosis ATP synthase, and that the quinolinyl unit also interacts extensively with the human enzyme. This study will improve researchers' understanding of the similarities and differences between human ATP synthase and M. tuberculosis ATP synthase in terms of the mode of BDQ binding, and will allow the rational design of novel diarylquinolines as anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Multiple myeloma with secondary amyloidosis: Dysphagia as the first symptom: A case report.

RATIONALE: Multiple myeloma (MM) with secondary amyloidosis (AL) is a rare clonal plasma cell proliferation disease, which causes dysfunction of multiple organs and tissues. We report a case of dysphagia as the first symptom in a patient with MM and secondary AL. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient was a 73-year-old female, was admitted to our hospital, because of progressive dysphagia for 4 months and limb weakness for 1 month. DIAGNOSES: The bone marrow smear and pathology diagnosis revealed the presence of MM, while the biceps myopathy diagnosis indicated AL. INTERVENTIONS: The VCD regimen consisted of bortezomib at a dosage of 1.9 mg on days 1, 8, 15, and 22, cyclophosphamide 0.4 g on days 1, 8, and 15, and dexamethasone at a dosage of 40 mg on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. The patient simultaneously received comprehensive treatment including anti-infective therapy, enhanced cardiac function, and nutritional support. OUTCOMES: The M protein in the blood and urine protein were negative, indicating a reduction in bone marrow plasma cells to 2%. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a minimal percentage 0.04%. As a result, complete remission was achieved. LESSONS: The clinical manifestations of MM exhibit a wide range, with the symptoms of secondary injury causing significant disturbing, while the atypical symptoms of extramedullary manifestations pose challenges in diagnosing the disease.

Dimension-Controlled VO2 Film for Optoelectronic Logic Gates and Information Encryption.

As the fields of photonics and information technology develop, a lot of novel applications based on VO2 material, such as optoelectronic computing and information encryption, have been developed. While the performance of these devices was not only closely associated with the VO2 phase transition properties but also depended on their dimensional characteristics. In the current study, we conducted the dimension-controlled vanadium dioxide (VO2) film growth, resulting in the epitaxial 2-dimensional (2D) VO2 film and well-distributed 3-dimensional (3D) VO2 crystal film deposition, respectively. It was revealed that, unlike the 2D film, the pronounced localized surface plasmon resonance dominated the near-infrared spectrum across the phase transition for the 3D VO2 film due to the naturally formed meta-surface structure, which showed a transmittance valley in the infrared spectrum after metallization. Based on this distinct infrared spectrum feature in the 3D VO2 film, we proposed an optoelectronic logic gate controlled by the input voltage and the probing Vis/IR light. By detecting the transmittance states of the probing light with different wavelengths, we achieved multistate encoding functions and demonstrated the information encryption application. This new conception device also showed great potential for some other applications such as optoelectronic coupled computing, information encryption, and optical near-field sensing computing.

Integrative analysis of the ovarian metabolome and transcriptome of the Yaoshan chicken and its improved hybrids.

Introduction: Laying performance is a key factor affecting production efficiency in poultry, but its molecular mechanism is still indistinct. In this study, Yaoshan chickens, a local breed in Guizhou, China, and merchant chickens (GYR) with higher egg yield after the three-line cross improvement hybridization of Yaoshan chickens were used as animal samples. Methods: To explore the regulatory mechanism of the diversities in laying performance, RNA-seq and ultra-performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) were used to describe the transcriptional and metabolic profiles of the ovaries of Yaoshan and GYR chickens. Results: At the transcriptional level, 288 differentially expressed genes were upregulated in Yaoshan chickens and 353 differentially expressed genes were upregulated in GYR chickens. In addition, GSEA showed that ECM-receptor interactions and the TGF-ß signaling pathway were restrained, resulting in increased egg production in GYR chickens. Furthermore, the upregulation of thiamine and carnitine was identified by metabolomic analysis to facilitate the laying performance of hens. Finally, comprehensive analyses of the transcriptome and metabolome found that thiamine and carnitine were negatively correlated with ECM-receptor interactions and the TGF-ß signaling pathway, which jointly regulate the laying performance of Yaoshan chickens and GYR chickens. Discussion: Taken together, our research delineates differences in the transcriptional and metabolic profiles of the ovaries of Yaoshan and GYR chickens during the peak egg production period and provides new hypotheses and clues for further research on poultry egg production performance and the improvement of economic benefits.

Inductive State-Relabeling Adversarial Active Learning with Heuristic Clique Rescaling.

Active learning (AL) is to design label-efficient algorithms by labeling the most representative samples. It reduces annotation cost and attracts increasing attention from the community. However, previous AL methods suffer from the inadequacy of annotations and unreliable uncertainty estimation. Moreover, we find that they ignore the intra-diversity of selected samples, which leads to sampling redundancy. In view of these challenges, we propose an inductive state-relabeling adversarial AL model (ISRA) that consists of a unified representation generator, an inductive state-relabeling discriminator, and a heuristic clique rescaling module. The generator introduces contrastive learning to leverage unlabeled samples for self-supervised training, where the mutual information is utilized to improve the representation quality for AL selection. Then, we design an inductive uncertainty indicator to learn the state score from labeled data and relabel unlabeled data with different importance for better discrimination of instructive samples. To solve the problem of sampling redundancy, the heuristic clique rescaling module measures the intra-diversity of candidate samples and recurrently rescales them to select the most informative samples. The experiments conducted on eight datasets and two imbalanced scenarios show that our model outperforms the previous state-of-the-art AL methods. As an extension on the cross-modal AL task, we apply ISRA to the image captioning and it also achieves superior performance.

Effect of force direction and impaction angulation during dilaceration impacted central incisor traction: a finite element analysis.

BACKGROUND: The effects of traction forces at different angles on impacted central incisors(ICI)with varying inverted angles (IA) may be different. The objective of this study was to analyze the biomechanical effects of different force directions (FD) on developmentally inverted ICI with multi-angle variations and to offer insights and guidance for the treatment of inverted ICI. METHODS: Three-dimensional finite element method was employed to simulate clinical scenarios of inverted ICI traction. As such, 0.2 N of force (direction: antero-superior angles of 90°, 100°, 110°, 120°, and 130° relative to the long axis of the inverted ICI crown) was applied to the inverted ICI with inverse angles (IA) of 40°, 30°, 20°, 10° and 0°. Inverted ICI apical displacement and Von Mises stress on periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone were compared. RESULTS: IA and FD showed minimal influence on the stress distribution in the PDL, as higher stresses were concentrated in the apical region. The higher stresses in the alveolar bone are focused on the cervical and apical regions of the tooth. In particular, IA exerts a more significant impact on stress distribution in the alveolar bone than FD. The influence of IA on the apical displacement of inverted ICI is larger than that of FD. CONCLUSIONS: To promote the health of the root and periodontal tissues, it is recommended to use an angle of 100°-110° relative to the long axis of the ICI crown when dealing with a large IA (> 20°) developmentally inverted ICI. Conversely, an angle of 110°-120° can be used.

Transcriptome-metabolome reveals the molecular changes in meat production and quality in the hybrid populations of Sichuan white goose.

Hybrid breeding has proven to enhance meat quality and is extensively utilized in goose breeding. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research investigating the molecular mechanisms that underlie the meat quality of hybrid geese. In this study, we employed the Sichuan White Goose as the maternal line for hybridization with the Zhedong White Goose and Tianfu Meat Goose P3 line. We assessed the growth and slaughter meat quality performance of 10-wk-old hybrid offspring in comparison to Sichuan white goose purebred offspring. The results indicate that hybrid geese have significantly improved performance in growth and slaughter meat quality. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the chest muscles of hybrid offspring through transcriptomics and metabolomics to unravel the effects of hybrid breeding on growth and meat quality. A total of 673 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 93 differentially expressed metabolites were identified. The joint analysis highlighted the significant enrichment of DEGs AMPD1, AMPD3, RRM2, ENTPD3, and the metabolite UMP in the nucleotide metabolism pathway. These findings underscore the crucial role of these genetic and metabolic factors in regulating muscle growth and meat quality in hybrid populations.

Fluorescence-enhanced supra-amphiphiles based on pillar[5]arene: construction, controllable self-assembly and application in cell imaging.

Fluorescence-enhanced supra-amphiphiles based on (WP5)2⊃ENDTn were constructed successfully. When n = 9, they can self-assemble into uniform micelles with an average diameter of about 90 nm and be further applied in cell imaging.