Chinese expert consensus on cone-beam CT-guided diagnosis, localization and treatment for pulmonary nodules.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) system can provide real-time 3D images and fluoroscopy images of the region of interest during the operation. Some systems can even offer augmented fluoroscopy and puncture guidance. The use of CBCT for interventional pulmonary procedures has grown significantly in recent years, and numerous clinical studies have confirmed the technology's efficacy and safety in the diagnosis, localization, and treatment of pulmonary nodules. In order to optimize and standardize the technical specifications of CBCT and guide its application in clinical practice, the consensus statement has been organized and written in a collaborative effort by the Professional Committee on Interventional Pulmonology of China Association for Promotion of Health Science and Technology.

Physiological response and molecular mechanisms against UV-B radiation in Brachionus asplanchnoidis (Rotifera).

Ultraviolet B (UV-B, 280-320 nm) radiation is a major environmental stressor for aquatic organisms on Earth's surface. Its effects on biological systems are well known, but the mechanisms by which organisms respond and adapt to UV-B radiation are still being explored. In this study, we investigated the effects of UV-B radiation on the monogonont rotifer Brachionus asplanchnoidis, focusing on physiological parameters, antioxidant systems, DNA damage, and DNA repair-related molecular mechanism. Our results showed that the LD50 was at 28.53 kJ/m2, indicating strong tolerance to UV-B. However, UV-B radiation caused adverse effects on growth and reproduction, with shortened reproductive period and longevity, decreased fecundity and hatchability, and inhibition of population growth. Biochemical analyses revealed severe oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation, with increased ROS and MDA levels. Activities of antioxidant enzymes were highly induced at low doses but decreased at high doses. DNA damage also occurred in UV-B-exposed rotifers. Furthermore, selected DNA repair-related genes were up-regulated in a dose-dependent manner. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of UV-B radiation on rotifers and highlight the importance of considering both ecological and molecular responses in assessing the impact of UV-B radiation on aquatic organisms.

Inaccurate-Supervised Learning With Generative Adversarial Nets.

Inaccurate-supervised learning (ISL) is a weakly supervised learning framework for imprecise annotation, which is derived from some specific popular learning frameworks, mainly including partial label learning (PLL), partial multilabel learning (PML), and multiview PML (MVPML). While PLL, PML, and MVPML are each solved as independent models through different methods and no general framework can currently be applied to these frameworks, most existing methods for solving them were designed based on traditional machine-learning techniques, such as logistic regression, KNN, SVM, decision tree. Prior to this study, there was no single general framework that used adversarial networks to solve ISL problems. To narrow this gap, this study proposed an adversarial network structure to solve ISL problems, called ISL with generative adversarial nets (ISL-GANs). In ISL-GAN, fake samples, which are quite similar to real samples, gradually promote the Discriminator to disambiguate the noise labels of real samples. We also provide theoretical analyses for ISL-GAN in effectively handling ISL data. In this article, we propose a general framework to solve PLL, PML, and MVPML, while in the published conference version, we adopt the specific framework, which is a special case of the general one, to solve the PLL problem. Finally, the effectiveness is demonstrated through extensive experiments on various imprecise annotation learning tasks, including PLL, PML, and MVPML.

Sinomenine Attenuates Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Lung Injury by Inhibiting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

BACKGROUND In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of sinomenine (SIN) on chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)- induced lung injury in rats, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS To perform the investigation, a CIH rat model was established. ELISA assay was applied to detect the level of inflammatory cytokines. Oxidative stress bio-markers (MDA, SOD, and CAT) were determined in lung tissues. In addition, the expression level of NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) was analyzed by Western blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that compared with other groups, more obvious pulmonary pathological changes were observed in the CIH group. The level of inflammatory cytokines in the CIH group was markedly higher than that in the control and Con-S groups. Compared with the control and Con-S groups, oxidative stress was notably increased in the CIH group. Expression of Nox2 was also increased in the CIH group. The effects caused by CIH in rats were attenuated by SIN treatment. CONCLUSIONS SIN can reverse chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced lung injury through inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress.