Purple sweet potato anthocyanins normalize the blood glucose concentration and restore the gut microbiota in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: This study investigated the effects of purple sweet potato anthocyanins (PSPA) in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mouse model. Methods: Sixty-five male mice were randomly divided into one control group and four experimental groups, which were fed with a high-fat diet and intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce T2DM. The model mice were treated with 0 (M), 227.5 (LP), 455 (MP), or 910 (HP) mg/kg PSPA for ten days. ELISA, 16S rRNA sequencing, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to assess blood biochemical parameters, gut microbial composition, and liver tissue structure, respectively. Results: The FBG concentration was significantly decreased in the LP (6.32 ± 1.05 mmol/L), MP (6.32 ± 1.05 mmol/L), and HP (5.65 ± 0.83 mmol/L) groups; the glycosylated hemoglobin levels were significantly decreased in the HP group (14.43 ± 7.12 pg/mL) compared with that in the M group (8.08 ± 1.04 mmol/L; 27.20 ± 7.72 pg/mL; P < 0.05). The PSPA treated groups also increased blood glutathione levels compared with M. PSPA significantly affected gut microbial diversity. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio decreased by 38.9 %, 49.2 %, and 15.9 % in the LP, MP, and HP groups compared with that in the M group (0.62). The PSPAs treated groups showed an increased relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_Clostridium, Butyricimonas, and Akkermansia and decreased abundance of nine bacterial genera, including Staphylococcus. Conclusion: PSPA reduced blood glucose levels, increased serum antioxidant enzymes, and optimized the diversity and structure of the gut microbiota in mice with T2DM.

Quercetin positively affects gene expression profiles and metabolic pathway of antibiotic-treated mouse gut microbiota.

Quercetin has a wide range of biological properties that can be used to prevent or decrease particular inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the gene expression profile and metabolic pathway of the gut microbiota of an antibiotic-treated mouse model administered quercetin. Blood, feces, and intestinal tissue samples were collected and metagenomic sequencing, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blot analysis were used to detect variations. The results showed that the quercetin-treated group exhibited increased levels of health beneficial bacterial species, including Faecalibaculum rodentium (103.13%), Enterorhabdus caecimuris (4.13%), Eggerthella lenta (4%), Roseburia hominis (1.33%), and Enterorhabdus mucosicola (1.79%), compared with the model group. These bacterial species were positively related to butyrate, propionate, and intestinal tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1 and occludin) expression, but negatively related to serum lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-α level. In addition, the metabolic pathway analysis showed that dietary quercetin significantly enhanced spliceosomes (111.11%), tight junctions (62.96%), the citrate cycle (10.41%), pyruvate metabolism (6.95%), and lysine biosynthesis (5.06%), but decreasing fatty acid biosynthesis (23.91%) and N-glycan (7.37%) biosynthesis. Furthermore, these metabolic pathway changes were related to relative changes in the abundance of 10 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes genes (K00244, K00341, K02946, K03737, K01885, k10352, k11717, k10532, K02078, K01191). In conclusion, dietary quercetin increased butyrate-producing bacterial species, and the acetyl-CoA-mediated increased butyrate accelerated carbohydrate, energy metabolism, reduced cell motility and endotoxemia, and increased the gut barrier function, thereby leading to healthy colonic conditions for the host.

Associations of Parity With Change in Global Cognition and Incident Cognitive Impairment in Older Women.

Background: The evidence of the association between parity and risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia is mixed, and the relationship between parity and longitudinal cognitive changes is less clear. We investigated these issues in a large population of older women who were carefully monitored for development of MCI and probable dementia. Methods: Using the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study, 7,100 postmenopausal women (mean age 70.1 ± 3.8 years) with information on baseline parity (defined as the number of term pregnancies), measures of global cognition (Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score) from 1996-2007, and cognitive impairment (centrally adjudicated diagnoses of MCI and dementia) from 1996-2016 were included. Multivariable linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze the rate of changes in global cognition. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the risk of MCI/dementia across parity groups. Results: Over an average of 10.5 years, 465 new cases of MCI/dementia were identified. Compared with nulliparous women, those with a parity of 1-3 and ≥4 had a lower MCI/dementia risk. The HRs were 0.75 (0.56-0.99) and 0.71 (0.53-0.96), respectively (P < 0.01). Similarly, a parity of 1-3 and ≥4 was related to slower cognitive decline (ß = 0.164, 0.292, respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Higher parity attenuated the future risk for MCI/dementia and slowed the rates of cognitive decline in elderly women. Future studies are needed to determine how parity affects late-life cognitive function in women.

Variability in Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Parameters and Cognitive Decline.

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between variability in cardiometabolic and inflammatory parameters and cognitive changes is unknown. This study investigates the association of visit-to-visit variability in BMI, mean arterial pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, ferritin, and fibrinogen with cognitive decline. METHODS: This population-based cohort study included 2,260 individuals (mean age=63.0 [SD=7.5] years) free of cognitive diseases who underwent ≥3 clinical measurements from 2004 to 2019. Variability was expressed as variability independent of the mean across visits. Participants were divided on the basis of quartiles of variability score, a scoring system generated to explore the composite effect of parameter variability (range=0-24), where 0 points were assigned for Quartile 1, 1 point was assigned for Quartile 2, 2 points were assigned for Quartile 3, and 3 points were assigned for Quartile 4, each for the variability of 8 parameters measured as variability independent of the mean. Linear mixed models evaluated the longitudinal associations with cognitive decline in memory and verbal fluency. All analyses were conducted in 2020-2021. RESULTS: Higher BMI, mean arterial pressure, total cholesterol, HbA1c, and ferritin variability were linearly associated with cognitive decline irrespective of their mean values. In addition, participants in the highest quartile of variability score had a significantly worse cognitive decline rate in memory (-0.0224 points/year, 95% CI= -0.0319, -0.0129) and verbal fluency (-0.0088 points/year, 95% CI= -0.0168, -0.0008) than those in the lowest quartile. CONCLUSIONS: A higher variability in cardiometabolic and inflammatory parameters was significantly associated with cognitive decline. Stabilizing these parameters may serve as a target to preserve cognitive functioning.

Depression as a Mediator of the Association Between Wealth Status and Risk of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Longitudinal Population-Based Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Wealth and income are potential modifiable risk factors for dementia, but whether wealth status, which is composed of a combination of debt and poverty, and assessed by wealth and income, is associated with cognitive impairment among elderly adults remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of different combinations of debt and poverty with the incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND) and to evaluate the mediating role of depression in these relationships. METHODS: We included 15,565 participants aged 51 years or older from the Health and Retirement Study (1992-2012) who were free of CIND and dementia at baseline. Dementia and CIND were assessed using either the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (mTICS) or a proxy assessment. Cox models with time-dependent covariates and mediation analysis were used. RESULTS: During a median of 14.4 years of follow-up, 4,484 participants experienced CIND and 1,774 were diagnosed with dementia. Both debt and poverty were independently associated with increased dementia and CIND risks, and the risks were augmented when both debt and poverty were present together (the hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals] were 1.35 [1.08-1.70] and 1.96 [1.48-2.60] for CIND and dementia, respectively). The associations between different wealth statuses and cognition were partially (mediation ratio range: 11.8-29.7%) mediated by depression. CONCLUSION: Debt and poverty were associated with an increased risk of dementia and CIND, and these associations were partially mediated by depression. Alleviating poverty and debt may be effective for improving mental health and therefore curbing the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia.

A Generated Multi Branch Feature Fusion Model for Vehicle Re-identification

Abstract Vehicle re-id play a very import role in recent public safety, it has received more and more attention. The local features (e.g. hanging decorations and stickers) are widely used for vehicle re-id, but the same local feature exists in one perspective, but not exactly exists in other perspectives. In this paper, we firstly use experiments to verify that there is a low linear correlation between different dimension global features. Then we propose a new technique which uses global features instead of local features to distinguish the nuances between different vehicles. We design a vehicle re-identification method named a generated multi branch feature fusion method (GMBFF) to make full use of the complementarity between global features with different dimensions. All branches of the proposed GMBFF model are derived from the same model and there are only slight differences among those branches. Each of those branches can extract highly discriminative features with different dimensions. Finally, we fuse the features extracted by these branches. Existing research uses the fusing features for fusion and we use the global vehicle features for fusion. We also propose two different feature fusion methods which are single fusion method (SFM) and multi fusion method (MFM). In SFM, features for fusion with larger dimension occupy more weight in fused features. MFM overcomes the disadvantage of SFM. Finally, we carry out a lot of experiments on two widely used datasets which are VeRi-776 dataset and Vehicle ID dataset. The experimental results show that our proposed method is much better than the state-of-the-art vehicle re-identification methods.

Mechanism of Curcumin Alone and in Combination with Other Drugs Against Laryngeal Carcinoma： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Curcumae Longae Rhizoma is a traditional Chinese medicine with the efficacy of activating blood and moving Qi. Curcumin， a polyphenolic substance extracted from the rhizome of plant Curcuma longa， possesses multiple pharmacological activities like anti-tumor， anti-oxidation， anti-bacteria， and anti-inflammation. Laryngeal carcinoma （LC） is a common malignant tumor， whose incidence in recent years has been on the rise， and the 5-year survival rate has continuously decreased. Considering the specific location of larynx， researchers are actively exploring diverse treatment modalities for laryngeal organ preservation. Many studies have shown that curcumin has an inhibitory effect on the development of LC. By virtue of multiple pharmacological effects， curcumin deserves to be thoroughly explored. However， most of the current research is limited to in vitro exploration， and the partial mechanism of curcumin remains unclear， indicating that there is still a long way to go before curcumin becomes a Chinese medicinal preparation for the clinical treatment of LC. This paper reviewed the physicochemical properties of curcumin and the methods for its extraction from plants， the efficacy of curcumin in inducing cell apoptosis and protective autophagy， reversing cell drug resistance， inhibiting cell proliferation， migration， and invasion and tumor angiogenesis， the action mechanism of curcumin in combination with resveratrol， platinum drugs， 3-methyladenine， taxols， and 5-fluorouracil against LC， as well as the bioinformatics analysis concerning curcumin and LC. This paper is expected to provide reference for relevant researchers to clarify the mechanism and important targets of curcumin against LC and promote its clinical application.

Prophylactic value of aggressive hydration with lactated Ringer′s solution during the perioperative period for post-ERCP pancreatitis:a meta-analysis / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate aggressive hydration with lactated Ringer′s solution for prophylaxis of post-ERCP pancreatitis ( PEP ) during the perioperative period. Methods CNKI, VIP, Wangfang,Pubmed,Embase and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials( RCTs) on aggressive hydration with lactated Ringer′s solution for preventing PEP published from the setup time of databases to June 2018. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, RCTs were selected by two researchers,data were extracted and methodological quality was assessed independently. Revman 5. 3 was used to perform the meta-analysis.The heterogeneity among the included RCTs was analyzed by using the Q test and the chi-square test. The funnel plots,the risk of bias graph and the risk of bias summary were used to evaluate publication bias. Results A total of 10 RCTs with 1727 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that 10 RCTs had no significant heterogeneity ( P=0. 10, I2 =39％) , aggressive hydration with lactated Ringer′s solution could reduce the incidence of PEP(OR=0. 37,95％CI:0. 26-0. 53,P<0. 00001). Hyperamylasemia incidence was included in 6 RCTs,and the results showed that aggressive hydration with lactated Ringer′s solution could reduce the incidence of hyperamylasemia ( OR=0. 41, 95％CI:0. 27-0. 64, P<0. 00001 ) . A total of 4 RCTs compared the incidence of abdominal pain after ERCP between the experimental group and the control group. Meta-analysis showed that aggressive hydration with lactated Ringer′s solution could reduce the incidence of abdominal pain ( OR=0. 32, 95％CI: 0. 15-0. 68, P=0. 003) . Conclusion Aggressive hydration with lactated Ringer′s solution can effectively prevent PEP and other complications.

[Severe Strongyloides stercoralis infection: a case report].

This paper reports a severe case of Strongyloides stercoralis infection during routine sputum smear examinations, due to cough and shortness of breath, so as to improve clinicians' awareness of strongyloidiasis to avoid and reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

Radiofrequency ablation versus hepatic resection for breast cancer liver metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the comparative therapeutic efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and hepatic resection (HR) for breast cancer liver metastases (BCLMs).@*METHODS@#Studies that had examined the outcomes for both RFA and HR for BCLM were identified by searching the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Pooled analyzes of the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and short-term outcomes of BCLM were performed.@*RESULTS@#Patients with BCLM gained many more survival benefits from HR than from RFA with regard to the 3-year OS rate (combined odds ratio (OR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29-0.59, P<0.001), 5-year OS rate (combined OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.32-0.46, P<0.001), 3-year DFS (combined OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.27-0.49, P<0.001), and 5-year DFS (combined OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.40-0.66, P<0.001). RFA had fewer postoperative complications (combined OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.20-0.44, P<0.001) and shorter hospital stays (combined OR -9.01, 95% CI -13.49-4.54, P<0.001) than HR.@*CONCLUSIONS@#HR takes precedence over RFA in the treatment of patients with BCLM, considering the better survival rate. RFA gives rise to fewer complications and can be carried out with a shorter hospital stay, compared to HR. RFA should be reserved for patients who are not optimum candidates for resection.

Overexpression of stromaI cell-derived factor-1 promotes the proIiferation and migration of bone marrowmesenchymaI stem cells in vitro / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) signaling pathway cannot only improve the migration ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), but also restrain BMSCs apoptosis, increase BMSCs survival and improve the proliferation activity of BMSCs. OBJECTIVE: To construct a rat BMSCs line with SDF-1α overexpression and to explore its influence on the proliferation and migration of BMSCs in vitro. METHODS: The SDF-1α overexpression vector (pNL-SDF-1α-IRES2-EGFP) was constructed. The lentivirus particles were packaged by transferring pNL-SDF-1α-IRES2-EGFP, pNL-IRES2-EGFP and GV-118-SDF-1α-siRNA into 293T cells. The BMSCs lines with SDF-1α overexpression in SDF-1α-BMSCs group, null-BMSCs group and siRNA-BMSCs group were established by transfecting SDF-1α-lentiviru, null-lentivirus and siRNA-lentivirus into BMSCs respectively. The expression of SDF-1α at mRNA and protein levels in BMSCs was evaluated by RT-PCR and western blot assay, respectively. The influence of SDF-1α on proliferation and migration of BMSCs were evaluated by MTT and Transwell migration experiment respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The pNL-SDF-1α-IRES2-EGFP recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed, which was proved by sequencing results. EGFP was strongly expressed in 293T cells and BMSCs in all groups after 48 hours in lentivirus transfection. SDF-1α at mRNA and protein levels were highly expressed in the SDF-1α-BMSCs group, but the expression was significantly inhibited in the siRNA-BMSCs group. The proliferative ability of BMSCs was strengthened in the SDF-1α-BMSCs group, and SDF-1α was found to significantly promote the transmembrane migration of BMSCs. The migration index of BMSCs incubated with anti-SDF-1α multi-antibodies was restrained markedly. To conclude, the lentivirus vector cannot only infect BMSCs efficiently but also make SDF-1 expresse stably in BMSCs. The overexpression of SDF-1α can improve the proliferation and migration abilities of BMSCs.

Effects of Osthole on Apoptosis of HL-60 Cells Induced by TRAIL and Its Related Mechanism / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of Osthole on apoptosis of HL-60 cells induced by tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The proliferative inhibition of HL-60 cells treated with different concentrations of Osthole, TRAIL alone and Osthole combined with TRAIL was measured by MTT assay. The HL-60 cells were treated with Osthole, TRAIL alone and Osthole combined with TRAIL at the concentration<ICvalue, i.e. 100µmol/L for Osthole and 40 ng/ml for TRAIL. Apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of HL-60 cells were detected by flow cytometry; the mRNA expression of BCL-2, BAX and DR5 was determined by RT-PCR; and the levels of Caspase-3,-8,-9 activity were detected by spectrophotometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The combined treatment (100µmol/L Osthole + 40 ng/ml TRAIL) of HL-60 cells for 48 h induced an apoptotic rate of (33.9±2.7) %, which was significantly higher than that of cells treated with Osthole or TRAIL alone (P<0.05); at the same time, the combined treatment promoted the decrease of MMP and the expression rate of BCL-2/BAX, and potentiated the expression of DR5 and Caspase-3,-8,-9 activity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Osthole can sensitize HL-60 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, which may be related with the activation of mitochondrial pathways and up-regulation of DR5.</p>

Severe Strongyloides stercoralis infection: a case report / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

This paper reports a severe case of Strongyloides stercoralis infection during routine sputum smear examinations, due to cough and shortness of breath, so as to improve clinicians’ awareness of strongyloidiasis to avoid and reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

[Analysis on dietary patterns and influencing factors among the elderly in Yantai City].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the dietary patterns and influencing factors among the elderly in Yantai City. METHODS: A total of 2626 old people( ≥60 years old) were recruited from 6 districts in Yantai City, including Zhifu District, Muping District, Haiyang District, Zhaoyuan District, Longkou District and Changdao County by stratified cluster of random sampling and surveyed using general questionnaires and dietary questionnaires, while physical examinations were conducted. Factors analysis was used to identify the dietary patterns. Influencing factors of dietary patterns were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Three evident dietary patterns were derived by factors analysis including healthy( 31. 83%), traditional( 45. 63%) and western( 22. 54%) dietary patterns. Non-smoking older men with low-literacy were more likely to follow traditional dietary pattern. The highly educated elderly women were likelyto follow healthy dietary pattern. The elder with a family history of chronic diseases were likely to follow western dietary pattern( P < 0. 001). People who were in family with higher incomes( OR = 1. 53, 95% CI 1. 32- 2. 61) or had family history of diabetes mellitus( OR = 1. 43, 95% CI 1. 21- 1. 98) or family history of coronary heart diseases( OR = 1. 17, 95% CI 1. 08- 1. 84) used western dietary pattern more than healthy dietary pattern. In addition, the elderly male( OR = 2. 87, 95% CI 2. 27- 3. 38) using traditional dietary pattern were more than the elderly female using healthy dietary pattern. CONCLUSION: There are three dietary patterns among the elderly in Yantai City. The main influencing factors include gender, level of education, economic level and a family history of chronic diseases.

To compare the clinical effect of insulin glargine and Novolin 30R combined with mental intervention in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To observe the clinical effect of treatment of type 2 diabetes with Glargine and Novolin 30R.Methods68 patients from June 2015 to October 2016,were randomly divided into insulin glargine group and Novolin 30R each group 34 cases, According to the medical staff were given psychological counseling for patients to explain the importance of disease related knowledge and related treatment, timely eliminate/alleviate the negative emotion of patients with, to ensure that patients with a good attitude to face treatment;Follow-up and It occurred in January when the two groups were recorded hypoglycemia ratio, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), 2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycated hemoglobin, the use of statistical methods for data analysis.ResultsThe proportion of patients with insulin glargine group hypoglycemia after treatment 2.94%, better than Novolin group 17.65%, and the difference was significant (P<0.05).②After treatment glargine group TG, TC index were (1.70±0.21) mmol/L, (5.24±0.16) mmol/L, were better than Novolin group (3.04±0.35) mmol/L,(5.58±0.22) mmol/L, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).After treatment glargine group glycated hemoglobin was (7.02±0.18)%, lower than Novolin group (7.78±0.30)%, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionGlargine and Novolin 30R can effectively control blood sugar, low insulin glargine hypoglycemia event rate, the better the treatment of type 2 diabetes, is worthy of further research and application.

Performance verification of diluted thrombin time assay for detecting Dabigatran level in plasma / 临床检验杂志

Objective To evaluate the performance of diluted thrombin time (dTT) assay for detecting Dabigatran levels and observe whether this assay may meet the requirements of clinical laboratory.Methods According to EP15-A2,EP6-A,EP7-A and C-24 documents of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI),the precision,trueness,analytical measurement range,carryover rate and anti-biological interference of dTT assay were evaluated and the stability of specimen for dTT assay was observed.Results Both the within-day and between-day coefficient of variation (CV) of dTT assay for detecting Dabigatran levels were consistent with manufacturer's stated CV.Compared with target values of Dabigatran,the relative bias of 3 levels of proficiency test materials from College of American Pathologists (CAP) were less than 10％.The results meet linear verification when Dabigatran concentration was between 30.92 and 249.13 ng/mL.The carryover rate was-0.84％.There was no interference for Dabigatran levels by dTT assay for detecting Dabigatran when Hb≤3 g/L,triglyceride≤873 mg/dL,heparin≤2.2 IU/mL and FDP≤29 mg/L.The results of stability showed that plasma specimens for dTT could not be stored at room temperature more than 4 hours,at 4 ℃ more than 4 days,at-20 ℃ exceed 1 month,while at-80℃ the plasma specimens could be stored at least 6 months for dTT assay.Conclusion The precision,trueness,analytical measurement range,carryover rate,anti-biological interference of dTT assay may meet the requirement of clinical laboratory.The stability of the specimen can fulfill the clinical requirements.

M1/M2 macrophage polarization is involved in inflammatory injury and repair process of renal tissues / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the distribution and mechanism of M 1/M2 macrophages in inflammatory injury and repair process of renal tissues .METHODS: SD male rats ( n=45 ) were randomly divided into 2 parts: ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) renal injury.The rats with IRI were divided into sham operation group and operation groups (0, 6, 24, and 72 h after operation), and the rats with UUO were divided into sham operation group and operation groups (3, 7 and 14 d after operation).Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect serum levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen .The degree of renal injury in IRI group and UUO group were detected by HE staining.The expression of CD68 was examined by immunohistochemical staining .The levels of inducible nitric oxide syn-thase (iNOS), arginase-1 (Arg-1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were measured by ELISA.The polarizations of M1 ( CD68 +, F4/80 + and CD16/32 +) and M2 ( CD68 +, F4/80 +and CD206 +) macrophages were analyzed by flow cytometry .RESULTS:In IRI group, the infiltration of CD68 +macrophages and the degree of injury were increased with the prolongation of time in the renal tissues .At 24 h, the tissue injury and macrophage infiltration were the most serious , but then decreased .At 72 h, the tissue damage and CD68 +macrophage in-filtration were significantly reduced .In UUO group, obstructive injury was increased with the prolongation of time , and at 14 d, marked fibrous hyperplasia occurred .The infiltration of CD68 +macrophages at 7 d was the most serious , but then reduced at 14 d.Flow cytometry analysis showed that M 1 macrophages were the majority in the early stages of UUO and IRI, and the result of ELISA identified the higher level of iNOS .At the late stage of injury , the M1 macrophages were de-creased, while the M2 macrophages were increased with higher level of Arg-1.M1 macrophage-mediated early injury was due to the induction of TNF-αexpression, and M2 macrophage-mediated later recovery was due to enhancing TGF-β1 levels.CONCLUSION:The polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages is involved in the processes of UUO and IRI .M1 macrophages play a key role in early injury , and M2 macrophages contribute to the late stage of fibrotic repair .The polari-zation of macrophages during renal injury and repair provides a guiding significance for the clinical treatment .

Interactions between depolymerized fucosylated glycosaminoglycan and coagulation proteases or inhibitors.

Fucosylated glycosaminoglycan (FG) is a structurally novel glycosaminoglycan derivative, and it has potent anticoagulant activity. Depolymerized FG (dFG) is a selective factor Xase (FXase, FIXa-FVIIIa complex) inhibitor and it has antithrombotic action without major bleeding risks. In this study, we report the effects of dFG-3 (Mw ~14kDa) on the catalysis rates of factor IIa (FIIa), factor Xa (FXa) and factor IXa (FIXa) inhibition by antithrombin (AT), and the kinetic of the interactions between coagulation proteases or inhibitors and dFG-3 were also studied using biolayer interferometry (BLI) technology. We found that dFG-3 had much weaker catalysis activity of coagulation proteases inhibition by AT compared with heparin (UFH). The binding affinity of AT bound to dFG-3 was lower than UFH, and the UFH-AT interaction fitted well with biphasic-binding model while dFG-3-AT interaction was monophasic-binding, suggesting dFG-3 might not have allosteric activation effect on AT. The results are consistent with AT-independent inhibitory activities of dFG-3. dFG-3 could strongly bind to FIXa with much higher affinity than UFH, further explained the reason for its potent FXase inhibitory activity. Additionally, the binding ability of dFG-3 and FIXa decreased with decreasing molecular, and the fucose side chains and carboxyl groups of dFG-3 might be required for its high affinity binding with FIXa. Our data supports further the investigation of dFG-3 as a promising anticoagulant drug inhibiting the intrinsic FXase by binding to FIXa.

[Cross-sectional association between diabetes and obesity among the elderly of different genders in Yantai City].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the cross-sectional association between the incidence of diabetes and obesity among the elderly of different genders, which intends to provide the scientific basis for undertaking glycemia interventions in the early stage to be conducive to the old folks' health status in Yantai City. METHODS: A total of 986 old people (≥ 60 years old) were recruited from 4 districts in Laishan District Yantai City, Penglai City, Qixia City, Haiyang City by stratified cluster of random sampling and surveyed using questionnaires, while the physical examinations and blood glucose tests were conducted. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the cross-sectional association between the incidence of diabetes and obesity among the elderly of different genders in Yantai City. RESULTS: The rates of obesity and abdominal obesity were 10.04% and 60.85% among the old people in Yantai, respectively. The morbidity rate of diabetes was 10.85%. The influencing factors such as age, cultural standard, monthly income, past job category, smoking, drinking were adjusted, the fat old people had 3.121 times as much chance of suffering from obesity as the normal weight ones (OR = 3.121, 95% CI 1.978 - 5.119). And there was a gender difference between diabetes and obesity. The cross-sectional association between the incidence of diabetes and masculine obesity was of statistical significance alone (OR = 3.924, 95% CI 1.561 - 7.174). The elderly with the abdominal obesity 2.398 times as likely to suffer from diabetes as the elderly with the non-abdominal obesity (OR = 2.398, 95% CI 2.123 - 4.412). There was a gender difference between diabetes and abdominal obesity. The cross-sectional association between the incidence of diabetes and masculine abdominal obesity was of statistical significance alone (OR = 2.917, 95% CI 1.249 - 4.019). CONCLUSION: There are gender difference in the relationship between obesity, abdominal obesity and diabetes in the elderly in Yantai. BMI and waist circumference can be used as the predictive indexes of masculine diabetes.

The molecular and clinical verification of therapeutic resistance via the p38 MAPK-Hsp27 axis in lung cancer.

UNLABELLED: Treatment failure followed by relapse and metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer is often the result of acquired resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. A cancer stem cell (CSC)-mediated anti-apoptotic phenomenon is responsible for the development of drug resistance. The underlying molecular mechanism related to cisplatin resistance is still controversial, and a new strategy is needed to counteract cisplatin resistance. We used a nonadhesive culture system to generate drug-resistant spheres (DRSPs) derived from cisplatin-resistant H23 lung cancer cells. The expressions of drug-resistance genes, properties of CSCs, and markers of anti-apoptotic proteins were compared between control cells and DRSPs. DRSPs exhibited upregulation of cisplatin resistance-related genes. Gradual morphological alterations showing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenomenon and increased invasion and migration abilities were seen during induction of DRSPs. Compared with control cells, DRSPs displayed increased CSC and anti-apoptotic properties, greater resistance to cisplatin, and overexpression of p-Hsp27 via activation of p38 MAPK signaling. Knockdown of Hsp27 or p38 decreased cisplatin resistance and increased apoptosis in DRSPs. Clinical studies confirmed that the expression of p-Hsp27 was closely associated with prognosis. Overexpression of p-Hsp27 was usually detected in advanced-stage patients with lung cancer and indicated short survival. SUMMARY: DRSPs were useful for investigating drug resistance and may provide a practical model for studying the crucial role of p-Hsp27 in the p38 MAPK-Hsp27 axis in CSC-mediated cisplatin resistance. Targeting this axis using siRNA Hsp27 may provide a treatment strategy to improve prognosis and prolong survival in lung cancer patients.