Application of tissue spontaneous fluorescence in myocardial ischemia injury of rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim Todiscusstheapplicationoftissue spontaneous fluorescence in myocardial ischemia injury of rats based on specific fluorescence detection technol-ogy.Methods Thechangeofspontaneousfluores-cence was compared between the myocardial tissue of normal rats and those of rats with myocardial ischemia injury and an quantitative analysis was then made.Re-sult Theresultsshowedthatspontaneousfluorescence of myocardial tissue for myocardial ischemia injury changed significantly.Spontaneous fluorescence signal of injury considerably was enhanced.The fluorescence signal which was quantified by FX Pro had statistical significance compared with normal myocardial tissue,P<0.01orP<0.05.Conclusion Ourresearchshows that spontaneous fluorescence of myocardial tissue can be enhanced obviously after myocardial ischemia inju-ry.Our research provides a method for the research and evaluation of myocardial ischemia injury model in rats which can be used in positioning,qualitative and quan-titative comparative study and in pathological,physio-logical,pharmacological and mechanism study.

The value of the use of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide among acute ischemic stroke patients in a Chinese emergency department.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of the use of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) among acute ischemic stroke patients in a Chinese emergency department (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our ED, the emergency physicians prospectively assessed consecutive adult patients with acute phase of ischemic stroke and measured plasma BNP by Biosite Triage(®)BNP POCT platform on admission, then followed up these patients. And the stroke neurologists evaluated patients' functional outcome at hospital discharge, and also made discharge diagnosis and stroke etiologic subtypes according to TOAST criteria: large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardioembolism (CE), small-artery occlusion (SAO), stroke of other determined etiology (SOE) and stroke of other undetermined etiology (SUE). RESULTS: In this study, 142 of 238 acute ischemic stroke patients met the study criteria [mean age 70.84 ± 11.48 years, 74 (52.11%) female]. Of the 142 patients, 35.92% were diagnosed with LAA at discharge, 25.35% with CE, 27.46% with SAO, 11.27% with SOE or SUE. Age, previous cardiac disease, atrial fibrillation, the length of hospital stays, SSS score on admission ≤ 25 and mRS ≥ 3 or death at discharge were all significantly higher in the CE patients compared to other subtypes (p<0.01). And the mean BNP concentration was significantly higher in the CE group than in other three subtypes (p<0.001). The optimal cut-off concentration, sensitivity and specificity of the plasma BNP concentration suitable to distinguish CE from non-CE were 66.50 pg/ml, 75.0% and 88.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma BNP level is significantly higher in CE patients than in other TOAST subtypes, and by using Biosite Triage(®)BNP POCT platform, emergency physicians should strongly consider CE subtype with the plasma BNP level of over 66.50 pg/ml. However, the single BNP biomarker panel cannot be used to confidently rule out or identify stroke subtypes as a diagnosis and must be taken in context with clinical assessment and judgment before making management decisions in the ED.

Validation of the use of the ROSIER scale in prehospital assessment of stroke.

AIM: To determine the utility of the Recognition of Stroke in the Emergency Room (ROSIER) scale as a stroke recognition tool among Chinese patients in the prehospital setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Compared with the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS), emergency physicians prospectively used the ROSIER as a stroke recognition tool on suspected patients in the prehospital setting. And, the final discharge diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack made by neurologists, after assessment and review of clinical symptomatology and brain imaging findings, was used as the reference standard for diagnosis in the study. Then, the ROSIER and the CPSS like sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), related coefficient (r) and Kappa value were calculated. RESULTS: In this study, 540 of 582 suspected stroke patients met the study criteria. The CPSS showed a diagnostic Se of 88.77% (95% confidence intervals [CI] 86.11-91.43%), Sp of 68.79% (95% CI 64.88-72.70%), PPV of 87.40% (95% CI 85.97-88.83%), NPV of 71.52% (95% CI 67.71-75.33%) and r of 0.503. Relatively, the ROSIER showed a diagnostic Se of 89.97% (95% CI 87.44-92.64%), Sp of 83.23% (95% CI 80.08-86.38%), PPV of 92.66% (95% CI 90.46-94.86%), NPV of 77.91% (95% CI 74.41-81.41%) and r of 0.584. According to the final discharge diagnosis, both the ROSIER and the CPSS were associated with the final discharge diagnosis (P < 0.05).The Kappa statistic value of the ROSIER and the CPSS were 0.718 and 0.582, respectively. However, there was no statistical significance of the positive rate between the ROSIER and the CPSS in this study (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The ROSIER is a sensitive and specific stroke recognition tool for health providers' use among Chinese patients in the prehospital setting. However, it cannot be used to confidently rule out or identify stroke as a diagnosis. Comprehensive clinical assessment and further examination on potential stroke patients are still important and cannot be replaced. When it is difficult to objectively complete the ROSIER for patients, the CPSS could replace it in the prehospital setting.

Effect of Ligusticum chuanxiong extract on lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans and its underlying molecular mechanisms / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of Ligusticam chuanxiong extract (CXE) on lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans and investigate its underlyirig molecular mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The lifespan assay was carried out on animals grouped into blank control group and CXE groups with concentration from low to high: 12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg x L(-1) by examining the effect of CXE on mean lifespan and maximum lifespan of C. elegans. According to the result of lifespan assay, we cultured the animals with the optimal concentration of CXE for 10 days, and tested the expression change of aging-related genes between the control and CXE group by realtime RT-PCR (qRT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the control, 25, 50, 100 mg x L(-1) CXE all significantly extended the mean lifespan (15.7%, 9.1%, 6.2% respectively) and the maximum lifespan (15.0%, 6.8%, 6.6% respectively) of C. elegans. After treatment with 25 mg x L(-1) CXE the expression of hsp-70, skn-1 were obviously up-regulated while the expression of akt-2, tub-1 were significantly down-regulated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CXE significantly extend the lifespan of C. elegans, and the underlying molecular mechanism is related with genes of Insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway and dietary restriction system.</p>

Expression changes of age-related genes in different aging stages of Caenorhabiditis elegans and the regulating effects of Chuanxiong extract / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the expression changes of age-related genes in different stages of aging and the regulating effects of Chuanxiong extract on it.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>According to the different stages of aging, the experiments were tested at two time points of 2 d and 6 d. Using realtime RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) to test the expression change of aging-related genes among the groups.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the 2 d control group, the expression of age-1, daf-2, let-363 were up-regulated in the 6 d control group (P < 0.05) while the expression of ins-18, let-60, sir-2.1, sod-3 were down-regulated (P < 0.05). Compared with the 2 d administration group, the expression of age-1, daf-2, let-363 were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01) in the 6 d administration group after treated with CXE while the expression of ins-18, let-60, sir-2.1, sod-3 were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the progress of aging, the expression of age-1, daf-2, let-363 increased, functioning as aging-promoting genes; while the expression of ins-18, let-60, sir-2.1, sod-3 decreased, functioning as longevity genes; CXE extended the lifespan through inhibiting the expression of these aging-promoting genes and increasing the expression of longevity genes, which would be the molecular mechaniSm of anti-aging of traditional Chinese medicine that can promote Qi and activate blood.</p>

Effect of effective constituent recombination of Cortex Moutan on thrombosis in virtro and haemorheology in rat / 中华中医药杂志

Objective: To observe the effect effective constituent recombination of Cortex Moutan on thrombosis in virtro and haemorheology in rat. Methods: There were six groups: blangk group, aspirin group(50mg/k), crude drug (1200 mg/k), high dose group (Paeonol 100mg/kg+Paeoniflorin 25mg/kg), mid dose group (Paeonol 50mg/kg+Paeoniflorin 12.5mg/kg), low dose group (Paeonol 25mg/kg+Paeoniflorin 6.25mg/kg). The methods of thrombosis in vitro in rat, arteriovenous shut thrombosis and haemorheology were used to measure the index. Results: In high, middle, low doses groups, the legth,humid weight,dry weight of thrombosis in vitro in rat and thrombosis of arteriovenous shut reduced significantly (P

Appliance of PK/PD modeling in traditional chinese medicine research / 中国药理学通报

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic(PK/PD)modeling,as an available tool accounting for the interrelated dynamic connection between the dosage and efficiency of drugs,plays an important role in the field of studying the mechanism and optimizing the clinical administration of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Based on the general illustration on the foregoing application of PK/PD modeling,the present work investigates the involving challenges in the field,such as the selection of the target chemical composition and effect mark.In accordance with the unique properties of TCM,further,the related suggestions,mainly focusing on determining the substances based on the effect and establishing the multi-index appraise system,are put forward as reference for the following research work.

A shallow review of minimally invasive pharmacology and evidence-based pharmacology / 中国药理学通报

Development of minimally invasive medicine and needs of pharmacology and relevant fields lead to the establishment and expansion of minimally invasive pharmacology and evidence-based pharmacology. Some principal views on the minimally invasive pharmacology and evidence-based pharmacology are discussed in this review.

Effect of MPD on Acute Myocardial Ischemia in Dogs / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To study the protecitve effect of methy Protodioscin(MPD)on myocardial infarction in dogs. Methods Dog models of myocardial infarction were induced by ligation of coronary artery. The degree of myocardial ischemia was calculated by measuring the epicardial electrogram, and the myocardial infarction area was detected with N-BT histochemistry staining method. The changes of ET, 6-Keto-PGF1a, TXB2 in blood plasma were observed with radioimmunoassay. Meanwhile, the coronary blood flow was measured. Results MPD can obviously relieve the pathological changes of the acute myocardial infarction, decrease the infarction size, reduce the myocardium ischemic degree, dilate the coronary artery , and increase the myocardial blood supply. Meanwhile, MPD can improve the vascular endothelial cell function. Conclusion MPD had obvious effect for relieving acute myocardial infarction in dogs.

Effects of MPD on Heart Hemodynamics in Normal Anesthetic Dogs / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To investigate the pharmacological effects of MPD on heart hemodynamics and myocardial oxygen consumption in dogs, and to study its mechanism. Methods The changes of parameters such as blood pressure (BP), coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption and heart rates were observed in normal anesthetic dogs. Results Compared to those in the normal group, MPD can obviously lower the BP and peripheral vascular resistance, dilate the coronary and peripheral artery, increase the coronary blood flow and improve the left ventricle function and myocardium oxygen consumption rate. Conclusion MPD can improve the heart hemodynamics and regulate myocardium oxygen consumption.

Experimental Study on Effects of Qingxiang Concentrated Pill on Mammary Gland Hyperplasia in Rats / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Qingxiang Concentrated Pill (QCP) on mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH) in rats. Methods Injection of estradiol were given to establish rat models of MGH and QCP was given QCP at the same time. Pathologic changes of mammary gland in rats were observed under light microscope. Changes of breast diameter, mammary gland volume and weight were measured; serum sex hormones levels, SOD activity and MDA content were also estimated. Results QCP could decrease the increased breast diameter, mammary gland volume and weight, reduce the numbers of mammary gland lobules and mammary acini and the diameter of acinar cavities. It could also decrease eatradiol level and MDA content in serum, inhibit the decrease of the coefficient of thymus and increase the serum progesterone level. Conclusion QCP can regulate sex hormone levels, inhibit lipid peroxidation and relieve the pathologic changes of mammary gland in MGH rats.

Effects of Shuanglong Prescription on Heart Hemodynamics and Myocardial Oxygen Consumption in Dogs / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To investigate the pharmacological action of Shuanglong Prescription on cardiac function in dogs and to study its mechanism. Methods The changes of the parameters such as coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption and heart rates were observed in normal anesthetic dogs. Results Compared to those in the normal group, the coronary blood flow increased and the heart rates decreased in Shuanglong Prescription group. Conclusion Shuanglong Prescription can regulate and improve the cardiac function of dogs.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of active component in Guanxin Suhe Pills containing Radix Inulae in place of Radix Aristolochiae / 中草药

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics of the active component in series of Guanxin Suhe Pills including the prescription containing Radix Aristolochiae(QG),the prescription containing Radix Inulae(TG),and the prescription without any of them(BG) in Beagle dogs and to compare the pharmacokinetics among the series of prescription.Methods HPLC Method was developed to determine acid in plasma of Beagle dogs.Blood plasma was collected after series of Guanxin Suhe Pills were ig administrated to Beagle dogs 0—8 h later.The concentration of cinnamic acid in the plasma was determined and DAS 2.1 software was used in calculation of compartment model and pharmacokinetic parameters.Results The standard curve was linear from 0.031 25 to 32 mg/L in plasma of Beagle dogs,the lowest detectable limit was 31.25 ?g/L,the recovery rate of the method was over 90 % with satisfactory relative standard deviations(RSDs) of intra-day and inter-day both lower than 5 %.The metabolism of cinnamic acid in plasma of Beagle dogs after medication of series in QG,TG,and BG all fitted in a first order absorption of two-compartment model.The peak concentration and the area under curve in TG and BG groups had the higher tendency than those in the QG group,but there was no significant difference among the three groups.Conclusion The series of Guanxin Suhe Pills all have a similar pharmacokinetic process.Taking away the Radix Aristolochiae from the previous prescription that including the Radix Aristolochiae or taking the place of the Radix Aristolochiae with Radix Inulae does not influence the pharmacokinetic process of the main active component.

Effects of Different Compositions of Guanxin Ⅱ(GXⅡ)Prescription on Experimental Myocardial Infarct in Rats / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To compare effects of the whole prescription of Guanxin Ⅱ(GXⅡ),the hemorheologic agents and the Qi-regulating agents of the whole prescription on acute myocardial infarction in rats.Methods Acute myocardial infarct(AMI)model was established by coronary artery ligation,and then the model rats were treated with intraduodenal administration of different compositions of GXⅡ 5～10 minutes after the artery ligation.Five hours after modeling,blood was collected to determine the levels of endothelin(ET),thromboxane(TXB2),isoenzymes of creatine kinase(CK-MB)and andlactate dehydrogenase(LDH).The heart of rats was cut into five slices and dyed by nitrotetrazolium blue chloride(N-BT)for 5 minutes,and then the infarcted area(non-N-BT staining area)and the noninfarcted area(N-BT staining area)were detected.Results Compared to the model group,both the whole prescription of GXⅡ and the hemorheologic agents significantly reduced infarct size,ameliorated blood ET,TXB2,CK-MB and LDH levels(P

Therapeutic Effects of Methyl Protodioscin for Myocardial Infarction in Rats / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To study the therapeutic effects of methyl protodioscin (MPD ) on myocardial infarction in rats. Methods Rat models of myocardial infarction were induced by ligation of coranary artery. Then myocardium infarction area and the vasoactive substance were measured to evaluate the therapeutic effect of MPD on acute myocardial infarction in rats. Results Compared with the control group,MPD lessened the myocardial infarction size dramatically,inhibited the increase of CK and LDH ,lowered the increased MDA content level and improved the activity of SOD and NO. Conclusion MPD reduces the level of myocardium enzyme and the myocardial infarction size,and increases the capability of clearing oxygen free radical and function of the vascular endothelial cell. MPD by intravenous injection has a better effect than that by oral use.

Effects of Methyl Protodioscin on In-Vivo and In-Vitro Thrombosis and Blood Viscosity in Rats / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To investigate the effects of methyl protodioscin (MPD ) on in-vitro and in-vivo thrombosis and blood viscosity in rats. Methods The vitro thrombus was induced by Chandler method,and the length,wet and dry weight of the thrombus were measured. Thrombosis instrument was to observe the in-vivo occlusion time (OT). At the same time,determined the high-,middle-,low-shear blood viscosity as well as the plasma viscosity in rats was determined .Results Compared to normal group,middle-dose MPD group can delay the OT,and the high-dose group can decrease the length,wet and dry weight of in-vitro thrombus. The blood viscosity is reduced in all groups. Conclusion MPD can inhibit the in-vitro thrombosis,decrease the dry and wet weight of thrombus and delay the OT. Moreover,MPD has the effects of lowering the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity.

Therapeutic Effects of Shuanglong Prescription for Myocardial Infarction in Rats / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Shuanglong Prescription (SP) for experimental myocardial infarction in rats. Methods Rat models of myocardial infarction were induced by ligation of coronary artery. Fourteen days after treatment, myocardial infarction area, biochemical parameters and myocardial capillary density were detected to observe the effect of SP.Results After 14- day treatment, SP could reduce the area of myocardial infarction, increase the ratio of 6- keto- PGF1? and TXB2 and the capillary density.Conclusion SP has certain therapeutic effect for myocardial infarction in rats. 

Experimental Study on the Anaphylactoid Reaction induced by Qingkailing Injections on the Beagle Dogs / 中医杂志

Objective To study the sensitization of Qingkailing I njections produc ed in five pharmaceutical factories and the sensitization of each composition an d adminicle of Qingkailing Injections on the Beagle dogs by intravenous injectio n. Methods By intravenous injection with Qingkailing In jections produced by the five pharmaceutical factories and all the compositions and adminicles into the Beagle dogs, the behavior changes of the dogs were observed and the content of serum histamine, I gE, IgG, IgM, ECP and IL-4 were detected. Results The result was determined ac cording to the indices of both behavior changes and the serum histamine, IgE, Ig G, IgM, ECP and IL-4. Qingkailing Injections produced in three pharmaceutical f a ctories and the compositions, extract of gardenia and cholalic acid were positi ve in induc ing the anaphylactoid reaction. Conclusion The Qingkail ing Injections produced in three pharmaceutical factories can induce anaphylactoid reaction. The extrac t of gardenia and cholalic acid may be the relevant substance of anaphylactoid r eaction.

A STUDY ON THE MAIN PHARNACODYNAMICS OF KUNTAIAN / 中药新药与临床药理

The pharmacoclynamics of Kuntaian was studied. The results showed that it exerts an inhibiting effect on normal uterine smooth muscle in a dosedependent manner. It can counteract the violent uterine contraction induced by pituitrin, promote the growth of uterus of young mice, dilate the capilaries and accelerate blood circulation. It also exerts analgesic antiphlogistic antioneotie effects, suggesting that this drug may be applicable to the treatment of dysmanorrhea, irregular menstruation and pelvic infection.

Effect of Wei Yao on Experimental Gastric Ulcer in Rats / 中药新药与临床药理

The effect of Wei Yao on three kinds of experimental gastric ulcer rat models was reported. It was found that the drug can decrease the ulcer index and reduce the severity of gastric ulcer, and possesses an analgesic effect. The long-term toxicity test of Wei Yao showed that the drug was safe and nontoxic.