[Preliminary study of PPARA regulate the ferroptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma to prevent disease deterioration].

To explore whether PPARA is involved in the process of ferroptosis in hepatoma cells, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARA) was comprehensively analyzed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through public database and experimental data, including the expression, the functions and the potential roles of tumor progression. The research design is experimental research,data analysis based on bioinformatics and cell experiment. From January 2022 to August 2022, relevant cell experiments were conducted in the Basic Medical Laboratory of the General Hospital of the Southern Theatre of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. The expression and the correlation with clinicopathologic features of PPARA in HCC were analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. To study the protein expression of PPARA in HCC and normal tissues through the Human Protein Atlas (HPA). The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network between PPARA and the core factor of ferroptosis was constructed based on Search Tool for the Retrival of Interacting Genes/Protein (STRING) database, then, the correlation between PPARA and the core gene Glutamate-cysteine Ligase Catalytic Subunit (GCLC) was analyzed by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Assessed the expression of PPARA in HCC cell lines SK-HEP-1, SMMC-7721, MHCC-97H, BEL-7402 and normal liver cell L02 by Western Blot (WB) and the changes of PPARA expression after 48h treatment with ferroptosis inducer Erastin were observed. Single factor analysis of variance was used to compare the expression of PPARA between groups in GEPIA database. The expression of PPARA in GSE25097 and GSE112790 data was compared by rank sum test. Survival analysis was performed using time series test method. The difference of PPARA expression between clinical and pathological features was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The correlation between the expression of GCLC and PPARA was compared by the method of Spearman correlation. The expression of PPARA in cell lines was compared by paired T test. The results showed that the RNA and protein expression of PPARA in HCC was lower than that in normal tissues (P<0.05). PPARA alterations were correlated with patient clinicopathological features and prognosis (P<0.05). The PPI constructed by STRING database suggests that PPARA interact with the key factors of ferroptosis, such as NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 (NFE2L2), Heme Oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), Tumor Protein P53 (TP53), GCLC, Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4), Citrate Synthase (CS), Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase (ALOX15) and Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long Chain Family Member 4 (ACSL4). Furthermore, the PPARA was significantly associated with GCLC validated via GEPIA database(R=0.6, P<0.05). The expression of PPARA increased after treatment with ferroptosis inducer Erastin for 48 h by WB. In conclusion, the expression of PPARA is lower in HCC with a poor prognosis. PPARA interacts with GCLC in regulating ferroptosis in HCC.

Effect of 6-month high-impact step aerobics and resistance training on BMD and tibial bending strength in sedentary premenopausal women.

The rationale of this study was to examine the effectiveness of 6-month high-impact step aerobics (SA) or moderate-intensity resistance training exercise (RT) on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone bending strength in sedentary women. Results show that SA enhanced BMD in the heel, lower leg, and lumbar spine 2. INTRODUCTION: To determine the effectiveness of 6 months of high-impact step aerobics (SA) or moderate-intensity resistance training (RT) on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and tibial bending strength in sedentary premenopausal women. METHODS: Sixty-nine women (20-35 years old) who were randomly assigned to RT (n = 22), SA (n = 26), or non-treatment control (CON, n = 21) groups completed the study. SA had a minimum of 50 high-impact landings each training session. RT had a periodized lower body resistance training program incorporating eight exercises (65-85% of 1 repetition maximum: 1-RM). Both RT and SA met 3 times weekly. aBMD was assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Tibial bending strength was assessed using mechanical response tissue analysis (MRTA). Measurements at 6 months were compared to baseline using ANCOVA, adjusted for baseline measures and covariates with α = 0.05. RESULTS: Calcaneus aBMD (0.0176 vs -0.0019 or -0.0009 g/cm2 relative to RT, p < 0.004, and CON, p < 0.006, respectively), lower leg aBMD (0.0105 vs -0.0036 g/cm2, relative to RT, p = 0.02), and lumbar spine 2 (L2) aBMD (0.0082 vs -0.0157 g/cm2 relative to CON, p < 0.02) were significantly greater in the SA group after 6 months. Tibial bending strength and bone resorption biomarkers were unchanged in all three groups after 6 months. CONCLUSION: Sedentary premenopausal women engaging in 6 months of high-impact aerobic exercise improved aBMD in the calcaneus, lower leg, and L2.

Association between body mass index, bone bending strength, and BMD in young sedentary women.

The rationale was to determine whether body mass index (BMI) is a predictor of bone bending strength and bone mineral density (BMD) in young sedentary women. Results show that BMI is not a predictor of bone bending strength and that young women with low BMI also have low BMD. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine whether body mass index (BMI) is a predictor of tibial or ulnar bending strength and bone mineral density (BMD) in sedentary women. METHODS: Sedentary women (n = 34), age 19-27 years, with low BMI (LBMI < 18.5 kg/m2, n = 16), and normal or high BMI (NHBMI between 18.5 and 29.9 kg/m2, n = 18) participated as study subjects. Study outcomes included tibial and ulnar bending strength (EI in Nm2) using a non-invasive mechanical response tissue analyzer (MRTA); BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) of the whole body (WB), femoral neck (FN), total hip (TH), lumbar spine 1-4 (LS1-4), and ulna; and bone turnover biomarkers. RESULTS: The LBMI group have lower (p < 0.01) body weight [group difference (Δ) = 32.0%], lean mass (LM) (Δ = 23.1%), fat mass (FM) (Δ = 77.2%), and tibial bending strength (Δ = 22.0%), compared to the NHBMI. The LBMI group also have lower (all p < 0.025) BMC in WB (Δ = 19.9%), FN (Δ = 20.1%) and TH (Δ = 19.0%), compared to the NHMBI, not in BMD results. Multivariate regression analysis shows that significant predictors of tibial bending strength are tibia length (adjusted R2 = .341), age (adjusted R2 = .489), ulna BMD (adjusted R2 = .536), and LM (adjusted R2 = .580). BMI was positively correlated with tibial EI (p < 0.05), height, weight, FM, LM, body fat% (all p < 0.01), and BMD of WB, FN, TH, and LS 1-4 (p < 0.05 or < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that BMI is not a significant predictor of tibial or ulnar bending strength in young sedentary women.

Effect of high-impact aerobics and strength training on BMD in young women aged 20-35 years.

To evaluate the effects of a 12-month exercise intervention using either high-impact step aerobic exercise or moderate-intensity strength training on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) we studied 51 untrained women, aged 20-35 years, for this study. Whole body and heel and wrist aBMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, Hologic or PIXI Lunar). Subjects were randomly assigned to: impact-loaded step aerobic exercise (SA, n=15), moderate-intensity lower body strength training (ST, n=16) or non-exercise control (CON, n=20). Data analysis only included those who completed 95% of each training routine and attended at least 80% of all sessions. Group differences in aBMD, leg press strength and urinary cross-link deoxypridinoline (µDPD) were analysed using analysis of variance. After a 12-month intervention, the SA elicited an increase in aBMD of the heel (4.4%, p<0.05) and leg press strength (15%, p<0.05), relative to baseline. Meanwhile, the ST showed an increase in leg press strength (48%, p<0.05) with no significant increase in aBMD at any measured site. Similar and unchanged µDPD was observed in all 3 groups at baseline, 6 and 12 months. In conclusion, a 12-month high-impact step aerobic exercise resulted in a significant increase in the heel aBMD in untrained young women, who complied with the exercise regimen. A moderate intensity strength training intervention of similar duration had no effect on aBMD although leg strength increased significantly.

Preoperative blood sugar and C-reactive protein associated with persistent discharge after incision and drainage for patients with deep neck abscesses.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood sugar correlated with persistent discharge after incision and drainage for patients with deep neck abscesses. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective data analysis. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 204 patients who underwent operation for deep neck abscess. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Persistent discharge after operation. RESULTS: One hundred seventy patients were included for final analyses. Most of the patients were male (n = 115; 68%) and the average age was 54 years. Using logistic regression analyses, age >55 years [odds ratio (OR): 3.053; P = 0.002], preoperative CRP >15 mg/dL (OR: 2.174; P = 0.027), and preoperative blood sugar >8.3 mmol/L (OR: 3.280; P = 0.001) were independent factors correlated with persistent discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Older age, elevated preoperative CRP level and blood sugar had a statistically significant association with persistent discharge after operation in deep neck abscesses patients.

Effect of cooling on muscular health prior to running a marathon.

To examine the effects of a prerace whole-body cold shower on muscle soreness (MS) and on serum creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) isoenzyme activities, 16 experienced distance runners were randomly assigned to one of two treatment categories prior to running a marathon: cold shower (n = 8) or without cold shower (n = 8). Venous blood samples were drawn 3 days before the race, 10 minutes before the race, immediately (within 3 minutes) after the race, and at 1, 24, 48, and 96 hours postrace. Nine muscle sites were evaluated for soreness 10 minutes before the race, immediately after the race, and at 24, 48, and 96 hours postrace. The results showed a marked (P < .05) difference between the cold shower group and the group without cold showers for CK-MB/CK ratio, and no difference for CK, CK-MB, and MS. Both CK and CK-MB values peaked at 24 hours postrace. MS occurred most frequently immediately after the race and at 24 hours postrace. The MS was completely resolved in all subjects by 96 hours postrace. The most frequently reported sites of MS were the quadriceps, followed by the gastrocnemius, the soleus, and the tibialis anterior. Severe MS was rated highest at the quadriceps and the soleus, and the least at the gastrocnemius and the tibialis anterior. The data suggest that prerace whole-body cold showers neither prevented the production of serum CK and its MB fraction, nor attenuated MS after a marathon. Peak serum CK and CK-MB activity was not associated with the onset of MS.

A new method for true and spurious eigensolutions of arbitrary cavities using the combined Helmholtz exterior integral equation formulation method.

Integral equation methods have been widely used to solve interior eigenproblems and exterior acoustic problems (radiation and scattering). It was recently found that the real-part boundary element method (BEM) for the interior problem results in spurious eigensolutions if the singular (UT) or the hypersingular (LM) equation is used alone. The real-part BEM results in spurious solutions for interior problems in a similar way that the singular integral equation (UT method) results in fictitious solutions for the exterior problem. To solve this problem, a Combined Helmholtz Exterior integral Equation Formulation method (CHEEF) is proposed. Based on the CHEEF method, the spurious solutions can be filtered out if additional constraints from the exterior points are chosen carefully. Finally, two examples for the eigensolutions of circular and rectangular cavities are considered. The optimum numbers and proper positions for selecting the points in the exterior domain are analytically studied. Also, numerical experiments were designed to verify the analytical results. It is worth pointing out that the nodal line of radiation mode of a circle can be rotated due to symmetry, while the nodal line of the rectangular is on a fixed position.

Skin temperature and skin blood flow affect bioelectric impedance study of female fat-free mass.

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of skin temperature (Ts) and skin blood flow (SKBF) on bioelectrical impedance (BIA) measurements of body composition in healthy young females. METHODS: The Lukaski (FFM(LUK)) and Guo (FFM(GUO)) BIA equations for measuring female fat-free mass (FFM) were used. All subjects (N = 20, age = 18-22 yr) underwent the following measurements under three ambient temperatures (T(amb)): Ts and SKBF for the calf, thigh, biceps, and chest; oral temperature (T(OR)); and the BIA measures of resistance (R) and reactance (Xc). The three T(amb) were 17, 25, and 35 degrees C which were considered as cold (CT), neutral (NT), and hot (HT) conditions, respectively. Their underwater weighing (UWW), lung residual volume, and skinfold thickness were measured in the NT. Data were analyzed using repeated measures of ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test. RESULTS: We observed that in the CT mean SKBF and Ts decreased (P < 0.05) and R and Xc increased (P < 0.05), compared with those in both NT and HT. However, in the HT both SKBF and Ts increased and R deceased, but Xc remained unchanged relative to the NT. In these subjects, a net change in Ts of 17 degrees C resulted in a net change in the BIA measure of R of 46 ohms or 2.5 ohms per degree C. These changes affected the estimate of FFM(LUK) between CT, NT, and HT, but not the estimate of FFM(GUO) Regarding the two BIA equations for estimating FFM, the Guo equation underestimated FFM(UWW) (P < 0.05) in the CT, NT, and HT, and the Lukaski equation underestimated FFM(UWW) (P < 0.05) only in the CT, compared with that in the UWW technique. CONCLUSIONS: Ambient temperature affects Ts and SKBF which in turn influence the BIA measures of R and Xc, especially in the cold ambient temperature; the Guo BIA equation consistently underestimated FFM of young nonobese Chinese women in all temperatures; and the Lukaski equation closely approximates the FFM in the neutral and hot conditions compared with the FFM(UWW).

Balance and strength of elderly Chinese men and women.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether there was a difference between Chinese men and women in postural balance, and muscular strength and endurance; and the effect of participation and non-participation in regular exercise by these elderly Chinese adults on postural balance, and muscular strength and endurance. Chinese men (n = 328) and women (n = 210), age 65 to 80 years, were recruited as subjects (n=538). They were grouped by age: 65-69 (G1), 70-74 (G2), and 75-80 (G3) years old, and classified by exercise status as participation (E) and non-participation in regular exercise (NE). All subjects underwent the following tests: one-leg standing balance with eyes open (OEB) and eyes closed (CEB), timed sit-to-stand from a chair (STS), and repeated sit-to-stand from a chair for 30 sec (STS30). Analysis of covariance (2 x 2 ANCOVA) with weight, height and body mass index as covariates revealed that there were differences (p<0.05) between genders, age, and exercise status for the OEB and CEB tests. The OEB & CEB tests performance declined with advancing age in both E & NE groups. For the STS test, no difference was detected between genders, but there was a difference between age and exercise status. For the STS30 test, there was a difference between genders, age, and exercise status. Based on the present results, it was concluded that: 1) the 75-80 yr old elderly Chinese men and women showed greater decline in postural balance, and muscular strength and endurance compared to the younger (age 65-70 yr) elderly persons, 2) elderly Chinese women were poorer in postural balance, and in muscular strength and endurance relative to men, 3) participation in regular exercise helped in the retainment of postural balance, and of muscular strength and endurance compared to the non-exercisers.

Effects of skin blood flow and temperature on bioelectric impedance after exercise.

To examine the effects of increased skin blood flow (BFsk) and skin temperature (Tsk) on bioelectric impedance (BIA), 30 young males participated as subjects. All subjects underwent the following measurements: 1) BFsk and Tsk for the chest, biceps, thigh, and calf; 2) body composition using the BIA prediction equations and underwater weighting (UW); and 3) triceps skinfold (SFtri) thickness. After the baseline studies (M1) the subjects exercised for 30 min at approximately 83% of maximal heart rate. The above measurements were repeated immediately after exercise (M2), and at 1-h recovery from exercise (M3). Repeated measures ANOVA showed that mean Tsk and BFsk, and for the four measured sites were significantly increased from M1 to M2 (P < 0.05) and decreased from M2 to M3 (P < 0.05). These changes did not affect BIA measurement for resistance (R) and reactance between M1 and M2 (P > 0.05), and between M2 and M3 (P > 0.05). With regression analysis the following independent variables were identified as strong contributing factors for predicting fat-free mass (FFM): 1) SFtri and total body water for M1 and M3; and 2) WT, SFtri, and Tsk of the chest for M2. Two FFM equations have little multicolinearity (M1 and M2), e.g., they have low root mean square errors (< or = 2.6 kg), very high values for R2 (> or = 0.94), and relatively low values for coefficient of variations (< or = 5.65%). Differences (P < 0.05) were observed between the UW method and the Lukasi equation for estimating FFM for M1 and M3, but not for M2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Do medical students' knowledge and attitudes about health and exercise affect their physical fitness?

This study examined the relationship between unselected first-year medical students' knowledge and attitudes about health or exercise and their personal physical fitness. The 131 subjects performed a maximal exercise test to determine physical fitness by measuring maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), underwent hydrostatic weighing to assess body fat content (percent body fat), and completed a questionnaire to measure their knowledge and attitudes about health promotion/disease prevention and exercise. Many independent variables were significantly associated with VO2max in bivariate analyses, but only percent body fat, resting systolic blood pressure, and perceived barriers to health promotion/disease prevention and to exercise were significant predictors of VO2max (mL x kg-1 x min-1) in the multivariate analyses. The absolute VO2max (L x min-1) can be predicted from percent body fat, weight, and perceived barriers to health promotion/disease prevention. Freshmen medical students' attitudes toward health promotion/disease prevention and exercise constitute one of three strong predictors of physical fitness levels and should be determined, along with percent body fat and resting systolic blood pressure, when estimating fitness levels in a medical student population.

Effects of anabolic steroids and endurance exercise on cardiac performance.

This study examined the effects of anabolic steroids and exhaustive endurance exercise, and the combination of both treatments on in vitro cardiac contractile function. Fifty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned, in groups of 13, to one of the four groups: sedentary control (C), steroid-treated (ST), exercise-trained (E), and exercise plus steroid treated (E+S). Nandrolone decanoate was administered to the steroid-treated groups every 7-9 days during the 10 weeks study, while the C and E groups received glycerol injection on these occasions. The exercised rats ran on a treadmill wearing a collar weight (2-3% of body weight) for 50 min, 5 days a week. In vitro ventricular performance was assessed in isolated Langendorff perfused hearts in response to increasing left ventricular balloon volumes. Left ventricular +dP/dt, dP/dt at 60 mmHg developed pressure, tension time index, and Emax (slope of the pressure-volume curves) were significantly (p < 0.05) lowered in the E+S group, as compared to the C, E, or ST group. Meanwhile, the E group exhibited a higher (p < 0.05) left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) than the C and E+S groups. No significant differences in dP/dt/P, heart weight (wt), and heart wt to body wt ratio were detected among the four groups. Rats subjected to endurance exercise or anabolic steroid treatment alone exhibited no change in LV function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of exercise training and anabolic steroids on plantaris and soleus phospholipids: a 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study.

1. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exercise, anabolic steroid treatment, and a combination of both treatments on the phospholipid composition of predominantly fast twitch (plantaris) and slow twitch (soleus) skeletal muscles. The 4 experimental groups analyzed were sedentary control (C), steroid-treated (S), exercise-trained (E), and exercise plus steroid-treated (ES). 2. Among the 11 phospholipids quantitated, for the plantaris muscle, phosphatidylcholine was reduced in ES relative to C, while phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen were elevated in E and ES relative to C. For the soleus muscle, phosphatidylserine was reduced in S and E relative to C, and cardiolipin was elevated in E relative to C. 3. Of the 27 metabolic indices calculated for the plantaris, 15 changed significantly among E and ES relative to S and C, while for the soleus, only three indices changed among the four groups, two among E and ES relative to S and C and one between S and C. 4. For the plantaris muscle, the results are consistent with an exercise-induced alteration of membrane phospholipid composition that increases ion translocation activity. For the soleus muscle, this membrane alteration essentially does not take place. 5. Steroid treatment had little to no statistically significant effect on plantaris and soleus muscle phospholipid systems, regardless of the imposed regimen.

NMR spectroscopy study of heart phospholipids. An exercise and anabolic steroids effect.

Because 31P NMR spectral analysis of phospholipid (PL) is an accurate and rapid technique for resolving the quantity of PL resonances and involving minimum chemical manipulations that may affect the integrity of the tissue (24-26), we studied the effect of anabolic steroid injection, exercise training, or a combination of both treatments on whole heart phospholipids using 31P NMR spectral analysis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 11 each: sedentary control (C), steroid-treated (ST), exercise-trained (E), and exercise plus steroid-treated (ES). The ST and ES rats were administered nandrolone decanoate by i.m. injection every 7-9 d during the 10 wk study, while the C and E rats were injected with glycerol. The exercise rats ran on a treadmill, wearing a collar weight for 50 min/day, 5 days/wk. There was a significant difference in body wt among the four groups at the conclusion of the study; however, no significant differences in heart wt or in the ratio of heart wt:body wt were observed among the four groups. Myocardial phospholipid profiles of the exercise-trained rats were significantly (p less than 0.05) different from those of the untrained rats. The changes were enhanced somewhat by the steroid treatment. The profiles differed in the relative amounts of four of the nine myocardial phospholipids detected: phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), PE plasmalogen, and phosphatidylserine. We conclude that the observed changes in whole heart phospholipid compositions are due to experimental treatment specifically from exhaustive exercise and not from anabolic steroids or cardiac hypertrophy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)