ABSTRACT
An increasing number of clinicians have been utilising orthodontic mini-screws as temporary anchorage devices (TAD) in their practices, but variable successful rates have been reported. Here, we introduce a practical approach to inserting mini-screws successfully. Using computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technology, the surgical guide for pre-drilling was designed and fabricated and mini-screws were placed following pre-drilling holes in two cases. Two Ø2.0 × 10.0-mm mini-screws were inserted into the prepared holes in the mandibular buccal shelf (MBS) on both sides with a hand driver to distalise the lower molars for Class III correction. The treatment was done successfully, after 12 months of treatment in one case. Two Ø1.6 × 8.0-mm mini-screws were inserted into the prepared holes in the mandibular alveolar process in another case with congenital absence of lower right second premolar. One mini-screw was in the buccal alveolar process between the mandibular right canine and first premolar and the other in the lingual alveolar process between the mandibular right first premolar and second primary molar. The lower right molars would be protracted to close the space left after the extraction of the primary molar using the two mini-screws. The case was still in treatment.
Subject(s)
Molar , Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures , Molar/surgery , Mandible/surgery , Technology , Computer-Aided Design , Bone ScrewsABSTRACT
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Given the comments of Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this article " the Western blot bands in all 400+ papers are all very regularly spaced and have a smooth appearance in the shape of a dumbbell or tadpole, without any of the usual smudges or stains. All bands are placed on similar looking backgrounds, suggesting they were copy/pasted from other sources, or computer generated", the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.
Subject(s)
Cell Proliferation , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , MicroRNAs/genetics , Osteoblasts/cytology , PTEN Phosphohydrolase/metabolism , Animals , Apoptosis , Cell Movement , Cells, Cultured , Mice , Osteoblasts/drug effects , Osteoblasts/metabolism , PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of SB202190, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK signaling pathway, on the expression levels of IL-6 and NF-κB in flap ischemia-reperfusion injury. Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups of 12 each. For the ischemia-reperfusion group, the flap was constructed and then sutured after 8 h of ischemia. For the saline group, rats were intraperitoneally infused with saline at regular intervals after flap ischemia-reperfusion. For the inhibitor group, rats were intraperitoneally infused with SB202190 at regular intervals after flap ischemia-reperfusion. For the control group, the flap was constructed and then sutured immediately. The flap survival rate of each group was measured after 7 days. The concentration of IL-6 in serum was measured by ELISA kit. The mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-6 and NF-κB in the flap were measured using RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. In the ischemia-reperfusion group and the saline group, the flap survival rates were much lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). By contrast, the mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-6 and NF-κB in the flap and the concentration of IL-6 in serum were much higher (P<0.05). In the inhibitor group, the flap survival rate was significantly higher than those in the ischemia-reperfusion and saline groups (P<0.05). By contrast, the concentration of IL-6 in serum and the mRNA and protein expression levels of NF-κB and IL-6 in the flap were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The results show that, SB202190 played a role in the protection of the flap by reducing the inflammatory response in flap ischemia-reperfusion injury.
