ABSTRACT
We present a method for the fast computation of the intersection between a ray and the geometry of a scene. The scene geometry is simplified with a 2D array of voxelizations computed from different directions, sampling the space of all possible directions. The 2D array of voxelizations is compressed using a vector quantization approach. The ray-scene intersection is approximated using the voxelization whose rows are most closely aligned with the ray. The voxelization row that contains the ray is looked up, the row is truncated to the extent of the ray using bit operations, and a truncated row with non-zero bits indicates that the ray intersects the scene. We support dynamic scenes with rigidly moving objects by building a separate 2D array of voxelizations for each type of object, and by using the same 2D array of voxelizations for all instances of an object type. We support complex dynamic scenes and scenes with deforming geometry by computing and rotating a single voxelization on the fly. We demonstrate the benefits of our method in the context of interactive rendering of scenes with thousands of moving lights, where we compare our method to ray tracing, to conventional shadow mapping, and to imperfect shadow maps.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Disseminated fungal infections are a known serious complication in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) following orthotopic lung transplantation. Aspergillus fumigatus and Scedosporium species are among the more common causes of invasive fungal infection in this population. However, it is also important for clinicians to be aware of other emerging fungal species which may require markedly different antifungal therapies. CASE SUMMARY: We describe the first laboratory-documented case of a fatal disseminated fungal infection caused by Rasamsonia aegroticola in a 21-year-old female CF patient status post-bilateral lung transplantation, which was only identified post-mortem. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of the identical Rasamsonia strains in the patient's respiratory cultures preceding transplantation. DISCUSSION: We propose that the patient's disseminated fungal disease and death occurred as a result of recrudescence of Rasamsonia infection from her native respiratory system in the setting of profound immunosuppression post-operatively. Since Rasamsonia species have been increasingly recovered from the respiratory tract of CF patients, we further review the literature on these fungi and discuss their association with invasive fungal infections in the CF lung transplant host. CONCLUSION: Our report suggests Rasamsonia species may be important fungal pathogens that may have fatal consequences in immunosuppressed CF patients after solid organ transplantation.
Subject(s)
Cystic Fibrosis/surgery , Immunosuppression Therapy , Lung Diseases, Fungal , Lung Transplantation , Opportunistic Infections , Postoperative Complications , Adult , Fatal Outcome , Female , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects , Immunosuppression Therapy/methods , Invasive Fungal Infections/diagnosis , Invasive Fungal Infections/etiology , Invasive Fungal Infections/physiopathology , Lung Diseases, Fungal/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Fungal/etiology , Lung Diseases, Fungal/physiopathology , Lung Transplantation/adverse effects , Lung Transplantation/methods , Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Opportunistic Infections/etiology , Opportunistic Infections/physiopathology , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/physiopathologyABSTRACT
We report a case of fungemia in an immunocompetent patient after administration of probiotic containing Saccharomyces boulardii. We demonstrated the strain relatedness of the yeast from the probiotic capsule and the yeast causing fungal infection using genomic and proteomic typing methods. Our study questions the safety of this preventative biotherapy.
Subject(s)
Fungemia/drug therapy , Fungemia/microbiology , Probiotics/adverse effects , Saccharomyces boulardii/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Diarrhea/drug therapy , Diarrhea/prevention & control , Fluconazole/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mycological Typing Techniques , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Pyrimidines/therapeutic use , Sulfonamides/therapeutic useABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Si' an Capsule combined Enalapril on hypertensive trough/peak ratio (T/P) and circadian rhythm of blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension (EH). METHODS: Sixty patients with EH of stage II, III were randomly divided into two groups, the 30 patients in the treated group were treated with Si' an capsule combined Enalapril, and the 30 patients in the control group were treated with Enalapril alone. All patients were given 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring before and after 4 weeks treatment. T/P of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP) of each group were calculated. Circadian rhythm of blood pressure was observed at the same time. RESULTS: T/P of SBP and DBP in the treated group was 62.4 +/- 7.0% and 66.3 +/- 8.1% respectively, which was obviously higher than that in the control group, 53.3 +/- 6.7% and 60.1 +/- 7.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). The blood pressure circadian rhythm recovering rate in the treated group was 73.3% and in the control group 50%, the difference was insignificant. CONCLUSION: The combination therapy of Si' an capsule and Enalapril could lower the blood pressure smoothly and restore the circadian rhythm of blood pressure in EH patients.
