[Effects of three sequential occlusal adjustment methods by articulating papers on the characteristics of implant delayed occlusion for single molar].

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of three occlusal adjustment methods in different sequences by articulating paper on the delayed occlusal characteristics of single molars. METHODS: Thirty-two implants of first molars were divided into group A(n=12), group B (n=12) and group C (n=12) by sequential adjustment according to random number means, and (100+40), (100+50+30) and (100+40+20) µm sequence occlusal papers were used for occlusal adjustment, respectively. TeeTester was used to measure the delay time and force ratio between prosthesis and adjacent teeth at restoration day, 3 and 6 months after restoration, and to record the number of cases readjusting in each group during follow-up. SPSS 25.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: There were significant differences in delay time between groups at restoration day (P＜0.05), and 3 and 6 months after restoration, delay time of group C was still smaller than that of group A and B (P＜0.05). During follow-up, the time of each group showed a trend of shortening (P＜0.05), but there was still delayed occlusion. Compared with group B and C, the force ratio in group A was lower at each time(P＜0.05). The ratio of each group showed an increasing trend during follow-up (P＜0.05), and group C showed the largest increase (P＜0.001). The number of cases readjusting was relatively small in group A, and the most was in group C(P＜0.05). There was positive correlation between delay time and force difference of prosthesis and adjacent teeth(P＜0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The (100+40) µm sequence group had higher occlusal stability and better clinical applicability. The smaller the occlusal contact space realized by the sequential method, the greater the change might be, which requires close follow-up in clinical practice.

[Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome caused by CCDC22 gene mutation: a case report].

A boy, aged 1 month, attended the hospital due to feeding difficulty and hypotonia. He had unusual facial features (prominent forehead, hypertelorism, ptosis of the lateral canthus, thin upper lip, and low-set ears), hypotonia, and a decreased score of neonatal behavioral neurological assessment. Heart ultrasound showed atrial septal defect. Cranial MRI showed widened supratentorial ventricle, cerebral cistern, and subarachnoid space. High-throughput whole-exome sequencing of the boy detected a hemizygous mutation, c.315_320delTGAGCG, in the CCDC22 gene, which came from his mother, while such mutation was not found in his father. The unusual facies, clinical manifestations, and inheritance pattern of this boy were consistent with the manifestations of Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome reported abroad. This is a report for the first time of a case of X-linked recessive Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome caused by the hemizygous mutation c.315_320delTGAGCG in the CCDC22 gene in Chinese population.

Imaginal disc growth factor maintains cuticle structure and controls melanization in the spot pattern formation of Bombyx mori.

The complex stripes and patterns of insects play key roles in behavior and ecology. However, the fine-scale regulation mechanisms underlying pigment formation and morphological divergence remain largely unelucidated. Here we demonstrated that imaginal disc growth factor (IDGF) maintains cuticle structure and controls melanization in spot pattern formation of Bombyx mori. Moreover, our knockout experiments showed that IDGF is suggested to impact the expression levels of the ecdysone inducible transcription factor E75A and pleiotropic factors apt-like and Toll8/spz3, to further control the melanin metabolism. Furthermore, the untargeted metabolomics analyses revealed that BmIDGF significantly affected critical metabolites involved in phenylalanine, beta-alanine, purine, and tyrosine metabolism pathways. Our findings highlighted not only the universal function of IDGF to the maintenance of normal cuticle structure but also an underexplored space in the gene function affecting melanin formation. Therefore, this study furthers our understanding of insect pigment metabolism and melanin pattern polymorphisms.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 3-alkoxyjatrorrhizine derivatives.

The compounds 3-ethoxy- ( 2), 3-butoxy- ( 3), 3-hexyloxy- ( 4), 3-octyloxy- ( 5), 3-decyloxy- ( 6) and 3-dodecyloxyjatrorrhizine chlorides ( 7) were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial activity in vitro to evaluate structure-activity relationships. Substitution of the H with alkyl groups at C-3-OH led to significant changes in the antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of the substituted derivatives was 32 - 1000 times higher than that of jatorrhizine ( 1), which increased as the aliphatic chain was elongated and then decreased slightly when the alkyl chain exceeded eight carbon atoms. 3-Octyloxyjatrorrhizine ( 5) displayed the highest antimicrobial activity of all compounds. The LD (50) values of compounds 1 - 7 were more than 6000 mg/kg body weight, showing a low toxicity. The toxicities of compounds 2 - 7 were slightly lower than that of ( 1).