Analysis on Feasibility of Electronic Nose Technology for Identification of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus from Authenticity and Specifications / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To establish a new fast and accurate method for identifying the authenticity and specifications of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus based on electronic nose technology， and to discuss the feasibility of this technology in the identification of decoction pieces. Method:Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus was used as the research object， 80 batches of samples to be tested were collected， and the olfactory sensory data of the electronic nose were taken as independent variables （<italic>X</italic>）， the results of the method contained in the 2020 edition of <italic>Chinese Pharmacopoeia</italic> were taken as the focus， and the traditional empirical identification results were used as benchmarking information （<italic>Y</italic>）. Four chemometric methods， including discriminant analysis （DA）， least square support vector machine （LS-SVM）， principal component analysis-DA （PCA-DA） and partial least squares-DA （PLS-DA）， were used to establish the identification model ［<italic>Y</italic>=<italic>F</italic>（<italic>X</italic>）］ of authenticity and commodity specifications of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus， respectively. Wherein， the identification accuracy and time-consuming was taken as indicators to discuss the results. Result:After cross-verification by leave-one-out method， the correct rates of the above four models were 93.75%， 91.25%， 95.00% and 95.00%， respectively， and the PCA-DA and PLS-DA identification models were the best in terms of authenticity identification. In specification identification， the correct rates of these four models were 86.67%， 88.00%， 89.33% and 68.00%， respectively， and the PCA-DA identification model was the best. The electronic nose had a high accuracy in the identification of authenticity and specification model， and the time consuming was relatively short. Conclusion:Electronic nose technology can identify Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus accurately and quickly， and has significant advantages in terms of timeliness and correct judgment rate.

A rapid identification of authenticity and specifications of Chinese medicine Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus based on E-eye technology / 中国中药杂志

The quality of traditional Chinese medicine tablets is correlated with clinical efficacy and drug safety, and plays a great role in promoting the development of traditional Chinese medicine. However, the existing traditional artificial identification and modern instrument detection in terms of accuracy and timeliness have both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, how to quickly and accurately identify the quality of traditional Chinese medicine tablets has become a high-profile issue. The purpose of this paper is to explore the feasibility of the application of electronic eye technology in the study of rapid identification of traditional Chinese medicine quality. A total of 80 batches of samples were collected and tested by Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus for traditional empirical identification(M_1) and modern pharmacopeia(M_2). The optical data was collected from electronic eyes, and the chemical metrology was used to establish suitable discrimination models(M_3). Four authenticity and commodity specification models, namely identification analysis(DA), minimum bidirectional support vector machine(LS-SVM), partial minimum two-multiplier analysis(PLS-DA), main component analysis identification analysis(PCA-DA), were established, respectively. The accuracies of the authenticity identification models were 82.5%, 90.0%, 96.2% and 93.8%, while the accuracies of the commodity specification identification models were 89.3%, 96.0%, 90.7% and 97.3%, respectively. The models were well judged, the authenticity identification was based on the final identification model of PLS-DA, and the commodity specification was based on the final identification model of PCA-DA. There was no significant difference between its accuracy and M_1, and the time of determination was much shorter than M_2(P<0.01). Therefore, electronic-eye technology could be used for the rapid identification of the quality of Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus.

[Design of ABC damage variable and positioning system for acetabular fractures and 1122 cases multi-center statistic analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To design ABC damage variable and positioning system for acetabular fracture and explore the feasibility and clinical practical value of the system through the multi-center analysis of 1122 acetabular fractures. METHODS: According to acetabular three-column conception, and pelvic ring lesions damage direction caused by acetabular fracture domino effect and injury degree of proximal femur joint, it defined class A as any column acetabular fracture; class B as any two-column acetabular fracture; class C as front, dome and posterior mixture acetabular fracture. Lower case English letters a, m, p represented front, dome, posterior fracture, respectively. Acetabular damage variables: 1 was simple displaced fractures; 2 was comminuted fractures; 3 was compression fractures. Pelvic ring lesions damage variables: alpha was sacroiliac joints or sacroiliac fracture horizontal separation deflection; beta was sacroiliac joints or sacroiliac fracture vertical separation deflection; gamma was pubic symphysis separation/superior and inferior ramus of pubis fracture deflection; alpha beta gamma delta was compound floating damage. Proximal humerus joint damage variables: I was femoral head fracture; II was femoral neck fracture; II was intertrochanteric fractures of femur; IV was I to III compound fracture. The ABC damage variable positioning system for acetabular fracture was made up by the above-mentioned variables. The statistics from March 1997 to February 2010 showed 1122 cases acetabular fractures with 18 cases of double side acetabular fracture and 1140 cases of acetabular fractures. The pelvics anterior-posterior view, ilium and obturator oblique view, and 2/3D-CT materials were analyzed and researched. RESULTS: Each damage variables distribution situation in 1140 cases of acetabular fracture involved A in 237 cases (20.8%), B in 605 cases (53.1%), C in 298 cases (26.1%);front column fracture in 808 cases(70.9%), dome fracture in 507 cases (44.5%), posterior fracture in 1026 cases (90%). Acetabular variables: variabe 1 in 203 cases of simple displaced fracture (17.8%); variabe 2 in 516 cases of comminuted fracture(45.3%); variabe 3 in 421 cases of compression fracture (36.9%); 249 cases of pelvic ring lesions damage (21.8%), 75 cases femoral head fracture (6.6%); 18 cases of double side acetabular fracture and relative pelvic ring and proximal humerus joint variables (1.58%). Key part and curative effect elements of 1140 cases acetabular fracture: 507 cases of dome or posterior acetabular fracture (44.5%); 421 cases of compression fracture (36.9%); 249 cases of pelvic ring variables (21.8%); 75 cases of proximal humerus joint variables (6.6%); 486 cases of simple Aa/pl/2,Bapl/2 acetabular fracture (42.6% ). CONCLUSION: Compression fracture, especially defected compression fracture, takes important part in acetabular damage variables, and also presents that acetabular fracture with pelvic ring and proximal femoral damage variables are not rare at all. The relationship of the acetabular fracture damage variables, and its percentage shows the key points and elements in clinical treatment: weight-bearing to dome accounts for 44.5%; compression to defects account for 36.9%, pelvic ring to float accounts for 21.8%; dome fracture to double side fracture account for 6.6%. The system has significant guiding effects on clinic in terms of evaluation of injury severity, anatomic localization, difficulty index, alternative strategy, operative approach, effect of treatment,and prognosis. And the most important thing is that the system creates the comparison of damage variables in same type of fracture and the communication of homo-language and explores a new method.

[A comparisive study between intramedullary interlocking nail and plate-screw fixation in the treatment of tibial shaft fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of tibial shaft fractures treatment with plate-screw or intramedullary interlocking nail. METHODS: Thirty-five fractures were treated with intramedullary interlocking nail. Tape A, B and C were 11, 18 and 6 cases respectively according to AO classification. Forty-five fractures were treated with plate-screw system. Type A,B and C were 10,22 and 13 cases respectively. The mean time between injury and operation was 3 days and 3.5 days respectively. The patients were evaluated with operation time,range of motion,time of bone union,and complications after a mean followup of 13 months(range 8 to 26 months). RESULTS: The mean operation time and the mean range of motion of the ankle and knee were found similar in both groups. The average dorsiflexion angle of ankle was 13 Degrees (0 degrees to 20 degrees) in locked intramedullary nailing group and 11 degrees (0 degree to 20 degrees) in plate group. The average plantar flextion angle of ankle was 41 degrees (30 degrees to 50 degrees) in locked intramedullary nailing group and 47 degrees (30 degrees to 50 degrees) in plate-screw group. The mean time of bone union was 3.3 months with intramedullary nailing and 3.5 months with plate-screw fixation. Length discrepancy occurred in only two patients (2 and 2.5 cm) with intramedullary interlocking nail. One patient treated by intramedullary interlocking nail for a type III open fracture occured osteomyelitis. Plain radiographs showed rotation in two patients with intramedullary interlocking nail and angulation in 3 patients with plate-screw fixation, which were distal-third tibial fractures. CONCLUSION: Plate-screw osteosynthesis could attain satisfactory results in uncomminuted tibia shaft fractures, and locked intramedullary nailing is more appropriate in comminuted fractures.

[A method to avoid the fixator failure by using pedicle screw combined vertebroplasty for spine fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To study a new implant material (carbonated hydroxyapatite, CHA) united pedicle screw to cure spine fracture. METHODS: Thirty-two cases of spine compressed fracture were used with pedicle screw fixator and vertebroplasty. Before operation, patients' vertebral body were compressed (46 + 21)% (20% approximately 70%) on average. In operation, broken vertebral body was reposition through pedicle screw technique, then used self-made syringe to inject CHA into anterior and central column of broken vertebral body through pedicle. And all of patients were not given any bone-graft. RESULTS: In 6 - 26 months followed-up, no immunologic rejection was found about hydroxyapatite, and no any broken of the screws and shafts was found, no loosing and other complications either. All the patients could move in 3 - 5 days after operation. The height of the broken vertebral body were reduced 97% compared with pre-operation. And CHA in vertebral body was degraded gradually, and at the same time it was replace by new bone in vertebral body. After operation, VAS score was 61 +/- 32, and there was significant difference compared with pre-operation. CONCLUSIONS: The pedicle screw fixation united vertebroplasty is an efficient way to prevent the failure of the treatment of spine fracture.

[Clinical research of hemiprosthesis arthroplasty for the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients].

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical results of hemiprosthesis for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients. METHODS: 86 cases (male 35 and females 51) of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients were treated with hemiprosthesis arthroplasty in our hospital. The average age was 87 years old (range from 80 to 98 years old). According to the Evans classification of intertrochanteric fractures, there were 31 cases in type IIIA, 35 cases in IIIB and 20 cases in type IV. Most of the patients fell in the room and fractured, with concomitant diseases. After admitted to the hospital, the patients were consulted and treated for the concomitant diseases, and after the general conditions got stable and no absolute contraindications were found, the hemiprosthesis arthroplasty was performed. Almost all of the patients were operated on within 3 days with general anesthesia under the multi-function monitoring. The greater trochanter was reconstructed with figure of 8 wire fixation, the lesser trochanter with figure of 8 wire fixation, the lesser trochanter was fixed with circular wire around proximal femur. The defect within the femoral calcar was filled with bone cement and in a part of the patients, the intertrochanteric fracture was transformed into femoral neck fracture and the femoral calcar was fixed with femoral prosthesis stem. RESULTS: All operations were successful and the duration of the operation was 45 to 70 minutes with an average of 55 minutes. Blood was transfused in 73 patients during the operation between 400-800 ml with an average 450 ml. The patients got out of the bed within 3 days in 33 cases, 4-7 days in 43 cases, more than 8 days in 8 cases, and 2 patients couldn't get out of the bed. The period of hospitalization was between 13 to 27 days with an average of 16.8 days. COMPLICATIONS: 2 patients got slight deep phlebitis, 5 patients showed psychological disorders, and disorders in bacterial spectrum appeared in 3 patients, and after appropriate treatments, the complications gradually recovered and had no effect on the function of the affected extremity. 2 cases died of multiple organ failure during the hospitalization. 59 patients were followed up for 6 to 48 months with an average 16 months. The result was excellent in 17 cases who resumed their activities as before they got fractured, good in 35 cases who could walk with walking aid, fair in 5 cases who could walk with others help, and poor in 2 cases who could not walk. 1 patient died of other diseases 5 months after discharged. No dislocation, loosening or late infections occurred. 88.1% showed excellent or good result. CONCLUSION: It's an effective method to treat the unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients with hemiprosthesis arthroplasty. The result was satisfactory. It can decrease the complications, reduce the mortality, improve the patient's the living quality, and reduce the burden of the patient's family.