The formation and evolution of vulnerability risk of rural poor groups under the perspective of social support -- based on the analysis of "sensitivity-resilience".

The anticipated sensitivity and resilience practices of the poor groups expose them to significant vulnerability risks, with social support actions arising from the return to poverty posing additional interference. To comprehensively prevent and mitigate vulnerability risks, breakthroughs in corresponding social support are essential. This study, through questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews, collected original data from 750 impoverished households in Lantian County, northwest China. Using a bottom-up approach, it constructed a "sensitivity-resilience" framework to assess the vulnerability and resilience mechanisms of the relatively poor groups. The research reveals that vulnerability and resilience interact in response to risk shocks. The strong livelihood dependence, capital accumulation deficiency, and sensitivity characteristics of social marginalization among rural relatively poor groups, coupled with fragmented and inefficient social support, exacerbate the degree of vulnerability risks, leading to an amplification of sensitivity and a reduction in resilience. Based on these findings, targeted at the characteristics of vulnerability risks and the fatigue factors of social support, this study proposes policy recommendations at two levels: system reengineering to reduce sensitivity and long-term reengineering to enhance resilience, aiming to prevent large-scale return to poverty.

Research on military-civilian collaborative innovation of science and technology based on a stochastic differential game model.

The construction of an integrated national strategic system and capability is an essential goal of implementing the strategy of military-civilian integration in the contemporary era. And the collaborative innovation of military-civilian S&T is an inevitable choice to achieve this goal. Due to the dynamic, complex, and stochastic characteristics of military-civilian S&T collaborative innovation, the level of S&T innovation is highly volatile. This paper takes the internal and external stochastic disturbance factors of military-civilian S&T collaborative innovation as the perspective, studies the strategy selection problem of military-civilian S&T collaborative innovation under military domination, constructs a differential game model to explore the innovation strategies under the non-cooperative model without military subsidies, the non-cooperative model with military subsidies, and the collaborative model. Finally, we use numerical experiments to verify the validity of the conclusions. The study shows that: (1) Within a reasonable range of values of the benefit distribution coefficient, the system can achieve the Pareto optimum, and the collaborative model is conducive to improving the S&T innovation level and the optimum benefit level of the system. (2) Military subsidies can increase the benefits of the system and the parties involved to achieve Pareto improvement. (3) The level of S&T innovation under the collaborative model has dynamic evolutionary characteristics of maximum expectation and variance. As the intensity of disturbance increases, the stability of the system may be destroyed. Risk-averse civil enterprises prefer the cooperative mode, whereas risk-averse civil enterprises prefer the non-cooperative model.