MoS2/MXene Van der Waals heterojunction-based electrochemiluminescence sensor for triple negative breast cancer detection.

The van der Waals heterojunction is able to combine the advantages of different materials and has potential to be used in biosensing researches. In this study, we developed a novel van der Waals heterojunction by combining MXene and MoS2 nanosheets for the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing applications. This van der Waals heterojunction material not only possessed the superior conductivity of MXene, but also regulated the electron transport. Additionally, the incorporation of MoS2 nanosheets into the MXene interlayers significantly enhances the material stability. Meanwhile, nitrogen-rich quantum dots (N dots) were synthesized as ECL tags with an impressive nitrogen content of up to 75 %. By integrating the ECL response of N dots within the van der Waals heterojunction, we established a highly efficient sensing system for miRNA-373, which overexpressed in triple negative breast cancer tissues. The van der Waals heterojunction-based biosensor can enhance the ECL signal of N dots effectively to detect miRNA-373 from 1 fM to 1 µM. Consequently, the developed sensing system holds promise for the early detection of metastasis of the triple-negative breast cancer, paving the way for the effective clinical interventions.

The ECL enhancement of MBene QDs with nanoparticle-on-mirror structure for sensitive detection of exosomal miRNA.

Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy. The development of sensitive and reliable methods to detect the thyroid cancer is the currently urgent requirement. Herein, we developed an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor based on MBene derivative quantum dots (MoB QDs) and Ag NP-on-mirror (NPoM) nanocavity structure. On the one hand, MBene QDs as a novel luminescent material in the ECL process was reported for the first time, which can react with H2O2 as co-reactant. On the other hand, the NPoM nanostructure was successfully constructed with the Ag mirror and Ag NPs to provide highly localized hot spots. The NPoM structure had high degree of light field confinement and electromagnetic field enhancement, which can amplify the ECL signal as the signal modulator. Therefore, the synergistic effect of the nanocavity and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) mode in the NPoM facilitated the enhancement of the ECL signal of MoB QDs over 21.7 times. Subsequently, the proposed ECL biosensing system was employed to analyze the expression level of miRNA-222-3p in the thyroid cancer exosome. The results indicated the relative association between miRNA-222-3p and BRAFV600E mutation. The MoB QDs/NPoM biosensor displayed the ideal potential in assessing thyroid cancer progression for advancing clinical diagnosis applications.

Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorates Heart Aging by Downregulating Matrix Metalloproteinase-9.

PURPOSE: Aging contributes significantly to cardiovascular diseases and cardiac dysfunction, leading to the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the heart and a significant decrease in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) content, coupled with impaired cardiac diastolic function. This study explores whether supplementing exogenous hydrogen sulfide during aging ameliorates the decline in H2S concentration in the heart, suppresses MMP-9 expression, and improves the age-associated impairment in cardiac morphology and function. METHODS: We collected plasma from healthy individuals of different ages to determine the relationship between aging and H2S and MMP-9 levels through Elisa detection and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MC) detection of plasma H2S content. Three-month-old mice were selected as the young group, while 18-month-old mice were selected as the old group, and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) was injected intraperitoneally from 15 months old until 18 months old as the old + NaHS group. Plasma MMP-9 content was detected using Elisa, plasma H2S content, cardiac H2S content, and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) activity were detected using LC/MC, and cardiac function was detected using echocardiography. Heart structure was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masone staining was used to detect the degree of cardiac fibrosis, while western blot was used to detect the expression of MMP-9, CSE, and aging marker proteins. Knockdown of MMP-9 and CSE in H9c2 cells using small interfering RNA was carried out to determine the upstream-downstream relationship between MMP-9 and CSE. RESULTS: H2S content in the plasma of healthy individuals decreases with escalating age, whereas MMP-9 level rises with age progression. Aging leads to a decrease in H2S levels in the heart and plasma of mice, severe impairment of cardiac diastolic function, interstitial relaxation, and fibrosis of the heart. Supplementing with exogenous H2S can improve these phenomena. CONCLUSION: H2S maintains the structure and function of the heart by inhibiting the expression of MMP-9 during the aging process.

Dual-ligand Eu-MOF/CuS@Au Heterostructure Array-based ECL Sensor for MiRNA-128 Detection in Glioblastoma Tissues.

In this work, the dual-ligand lanthanide metal-organic framework (MOF)-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor was constructed for the detection of miRNA-128 in glioblastoma (GBM) diagnosis. The luminescent Eu-MOF (EuBBN) was synthesized with terephthalic acid (BDC) and 2-amino terephthalic acid (BDC-NH2) as dual-ligand. Due to the antenna effect, EuBBN with conjugated-π structure exhibited strong luminescent signal and high quantum efficiency, which can be employed as ECL nanoprobe. Furthermore, the novel plasmonic CuS@Au heterostructure array has been prepared. The localized surface plasmon resonance coupling effect of the CuS@Au heterostructure array can amplify the ECL signal of EuBBN significantly. The EuBBN/CuS@Au heterostructure array-based sensing system has been prepared for the detection of miRNA-128 with a wide linear range from 1 fM to 1 nM and a detection limit of 0.24 fM. Finally, miRNA-128 in the clinic GBM tissue sample has been analysis for the distinguish of tumor grade successfully. The results demonstrated that the dual-ligand MOF/CuS@Au heterostructure array-based ECL sensor can provide important support for the development of GBM diagnosis.

Advances in regenerated cellulosic aerogel from waste cotton textile for emerging multidimensional applications.

Rapid development of society and the improvement of people's living standards have stimulated people's keen interest in fashion clothing. This trend has led to the acceleration of new product innovation and the shortening of the lifespan for cotton fabrics, which has resulting in the accumulation of waste cotton textiles. Although cotton fibers can be degraded naturally, direct disposal not only causes a serious resource waste, but also brings serious environmental problems. Hence, it is significant to explore a cleaner and greener waste textile treatment method in the context of green and sustainable development. To realize the high-value utilization of cellulose II aerogel derived from waste cotton products, great efforts have been made and considerable progress has been achieved in the past few decades. However, few reviews systematically summarize the research progress and future challenges of preparing high-value-added regenerated cellulose aerogels via dissolving cotton and other cellulose wastes. Therefore, this article reviews the regenerated cellulose aerogels obtained through solvent methods, summarizes their structure, preparation strategies and application, aimed to promote the development of the waste textile industry and contributed to the realization of carbon neutrality.

Thermal Radiation Annealing for Overcoming Processing Temperature Limitation of Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells.

Common polymeric conductive electrodes, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) coated with indium tin oxide, face a major challenge due to their low processing-temperature limits, attributed to PET's low glass transition temperature (Tg) of (70-80 °C). This limitation significantly narrows the scope of material selection, limits the processing techniques applicable to the low Tg, and hinders the ripened technology transfer from glass substrates to them. Addressing the temperature constraints of the flexible substrates is impactful yet underexplored, with broader implications for fields beyond photovoltaics. Here, a new thermal radiation annealing methodology is introduced to address this issue. By applying the above Tg radiation annealing in conjunction with thermoelectric cooling, highly ordered molecular packing on PET substrates is successfully created, which is exclusively unachievable due to PET's low thermal tolerance. As a result, in the context of perovskite solar cells, this approach enables the circumvention of high-temperature annealing limitations of PET substrates, leading to a remarkable flexible device efficiency of 22.61% and a record fill factor of 83.42%. This approach proves especially advantageous for advancing the field of flexible optoelectronic devices.

Magnetoplasmonic Metasurface-Modulated Electrochemiluminescence Strategy for Extracellular Vesicle Detection.

Due to the ideal optical manipulation ability, the metasurface has broad prospects in the development of novel optical research. In particular, an active metasurface can control optical response through external stimulus, which has attracted great research interest. However, achieving effective modulation of the optical response is a significant challenge. In this work, we have developed a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal modulation strategy by an active magnetoplasmonic metasurface under an external magnetic field. The magnetoplasmonic metasurface was assembled based on yolk-shell Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Au YS-NPs). On the one hand, the yolk-shell structure of Fe3O4@Au YS-NPs possessed the surface plasmon coupling effect and cavity-based Purcell effect, which provided high-intensity electromagnetic hot spots in the magnetoplasmonic metasurface. On the other hand, due to the strong magnetic response of the Fe3O4 core, the local magnetic field was induced by the external magnetic field, which further generated Lorentz force acting on the free electrons of Au nanoshells with strong optical anisotropy. The plasmon frequency of the metasurface can be effectively modulated by the Lorentz force effect. As a result, the ECL signal of nitrogen dots (N dots) was dynamically modulated and significantly enhanced at a specific polarization angle by the magnetoplasmonic metasurface under the variable external magnetic field. Based on the luminescence modulation ability and structure feature, the magnetoplasmonic metasurface was further established successfully as a sensing interface for gastric cancer (GC) extracellular vesicle (EV) detection. This study illustrated that the electromagnetic response of the active metasurface can effectively improve the optical modulation ability and luminescence sensing performance.

Development of a Novel Energy Saving and Environmentally Friendly Starch via a Graft Copolymerization Strategy for Efficient Warp Sizing and Easy Removal.

Warp sizing is a key process in textile production. However, before the yarn/fabric finishing, such as dyeing, the paste adhering to the warp must be eliminated to ensure optimal dyeing properties and the flexibility of the fabric. Therefore, the sizing will often consume a lot of energy and produce a lot of industrial wastewater, which will cause serious harm to the environment. In this study, we have developed an energy saving and environmentally friendly starch-based slurry by modifying natural starch with acrylamide. The paste has excellent viscosity stability and fiber adhesion, and exhibits excellent performance during warp sizing. In addition, the slurry has good water solubility at 60-70 °C, so it is easy to desize at low temperatures. Because of this, the sizing of the warp can be deslimed directly from the yarn during subsequent washing processes. This work can not only reduce some costs for the textile industry, but also achieve the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction.

Self-similar chiral organic molecular cages.

The endeavor to enhance utility of organic molecular cages involves the evolution of them into higher-level chiral superstructures with self-similar, presenting a meaningful yet challenging. In this work, 2D tri-bladed propeller-shaped triphenylbenzene serves as building blocks to synthesize a racemic 3D tri-bladed propeller-shaped helical molecular cage. This cage, in turn, acts as a building block for a pair of higher-level 3D tri-bladed chiral helical molecular cages, featuring multilayer sandwich structures and displaying elegant characteristics with self-similarity in discrete superstructures at different levels. The evolutionary procession of higher-level cages reveals intramolecular self-shielding effects and exclusive chiral narcissistic self-sorting behaviors. Enantiomers higher-level cages can be interconverted by introducing an excess of corresponding chiral cyclohexanediamine. In the solid state, higher-level cages self-assemble into supramolecular architectures of L-helical or D-helical nanofibers, achieving the scale transformation of chiral characteristics from chiral atoms to microscopic and then to mesoscopic levels.

The luminescent principle and sensing mechanism of metal-organic framework for bioanalysis and bioimaging.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) porous material have obtained more and more attention during the past decade. Among various MOFs materials, luminescent MOFs with specific chemical characteristics and excellent optical properties have been regarded as promising candidates in the research of cancer biomarkers detection and bioimaging. Therefore, the latest advances and the principal biosensing and imaging strategies based on the luminescent MOFs were discussed in this review. The effective synthesis methods of luminescent MOFs were emphasized firstly. Subsequently, the luminescent principle of MOFs has been summarized. Furthermore, the luminescent MOF-based sensing mechanisms have been highlighted to provide insights into the design of biosensors. The designability of LMOFs was suitable for different needs of biorecognition, detection, and imaging. Typical examples of luminescent MOF in the various cancer biomarkers detection and bioimaging were emphatically introduced. Finally, the future outlooks and challenges of luminescent MOF-based biosensing systems were proposed for clinical cancer diagnosis.

Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in aging arteries by regulating ferroptosis.

Aging causes vascular endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the causes of vascular endothelial dysfunction during aging using plasma and renal arteries from patients who underwent nephrectomy and animal models. The results showed that the endogenous H2S-producing enzyme cystathione-γ-lyase (CSE) protein expression was downregulated in renal artery tissue, plasma H2S levels were reduced. Moreover, elevated lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation levels led to ferroptosis and endothelial diastolic function in the renal arteries was impaired in the elderly group. H2S enhanced the endogenous CSE expression in the elderly group, promoted endogenous H2S production, decreased lipid peroxide expression, and inhibited ferroptosis, which in turn improved vascular endothelial function in the elderly group. In animal models, we also observed the same results. In addition, we applied NaHS, Ferrostatin-1 (ferroptosis inhibitor) and erastin (ferroptosis inducer) to incubate renal arteries of SD rats. The results showed that NaHS enhanced ferroptosis related proteins expression, inhibited ferroptosis and improved vascular endothelial function. We demonstrated that endothelial dysfunction associated with aging is closely related to reduced endogenous H2S levels and ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells. Notably, H2S reduced lipid peroxidation levels in vascular endothelial cells, inhibited ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells, and improved endothelial dysfunction.

Dynamically Metasurface-Modulated Electrochemiluminescence Polarization Coupling Angle Strategy for miR-142-3p Detection.

The combination of the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technique with nanophotonics research can spark new analytical and sensing applications. Herein, we developed a novel modulation strategy of the ECL polarization angle based on the dynamically tunable few-layer metasurface. The bilayer metasurface consisted of a fixed Au-Ag core-shell nanocube array (Au@Ag NCA) layer with strong plasmonic hot spots and different amounts of the Au nanoparticles@MoS2 heterostructure nanosheet (0D-2D HNS) layer with strong metal-support interaction. Due to the interference and near-field coupling between layers, the bilayer metasurface can strongly redistribute the local electromagnetic field and energy in the ECL system, which not only significantly amplified the ECL signal but also modulated the polarization coupling angle. Therefore, the novel ECL polarization angle-resolved sensing strategy has been developed, which was beneficial to improve the sensitivity and resolution of ECL sensing. A dynamically tunable metasurface-based ECL biosensor was successfully used to detect the asthma-related miRNA-142-3p (miR-142-3p). Moreover, the simulation calculations of the electromagnetic field revealed the unique optical activity of the metasurface. This study brought the insightful understanding of the metasurface-modulated optical signal and provided a new idea to construct novel sensing platforms.

ECL resonance energy transfer-regulated "off-on" mode biosensor for the detection of miRNA-150-5p in triple negative breast cancer.

MiRNAs played critical roles in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) as potential biomarkers. Herein, an efficient signal "off-on" mode-biosensor based on electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) was successfully constructed for the miRNA-150-5p determination in TNBC. The ECL-RET regulated-sensing platform consisted of NiMn-LDHs nanoflowers, the artificially assembled phospholipid bilayers and hairpin DNA-labeled Eu-doped MoS2 QDs. Firstly, Eu-doped MoS2 QDs with high quantum efficiency were prepared as the ECL-RET donors. And NiMn-layer double hydroxides (LDHs) nanoflowers with wide UV-vis absorption spectra as the ECL-RET acceptors. Secondly, due to the hairpin DNA structure, the closed distance between ECL-RET donor-acceptor pair can quench the luminescence signal of Eu-doped MoS2 QDs. When miRNA-150-5p was captured, the hairpin DNA structure changed to a rodlike configuration and enlarged the distance between Eu-doped MoS2 QDs and NiMn-LDHs. As a result, the recovery of ECL signal can be observed as a signal "turn off-on" mode. Furthermore, the hydrophilicity of the lipid bilayer can reduce the nonspecific adsorption and improve the flexibility of the hairpin DNA efficiently. Therefore, based on the ECL-RET regulation strategy, the biosensor was employed to detect miRNA-150-5p from 10 fM to 1 nM with a detection limit of 1.5 fM. The constructed biosensor can effectively differentiate TNBC patient tumor and healthy breast fibroadenoma. The ECL-RET regulation strategy provided a new biosensing pathway for ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules and promoted the development of diagnosis and treatment of TNBC.

High electrochemical active Au-NP/2D zinc-metal organic frameworks heterostructure-based ECL sensor for the miRNA-522 detection in triple negative breast cancer.

In this work, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor has been developed to detect the miRNA-522 in the tumor tissues of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Au NPs/Zn MOF heterostructure was obtained by in situ growth and used as novel luminescence probe. Firstly, zinc-metal organic framework nanosheets (Zn MOF NSs) were synthesized with Zn2+ as the central metal ion and 2-aminoterephthalic acid (NH2-BDC) as the ligand. 2D MOF nanosheets with ultra-thin layered structure and relatively large specific surface areas can enhance the catalytic activity in the ECL generation. Furthermore, the electron transfer capacity and the electrochemical active surface area of MOF were greatly improved by the growth of Au NPs. Therefore, Au NPs/Zn MOF heterostructure showed the significant electrochemical activity in the sensing process. In addition, the magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2@Au microspheres were used as capture units in the magnetic separation step. The magnetic spheres with hairpin aptamer H1 can capture target gene. Then the captured miRNA-522 triggered the target catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA) sensing process and linked Au NPs/Zn MOF heterostructure. The concentration of miRNA-522 can be quantified by the ECL signal enhancement of the Au NPs/Zn MOF heterostructure. Due to the high catalytic activity of Au NPs/Zn MOF heterostructure and their unique structural and electrochemical properties, the prepared ECL sensor achieved high-sensitive detection of miRNA-522 in the range of 1 fM to 0.1 nM with the detection limit of 0.3 fM. This strategy can provide a potential alternative for miRNA detection in medical research and clinical diagnosis of triple negative breast cancer.

Bismuth Nano-Nest/Ti3CN Quantum Dot-Based Surface Plasmon Coupling Electrochemiluminescence Sensor for Ascites miRNA-421 Detection.

In this study, a novel surface plasmon-coupled electrochemiluminescence (SPC-ECL) biosensor was developed based on bismuth nano-nest and Ti3CN quantum dots (Ti3CN QDs). First, MXene derivative QDs (Ti3CN QDs) with excellent luminescence performance were prepared as the ECL luminescent. The N doping in Ti3CN QDs can effectively improve the luminescence performance and catalytic activity. Therefore, the luminescence performance of QDs has been effectively improved. Furthermore, the bismuth nano-nest structure with a strong localized surface plasmon resonance effect has been designed as the sensing interface via the electrochemical deposition method. It was worth noticed that the morphology of bismuth nanomaterials can be controlled effectively on the electrode surface by the step potential method. Due to the abundant surface plasmon hot spots generated between the bismuth nano-nests, the isotropic ECL signal of Ti3CN QDs can be not only significantly enhanced by 5.8 times but also converted into polarized emission. Finally, the bismuth nano-nest/Ti3CN QD-based SPC-ECL sensor was used to quantify miRNA-421 in the range of 1 fM to 10 nM. The biosensor has been successfully used for miRNA in ascites samples from gastric cancer patients, which indicated that the SPC-ECL sensor developed in this study has great potential for clinical analysis.

Asymmetric Heterodimer-Regulated Surface Plasmon Coupling ECL Polarization Strategy for MiRNA-182 Detection.

In this work, a novel plasmonic heterodimer with controllable hot spot was designed and applied to regulate surface plasmon coupling electrochemiluminescence (SPC-ECL) polarization sensing system. The heterodimer nanostructure consisted of individual Au-Ag core-shell nanocubes (Au@Ag NC) and Au nanospheres (Au NS), which were precisely assembled by thiol-DNA and biotin-streptavidin. The asymmetric nanostructure can significantly modulate the ECL intensity and emission polarization angle based on the synergy of the surface plasmon coupling (SPC) effect and the lightning rod effect with extraordinary field enhancement in the hot spot region. As a result, the isotropic ECL signal of zinc-doped nitrogen dots (Zn-N dots) was regulated in the directional emission. Furthermore, the SPC-ECL biosensor was successfully applied to detect miRNA-182 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissues. The research on the established relationship between ECL polarization analysis and plasmonic heterodimers can provide a new pathway for the development of ECL sensing platforms.

Transient and general synthesis of high-density and ultrasmall nanoparticles on two-dimensional porous carbon via coordinated carbothermal shock.

Carbon-supported nanoparticles are indispensable to enabling new energy technologies such as metal-air batteries and catalytic water splitting. However, achieving ultrasmall and high-density nanoparticles (optimal catalysts) faces fundamental challenges of their strong tendency toward coarsening and agglomeration. Herein, we report a general and efficient synthesis of high-density and ultrasmall nanoparticles uniformly dispersed on two-dimensional porous carbon. This is achieved through direct carbothermal shock pyrolysis of metal-ligand precursors in just ~100 ms, the fastest among reported syntheses. Our results show that the in situ metal-ligand coordination (e.g., N → Co2+) and local ordering during millisecond-scale pyrolysis play a crucial role in kinetically dominated fabrication and stabilization of high-density nanoparticles on two-dimensional porous carbon films. The as-obtained samples exhibit excellent activity and stability as bifunctional catalysts in oxygen redox reactions. Considering the huge flexibility in coordinated precursors design, diversified single and multielement nanoparticles (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ag, etc) were generally fabricated, even in systems well beyond traditional crystalline coordination chemistry. Our method allows for the transient and general synthesis of well-dispersed nanoparticles with great simplicity and versatility for various application schemes.

Human placental extract regulates polarization of macrophages via IRGM/NLRP3 in allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is globally prevalent and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Alternative activation of macrophages is suggested in AR and thought to be involved in natural immunoregulatory processes in AR. Aberrant activation of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is linked with AR. Human placenta extract (HPE) is widely used in clinics due to its multiple therapeutic potential carried by diverse bioactive molecules in it. We aim to investigate the effect of HPE on AR and the possible underlying mechanism. Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR rat model was set up and treated by HPE or cetirizine. General manifestation of AR was evaluated along with the histological and biochemical analysis performed on rat nasal mucosa. A proteomic analysis was performed on AR rat mucosa. Mouse alveolar macrophages (MH-S cells) were cultured under OVA stimulation to investigate the regulation of macrophages polarization. The morphological changes and the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM) in nasal mucosa as well as in MH-S cells were evaluated respectively. The results of our study showed the general manifestation of AR along with the histological changes in nasal mucosa of AR rats were improved by HPE. HPE suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome and the decline of IRGM in AR rats and MH-S cells. HPE regulates macrophage polarization through IRGM/NLRP3. We demonstrated that HPE had protection for AR and the protection is achieved partly through suppressing M1 while promoting M2, the process which is mediated by IRGM via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in AR.

Oxidative stress induced by berberine-based mitochondria-targeted low temperature photothermal therapy.

Introduction: Mitochondria-targeted low-temperature photothermal therapy (LPTT) is a promising strategy that could maximize anticancer effects and overcome tumor thermal resistance. However, the successful synthesis of mitochondria-targeted nanodrug delivery system for LPTT still faces diverse challenges, such as laborious preparations processes, low drug-loading, and significant systemic toxicity from the carriers. Methods: In this study, we used the tumor-targeting folic acid (FA) and mitochondria-targeting berberine (BBR) derivatives (BD) co-modified polyethylene glycol (PEG)-decorated graphene oxide (GO) to synthesize a novel mitochondria-targeting nanocomposite (GO-PEG-FA/BD), which can effectively accumulate in mitochondria of the osteosarcoma (OS) cells and achieve enhanced mitochondria-targeted LPTT effects with minimal cell toxicity. The mitochondria-targeted LPTT effects were validated both in vitro and vivo. Results: In vitro experiments, the nanocomposites (GO-PEG-FA/BD) could eliminate membrane potential (ΔΨm), deprive the ATP of cancer cells, and increase the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which ultimately induce oxidative stress damage. Furthermore, in vivo results showed that the enhanced mitochondria-targeted LPTT could exert an excellent anti-cancer effect with minimal toxicity. Discussion: Taken together, this study provides a practicable strategy to develop an ingenious nanoplatform for cancer synergetic therapy via mitochondria-targeted LPTT, which hold enormous potential for future clinical translation.

Chemi-Mechanically Peeling the Unstable Surface States of α-FAPbI3.

Surface states are one of the crucial factors determining the phase stability of formamidinium-based perovskites. Compared with other compositions, exclusive lattice strain in FAPbI3 perovskite generates defects at the surface more readily, making them more vulnerable at the surface and easier to trigger the phase transition from α-phase to the non-perovskite δ-phase. In order to regulate the surface quality, here, a chemi-mechanical cleavage approach is reported, i.e., tape peel-zone (PZ), implemented by attaching and peeling off the ordinary Kapton Tapes. The PZ approach can simultaneously eliminate the surface defects of perovskite and siliconize the film surface with hydrophobic silicone compounds. These two functionalities endow α-FAPbI3 perovskite with a robust hydrophobic surface, which can sustain for 30 days under a relative humidity of 60% and withstand the high temperature up to 240 °C. The unencapsulated PZ-treated cells show 80.3% of initial performance after 90 h of continuous operation in ambient air, which is 31.4 times more stable than the pristine cell.