Chromosomal polymorphisms and susceptibility to menstrual disorders: a retrospective analysis of 24,578 women.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between the polymorphic variants of chromosomes and menstrual disorders. METHODS: The data from our previous retrospective, single-center cohort study were re-analyzed. Women with regular menstruation were included as controls. Women with menstrual cycle abnormalities were subgrouped according to reproductive causes. The frequency of chromosomal polymorphisms was compared between groups. Regression analysis was used to adjust for potential confounding variables. RESULT: A total of 24,578 women composed of 8062 women with regular cycles as the control group and 16,516 women as the menstrual cycle irregularity group were included. When compared with the control group, the incidence of chromosomal polymorphisms in the total menstrual cycle irregularity group, Polycystic ovary syndrome group, and Primary ovarian insufficiency group were significantly higher (4.49% versus 5.34%, P = 0.004, 4.49% versus 5.35%, P = 0.018 and 4.49% versus 5.94%, P = 0.002, respectively). The incidences of inv(9) in the Primary ovarian insufficiency group were significantly higher than that in the control individuals (1.0% versus 1.6%, P = 0.024). Logistic regression analysis showed an effect of chromosomal polymorphisms on menstrual cycle irregularity (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.234-2.187, P = 0.007; adjusted OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.153-1.819, P < 0.001). The result demonstrated an effect of chromosomal polymorphisms on the Primary ovarian insufficiency group (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.307-5.177, P < 0.001; adjusted OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.371-4.605, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The study suggests chromosomal polymorphisms adversely affect female menstrual cycle irregularity.

Efficacy and metabolic safety of long-term treatment with ethinyl oestradiol/cyproterone and desogestrel/ethinyl oestradiol tablets in women with polycystic ovary syndrome / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and metabolic safety of long-term treatment with ethinyl oestradiol/cyproteroneand desogestrel/ethinyl oestradiol tablets in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Women with PCOSfrom West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University enrolled between September, 2011 and August, 2013 were randomlyallocated to receive either ethinyl oestradiol/cyproterone tablets (Group A, =355) or desogestrel/ethinyl oestradiol tablets(Group B, =357) for a prospective observation period of 6 months. Women with insulin resistance also received metformin. Atbaseline, 3 months, and 6 months, the patients were evaluated for menstruation, acne score, body mass index (BMI), waist-tohip ratio (WHR), plasma levels of sex hormones, fasting blood glucose (FPG), HOMA-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), serum lipid, ovarian volume, and the number of ovarian follicles.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients had a regular menstrual cycle aftertreatments. Testosterone level, acne score, LH/FSH, ovarian volume, and the number of follicles decreased significantly afterthe treatments without significant differences between the two groups. Significant increases were noted in TG, TCh, LDL, HDL, and AIP, and HDL level in group A as compared with group B ( < 0.001). FPG decreased in both groups, and wassignificantly lower in group B at 6 months ( < 0.05). BMI and WHR decreased in all the patients with insulin resistance aftercombination treatment with metformin ( < 0.05), but increased significantly in patients without insulin resistance ( < 0.05). Ingroup A, HOMA- IR significantly increased in patientswithout insulin resistance at 3 months ( < 0.05), whereas asignificant increase was not observed until 6 months ingroup B ( < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both ethinyl oestradiol/cyproterone tablets and desogestrel/ethinyl oestradioltablets can relieve the symptoms of PCOS, but it isadvisable to assess the risk of cardiovascular diseasebefore the treatments.</p>

Correlation analysis between serum free testosterone and total testosterone in Chengdu females / 生物医学工程学杂志

This paper is aimed to analyze the correlation between serum free testosterone (FT) and total testosterone (TT) to acquire a cutoff about using total testosterone to diagnose hyperandrogenism in Chengdu females. We investigated 1854 women by cluster sampling method, detected their serum FT levels and TT levels, scored relative items, analyzed the correlation and made the ROC curve to get a cutoff of TT levels. Serum FT had a linear correlation with serum TT (r = 0.597, r2 = 0.356, P < 0.001). The cutoff value was 0.635 ng/mL. The specificity and sensitivity were 76.3% and 77.24%, respectively. No correlation found between serum FT and Ferriman-Gallway Score (P = 0.392). Positive correlations were seen between serum FT and Plewig-Kligman Score (r = 0.137, P < 0.001), serum TT and Ferriman-Gallway Score (r = 0.069, P = 0.003) and serum TT and Plewig-Kligman Score (r = 0.092, P < 0.001). There is a linear correlation between serum FT and TT. We can diagnose hyperandrogenism according to the serum TT cutoff value (0.635 ng/mL). Its clinical symptoms are not paralleled with the biochemical test results.

Association of fat distribution with metabolic syndrome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the characteristics of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in 336 patients with PCOS, and the serum levels triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and testosterone were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total incidence of MS was 18.8% in these 336 patients with PCOS. The incidence of MS increased with percent body fat (%BF) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) in patients with PCOS. The patients at child-bearing age appeared to have a higher incidence of MS than those in puberty. The muscle distribution coefficient, age, body mass index, and the metabolic parameters were all higher in patients with MS than in those without MS. The bilateral lower limb muscle strength were lower in patients with MS than in those without, but the level of testosterone showed no significant difference between them.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The risk of MS increases with BF%, age and LAP in patients with PCOS.</p>

A preliminary investigation of relations of fat mass and leptin to the bone mineral density in ovariectomic rats / 生物医学工程学杂志

The present paper is aimed to investigate the correlation between the fat mass and the bone mass, and to investigate the effect of leptin on bone metabolism in female ovariectomic rats. Forty Wistar female rats, 6-month-old, were randomly divided into the sham surgical (Sham) group and ovariectomic (OVX) group. The body weight, the fat mass inside the abdominal cavity, the bone mineral density (BMD) were determined by DEXA method, and the concentration of leptin was measured by ELISA after operation. The Rats' body mass in ovariectomized group increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the fat mass in abdominal cavity was not increased obviously in ovariectomized group (P = 0.499). The concentration of leptin was no difference between the two groups (P = 0.166). Bone mineral content (BMC)/weight in ovariectomized group was decreased significantly than the sham group (P = 0. 003). The weight at 8th week post-operation was negative correlation with BMC/weight in Sham group and was positive with BMD in OVX group. The fat mass and the leptin concentration were negative correlation with BMC/ weight in Sham group. It was concluded that the fat mass and the leptin were raleted to the BMC/weight.

Effects of Kuntai Capsule and hormone replacement therapy on cognitive function and mental symptoms of early postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial / 中西医结合学报

Background: Conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) treatment, a hormone replacement therapy, is restricted for use in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women because of security issues. Consequently, traditional Chinese herbal medicine has become an alternative choice for the patients with contraindications to hormone replacement therapy. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kuntai Capsule and CEE in treating cognitive function disorder and mental symptoms of early postmenopausal women. Design, setting, participants and interventions: A total of 57 cases of early postmenopausal women from Outpatient Department of West China Women and Children's Hospital were included. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: Kuntai group with 28 cases and CEE group with 29 cases. The patients in Kuntai group received 6 g Kuntai capsules three times a day. The patients in CEE group received CEE 0.3 mg and 0.6 mg alternately once a day (average dose of 0.45 mg/d). The patients with intact uterus in CEE group were treated with 2 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate daily. Main outcome measures: In one-year treatment course, the recognition function and mental symptoms of each patient were investigated by questionnaires of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Kupperman, and quality of life (QOL) every three months. Both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol set (PPS) analyses were done. Results: The MMSE, Kupperman index and QOL scores at each time point were improved as compared with those before treatment (P0.05). The MMSE scores showed a tendency to escalate while mental symptoms investigated by Kupperman index and QOL scale showed a downtrend. No severe adverse effects occurred in the study phase and no statistical difference in incidence of side effects between the two groups was found except for vaginal bleeding. The incidence rates of vaginal bleeding in CEE and Kuntai groups were 39.3% and 11.1% respectively (P=0.029). Conclusion: Both Kuntai Capsule and CEE may contribute to maintain the cognitive function and ameliorate mental symptoms of early postmenopausal women.

On the relationship between serum total adiponectin and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome / 生物医学工程学杂志

It is the intent of this investigation to gain an insight into the relationship of serum total adiponectin with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance. Fifty-eight PCOS patients were enrolled (29 with high serum insulin level and 29 without), at the same time, 29 non-PCOS women with normal weight were included as control. The influencing factors of total adiponectin, PCOS and insulin resistance were analyzed. The serum total adiponectin of PCOS patients and all participants were found to be negatively related to waist hip ratio (r = -0.39, r = -0.36) and InHOMA-IR (r = -0.53, r = -0.45), respectively. Adiponectin was not a protective factor of PCOS (P > 0.1), but it was that of PCOS-insulin resistance (OR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67-0.97; P = 0.02). LH/FSH (OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.16-1.96; P = 0.01) and InHOMA-IR (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.10-1.44; P = 0.01) were risk factors of PCOS, and waist hip ratio was that of PCOS-insulin resistance (OR = 8.57; 95% CI, 2.14-34.30, P = 0.01). Adiponectin might influence fasting insulin and InHOMA-IR (B = -0.22, P = 0.001; B = -0.02, P = 0.002). These data signify that adiponectin is not directly related with PCOS, but it is related with PCOS-HL Adiponectin might participate in the pathophysiologic mechanism of PCOS by influencing insulin sensitivity.