Effect of Psychological Capital of Volunteers on Volunteering Behavior: The Chained Mediation Role of Perceived Social Support and Volunteer Motivation.

This study explored the role of perceived social support and voluntary motivation in the effect of psychological capital of volunteers on volunteering behavior. A sample of 1,165 volunteers who were registered in the China Voluntary Service Information System was investigated using a self-reported questionnaire, showing that the psychological capital, perceived social support, voluntary motivation, and volunteering behavior of the volunteers were significantly and positively related to each other. The psychological capital of the volunteers affected volunteering behavior not only directly, but also indirectly through the mediating role of voluntary motivation. Moreover, perceived social support and voluntary motivation also played a chain role in the relationship between the psychological capital and volunteering behavior of the volunteers. Therefore, increasing the psychological capital of the volunteers should promote their perceived social support and inspire voluntary motivation, in turn affecting their volunteering behavior.

Multilayer network structure enhances the coexistence of competitive species.

The concept of a multiplex network can be used to characterize the dispersal paths and states of different species in a patch habitat system. The multiplex network is one of three types of multilayer networks. In this study, the effect of a multiplex network on the long-term stable coexistence of species is investigated using the concept of metapopulation. Based on the mean field approximation, the stability analysis of a two-species system shows that, compared to the single layer network, the multiplex network is more conducive to the stable coexistence of species when one species has a stronger colonization ability. That is, in such a patch habitat system, if the dispersal paths of the stronger species are different than those of the weaker species, then the larger the heterogeneity of the dispersal network of the stronger species is, the more likely the long-term stable coexistence of species. This result provides a different perspective for understanding the biodiversity in heterogeneous habitats.