Cyclic hexadepsipeptides from the fermentation of Fusarium sp. DCJ-A and their cytotoxic activities.

Beauvercin H (1), a new cyclic hexadepsipeptide, and two known ones (2 and 3) were isolated from the EtOH extract of the solid culture of Fusarium sp. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques, as well as comparison with literature values. Additionally, compounds 1-3 were tested for their cytotoxic activities. The results showed that all isolated compounds exhibited cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 1.379 to 13.12 µM.

[A systematic review regarding the effects of different kinds of selenium supplementations on Kaschin-Beck disease].

OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess the efficacy of different programs regarding the selenium supplementation formulae used for prevention and treatment of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in children. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SCI expanded, CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP (Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database), CBM (The Chinese Biomedical Database), Wanfang Database, CSCD (Chinese Science Citation Database) had been electronically searched. All the searching processes were up-dated to Dec 2012 to identify randomized trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs to compare the selenium supplementation formulae with placebo or with no intervention. Two reviewers assessed the methodological quality of the study design, including RCTs or non-RCTs according to Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.1 or a checklist described by Deeks JJ, et al, respectively. Data was extracted independently. RESULTS: There were 14 RCTs and 12 non-RCTs papers included, but showing low methodological quality. Data from Meta analysis showed that selenium supplementation had caused the following progresses: radiologic improvement (RR = 3.28, 95%CI: 2.06 - 5.22), higher hair selenium (SMD = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.00 - 3.11) lower new radiologic lesions (OR = 0.18, 95%CI: 0.09 - 0.36) than in the placebo or with no treatment groups. Both selenium and vitamin C supplementation did not show differences in radiologic improvement of metaphysis (RR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.84 - 1.22). Combination of selenium and vitamin E supplementation showed higher radiologic improvement than the placebo group. Combination of selenium and vitamin C supplementation had no influence on the difference in radiologic improvement or hair selenium than selenium supplementation. Selenium-enriched yeast showed higher radiologic improvement than sodium selenite (70.83% vs. 48.84%, P < 0.05). Selenium fertilization showed higher radiologic improvement than the non-treatment group (RR = 3.98, 95%CI: 2.25 - 7.05). Comprehensive intervention program and 'grain drying approach' also showed certain effects. CONCLUSION: Selenium supplementation could lead to better radiologic improvement and hair selenium, with lower new radiologic lesions. Current evidence supported its benefits on prevention and treatment of KBD. Large sample sized and well-designed trials together with the reporting on adverse outcome remained necessary.

[The tendency of prevalence of hypertension in two countries in Gansu province from 1990 to 2012].

OBJECTIVE: To study the variation tendency of hypertension in two rural areas in Gansu, and provide epidemiological evidence to evaluate the hypertension of rural residents. METHODS: Using equidistant random sampling method and cross-sectional sentinel monitoring, two remote natural villages, Yangzhuang and Xiangming, at Yellow river and Yangtze river valley were selected as hypertension monitoring site. From 1990 to 2012, clinical examination to the resident above 18 years old was carried out continuously for 23 years, 11 164 cases were included. RESULTS: Hypertension prevalence of tested cases increased with years, Yangzhuang monitoring site increased from 6.9% (16/232) in 1990 to 36.7% (216/597) in 2012 with an increase of 29.8%, and Xiangming monitoring site increased from 3.4% (16/474) in 1995 to 20.6% (120/582) in 2011 with an increase of 17.2%. Total prevalence of Yangzhuang (24.1%, 1505/6240) was significantly higher than Xiangming (11.4%, 578/4924) (χ(2) = 277.9, P < 0.01). Total hypertension prevalence of 18 - 35 years old group was 9.9% (292/2944) in Yangzhuang and 4.2% (63/1495) in Xiangming, Yangzhuang was higher than Xiangming (χ(2) = 43.7, P < 0.01). Total hypertension prevalence of above 35 years old group was 36.8% (1213/3296) in Yangzhuang and 14.1% (515/3429) in Xiangming, Yangzhuang was higher than Xiangming (χ(2) = 417.7, P < 0.01). The growth rates of hypertension prevalence in 18 - 35 years old group of both areas (Yangzhuang: 823.5%, Xiangming: 614.3%) were higher than 35 years old group (Yangzhuang:310.5%, Xiangming: 368.0%), but the hypertension prevalence of above 35 years old group was higher than 18 - 35 years old group. Hypertension prevalence of male was 25.4% (761/2992) in Yangzhuang and 11.7% (238/2047) in Xiangming, Yangzhuang was higher than Xiangming (χ(2) = 145.8, P < 0.01), hypertension prevalence of female was 22.7% (738/3248) in Yangzhuang and 11.2% (340/2877)in Xiangming, Yangzhuang was higher than Xiangming (χ(2) = 125.1, P < 0.01). While the difference between male and female had no statistical significance in both areas. CONCLUSION: Hypertension of the two monitoring points was in high epidemic trend, but with different epidemic trend. From different region and environment research to discuss the cause of hypertension can provide scientific evidence for prevention and control.