[Hygienic characteristics of the population's morbidity rate associated with iodine deficiency in the Republic of Mordovia].

In the article there are presented the results of research on naturally conditioned insufficiency of trace elements, particularly iodine, in the Republic of Mordovia. Iodine deficiency disorders are referred to the most common non-infectious human pathology. According to WHO data, about two billion people on Earth live in conditions of in iodine deficiency. In the Russian Federation there are no areas in which the population would not be at risk for the development of iodine deficiency disorders. To these regions and the Republic of Mordovia is referred. The prevalence of diseases caused by iodine deficiency among the urban population accounted for 100-150, among rural--130-350. In some regions of endemic goiter rate reaches 800. Analysis of the morbidity rate of the population in the Republic of Mordovia, associated with the iodine deficiency, shows that in the structure of diseases related to micronutrient deficiency, by 2013 diffuse goiter plays a leading role, beingfollowed by a multi-node (endemic) goiter onward thyroiditis, subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Thus, the analysis of indices of new cases of diseases associated with the iodine deficiency, allows to make the conclusion that diffuse goiter is the most significant pathology. In the structure of diseases related to the micronutrient deficiency, out of the most frequently detected iodine deficiency disorders, the greatest fraction are diffuse and multinodular goiter. The study was conducted with the support of the project, performed in the framework of the basic part of the State assignment (project 2859) and a RHSF grant.

[The possible role of the inner mitochondrial membrane in regulating oxidative phosphorylation in cells in vivo]. / O vozmozhnoi roli vneshnei membrany mitokhondrii v reguliatsii okislitel'nogo fosphorilirovaniia v kletkakh in vivo.

It has been shown for the first time that the outer mitochondrial membrane has a low permeability for ADP and can control its diffusion into cells in vivo. Respiration of saponin-skinned cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers is maximally stimulated by millimolar concentrations of external ADP. The apparent Km values for ADP are equal to 297 +/- 35 and 334 +/- 54 microM, respectively. After complete extraction of myosin with 0.8 M KCl, which fully preserves the intact structure of the mitochondria, the apparent Km values for exogenously added ADP does not change. However, disruption of the outer mitochondrial membrane by osmotic shock (treatment with 40 mOsM KCl) causes a reduction of the apparent Km value down to 32.3 +/- 5.0 microM of ADP. The apparent Km for ADP in isolated heart mitochondria is 17.6 +/- 1.0 microM. It is concluded that there exists an intracellular factor in the cells in vivo which controls the outer mitochondrial membrane and notably decreases its permeability for ADP. After isolation of mitochondria this factor is lost. When mitochondrial creatine kinase is activated, weak intracellular fluxes of ADP passing through the outer mitochondrial membrane in the skinned fibers are amplified manifold due to the tight functional coupling between mitochondrial creatine kinase and the oxidative phosphorylation system. This coupling is considered to be the central mechanism in the control of cell respiration.