Extended Time Window Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Stroke in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of care for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation within 6 hours of symptoms onset and can be performed with an extended window up to 24 hours in selected patients. Nevertheless, the outcomes of MT with extended window are unknown in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: Explore the safety and efficacy of MT for AIS performed beyond 6 hours from symptoms onset in Brazil. METHODS: We reviewed data from AIS patients treated with MT beyond 6 hours of stroke onset, from 2015 to 2018 in a Brazilian public hospital. Patients had an occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid artery and/or proximal segment of the middle cerebral artery. CT Perfusion mismatch was evaluated using the RAPID® software. We evaluated the modified Rankin scale (mRS) and mortality at 90 days, and rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). RESULTS: Fifty-four patients were included, with a mean age of 65.6 ± 16.1 years, 55.6% were male, and the median NIHSS score at presentation was 17. Successful recanalization (TICI 2b to 3) was obtained in 92.6% of patients and sICH rate was 11.1%. Overall, 34% of the patients had a good outcome (mRS ≤2) at 90 days and the mortality rate was 20.3%. CONCLUSION: Our study, the first series of MT for AIS treated with extended window reported in Latin America, shows that MT can be performed with safety and lead to adequate functional outcomes in this context. Further studies should explore the barriers to broad implementation of MT for AIS in Latin America.

Large Vessel Occlusion Score: A Screening Tool to Detect Large Vessel Occlusion in the Acute Stroke Setting.

BACKGROUND: The results of recent trials of mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke have increased the demand for identification of patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) at the primary stroke center, where a prompt detection may expedite transfer to a comprehensive stroke center for endovascular treatment. However, in developing countries, a noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) may be the only neuroimaging modality available at the primary stroke center scenario, what calls for a screening strategy accurate enough to avoid unnecessary transfers of noneligible patients for endovascular therapy. Algorithms based on National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and NCCT findings can be used to screen for LVO in patients with anterior circulation stroke (ACS). OBJECTIVE: To test the accuracy of a score based on NIHSS and NCCT to detect LVO in patients with ACS. METHODS: We evaluated 178 patients from a prospective stroke registry of patients admitted to an academic tertiary emergency unit. NIHSS and vessel attenuation values of the middle cerebral artery on NCCT absolute vessel attenuation (VA) were collected by 2 investigators that were blind to CT angiography (CTA) findings. We used receiver operating characteristics curve analysis and C-statistics to predict LVO on CTA. RESULTS: NIHSS and vessel attenuation were highly associated with LVO with an area under the curve (AUC) of .86 and .77. The LVO score, built by logistic regression coefficients of the NIHSS and VA, showed the highest accuracy for the presence of LVO on CTA (AUC of .91). CONCLUSION: The LVO score may be a useful screening approach to identify LVO in patients with ACS.

Qualidade de vida em cem alunos do curso de Medicina de Sorocaba - PUC/SP / Quality of life among 100 medical students at the Catholic University in Sorocaba, São Paulo

Poucos estudos analisaram a qualidade de vida (QV) em populações específicas, como os profissionais da área de saúde. Avaliamos a QV por meio do Whoqol-bref em estudantes do primeiro (n = 50) e sexto (n = 50) anos do curso de Medicina. A pontuação média dos alunos do primeiro e sexto anos (escala de 0-100) em cada domínio foi, respectivamente, de 77,9 e 76,8 (físico), 71,1 e 72,6 (psicológico), 70,2 e 77,8 (relações sociais) e 67,7 e 70,1 (ambiental). Houve diferença estatística entre os dois grupos apenas no domínio das relações sociais (p <0,05). Nossos resultados demonstraram pontuações altas em todos os domínios do Whoqol-bref, indicando uma boa QV nos grupos estudados. Os alunos do primeiro ano estão se adaptando à nova vida acadêmica, o que provavelmente contribuiu para sua menor pontuação no domínio das relações sociais. Aproximadamente um terço dos alunos dos dois grupos pontuou dentro do primeiro quartil em três ou em todos os domínios, indicando aqueles com pior QV. Isto sugere que estes indivíduos devem receber maior atenção, para prevenir o risco de burnout descrito na literatura entre estudantes de Medicina.

Few studies have evaluated quality of life (QOL) in specific populations such as health professionals. We evaluated QOL using the Whoqol-bref in first-year (n = 50) and sixth-year (n = 50) medical students. The mean scores for first and sixth-year students (on a scale from 0 to 100) in each domain were, respectively, 77.9 and 76.8 (physical), 71.1 and 72.6 (psychological), 70.2 and 77.8 (social relations), and 67.7 and 70.1 (environmental). There was only a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the social relations domain (p < 0.05). Our results showed high scores in all the domains of Whoqol-bref, indicating good QOLin the target groups. First-year students are adapting to their new academic life, which probably contributes to their lower scores in the social relations domain. Approximately one-third of the students in the two groups scored within the first quartile in three or all of the domains, indicating those with worse QOL. This suggests that these individuals should receive more attention in order to prevent the risk of burnout described in the literature for medical students.