Non-enzymatic biosensor based on F,S-doped carbon dots/copper nanoarchitecture applied in the simultaneous electrochemical determination of NADH, dopamine, and uric acid in plasma.

This work presents the synthesis and characterization of an innovative F,S-doped carbon dots/CuONPs hybrid nanostructure obtained by a direct mixture between F,S-doped carbon dots obtained electrochemically and copper nitrate alcoholic solution. The hybrid nanostructures synthesized were characterized by absorption spectroscopy in the Ultraviolet region (UV-vis), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and different electrochemical techniques. The fluoride and sulfur-doped carbon dots/CuONPs nanostructures were used to prepare a non-enzymatic biosensor on a printed carbon electrode, exhibiting excellent electrocatalytic activity for the simultaneous determination of NADH, dopamine, and uric acid in the presence of ascorbic acid with a detection limit of 20, 80, and 400 nmol L-1, respectively. The non-enzymatic biosensors were also used to determine NADH, dopamine, and uric acid in plasma, and they did not suffer significant interference from each other.

Novel, high-intensity exercise prescription improves muscle mass, mitochondrial function, and physical capacity in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

We conducted, in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD), a thorough assessment of neuromotor function and performance in conjunction with phenotypic analyses of skeletal muscle tissue, and further tested the adaptability of PD muscle to high-intensity exercise training. Fifteen participants with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage 2-3) completed 16 wk of high-intensity exercise training designed to simultaneously challenge strength, power, endurance, balance, and mobility function. Skeletal muscle adaptations (P < 0.05) to exercise training in PD included myofiber hypertrophy (type I: +14%, type II: +36%), shift to less fatigable myofiber type profile, and increased mitochondrial complex activity in both subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar fractions (I: +45-56%, IV: +39-54%). These adaptations were accompanied by a host of functional and clinical improvements (P < 0.05): total body strength (+30-56%); leg power (+42%); single leg balance (+34%); sit-to-stand motor unit activation requirement (-30%); 6-min walk (+43 m), Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Scale (PDQ-39, -7.8pts); Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) total (-5.7 pts) and motor (-2.7 pts); and fatigue severity (-17%). Additionally, PD subjects in the pretraining state were compared with a group of matched, non-PD controls (CON; did not exercise). A combined assessment of muscle tissue phenotype and neuromuscular function revealed a higher distribution and larger cross-sectional area of type I myofibers and greater type II myofiber size heterogeneity in PD vs. CON (P < 0.05). In conclusion, persons with moderately advanced PD adapt to high-intensity exercise training with favorable changes in skeletal muscle at the cellular and subcellular levels that are associated with improvements in motor function, physical capacity, and fatigue perception.