ABSTRACT
Effective treatment of alcoholism requires adopting a psychodynamically informed case-specific approach. Control mastery theory provides a powerful way to understand and treat the alcoholic patient. The theory posits that individuals hold unconscious pathogenic beliefs that contribute to the development and maintenance of alcoholism. The primary therapeutic goal is to create a safe atmosphere that enables patients to disabuse themselves of their maladaptive beliefs and their attendant guilt. In this way, patients become freer to more accurately test reality and thus more effectively pursue normal developmental goals. The treatment of the alcoholic patient progresses through phases, each of which poses different therapeutic challenges. The salient therapeutic tasks addressed in this article are denial, containing affect, relapse prevention, and Alcoholics Anonymous involvement. By understanding the individual's unique pathogenic belief system, the therapist is better equipped to help the patient through the generic phases and tasks of the recovery process.
Subject(s)
Alcoholics Anonymous , Alcoholism/rehabilitation , Internal-External Control , Psychoanalytic Therapy , Alcoholism/psychology , Defense Mechanisms , Guilt , Humans , Individuality , Personality Development , Psychoanalytic Theory , Recurrence , Social AdjustmentABSTRACT
A 49-year-old white man developed focal oral warty dyskeratoma, which is a solitary, elevated nodule with a keratotic umbilicated center. The term "focal oral warty dyskeratoma" was suggested to distinguish these lesions from the histologically similar oral lesions found in Darier's disease. This paper reviews previously published reports of the lesion and presents an additional case. The average age of patients was 52.2 years, and a slight male predilection was noted. In almost all cases, the lesion was found in tissue overlying bone, with the maxillary alveolar ridge and palate being the most common locations. When the side of involvement was given, all lesions were noted to be on the left side. No evidence of a viral presence was seen with light or electron microscopic study, but the possibility of chronic irritation, such as tobacco usage, exists as an etiologic agent.
Subject(s)
Keratosis/pathology , Mouth Diseases/pathology , Warts/pathology , Darier Disease/diagnosis , Darier Disease/etiology , Darier Disease/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Keratosis/diagnosis , Keratosis/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , Mouth Diseases/etiology , Mouth Mucosa/ultrastructure , Tobacco Use Disorder/complications , Warts/diagnosis , Warts/etiologyABSTRACT
The effects of 30- and 45-minute trypsin- and pancreatin-separation on embryonic rabbit palate epithelium and mesenchyme were studied with the electron microscope. Changes in epithelium included fragmentation of the basal lamina and formation of cytoplasmic blebs associated with the basal cell layer. Changes in mesenchymal cells were first evident at 45 min of incubation and included cell fragmentation, nuclear pyknosis, and dilation of extracellular space. Results indicate a differential susceptibility of mesenchyme to the separating agent.
Subject(s)
Mesoderm/ultrastructure , Palate/embryology , Pancreatin/pharmacology , Trypsin/pharmacology , Animals , Culture Techniques , Epithelium/drug effects , Epithelium/ultrastructure , Mesoderm/drug effects , Palate/drug effects , Palate/ultrastructure , RabbitsABSTRACT
Palatal shelves from 14-day-old embryonic mice were exposed to a 27.12 MHz pulsed non-ionizing radiofrequency (Diapulse) for 20 min followed by 24-hour organ culture in nutrient agar. Diapulse-treated palatal shelves showed induction of cartilage within the mesenchymal compartment and loss of the overlying epithelium in contrast to controls which were free of cartilage. The results are thought to be independent of thermal changes and may be due to calcium flux within the tissue.
