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ObjectiveTo establish the specific chromatogram and thin layer chromatography（TLC） of Qingxin Lianziyin（QXLZY） benchmark samples， in order to clarify the key quality attributes and provide a reference for the quality evaluation of QXLZY. MethodHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） specific chromatogram of QXLZY benchmark samples was developed by using a YMC Hydrosphere C18 column（4.6 mm×250 mm， 5 μm） with the mobile phase of acetonitrile（A）-0.2% formic acid aqueous solution（B） for gradient elution（0-10 min， 5%-20%A； 10-20 min， 20%A； 20-25 min， 20%-24%A； 25-40 min， 24%-30%A； 40-55 min， 30%-50%A； 55-65 min， 50%-100%A； 65-75 min， 100%A； 75-75.1 min， 100%-5%A； 75.1-90 min， 5%A）， and the detection wavelength was 360 nm. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/orbitrap mass spectrometry（UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS） with electrospray ionization（ESI） was used to identify the components of QXLZY benchmark samples by accurate relative molecular weight and multilevel MS fragment ion information， the detection conditions were positive and negative ion modes and data dependency scanning mode. TLC identification methods for Ophiopogonis Radix， Lycii Cortex， Nelumbinis Semen， Poria， Astragali Radix and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in QXLZY were established. ResultA total of 15 characteristic peaks were identified from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Plantaginis Semen and Scutellariae Radix， and the relative standard deviations of the retention times of 15 characteristic peaks in 15 batches of QXLZY benchmark samples were≤3% with peak 8（baicalin） as the reference peak. A total of 100 compounds， including flavonoids， organic acids， saponins， amino acids and others， were identified in the benchmark samples by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS. The established TLC had good separation and was suitable for the identification of Ophiopogonis Radix， Lycii Cortex， Nelumbinis Semen， Poria， Astragali Radix and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in QXLZY. ConclusionThe material basis of QXLZY benchmark samples is basically determined by MS designation and source attribution. The established specific chromatogram and TLC of QXLZY are simple， stable and reproducible， which can provide a reference for the development and quality control of QXLZY.
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Objective:To investigate the relationships of expectation gap of postpartum support with perceived stress and postpartum depression, and the mediating role of the former in the association between the latter two.Methods:A total of 278 convenient sample of puerperas at 6-8 weeks after delivery from June to August in 2019 in Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University were investigated with the Perceived Stress Scale, the Chinese version of the Postpartum Social Support Questionnaire, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Structure equation model was established and Bootstrap method was used to explore the direct and indirect effects of these variables.Results:The perceived stress score, and expectation gap of postpartum support score were (26.50±2.50), (25.30±5.79), respectively; and the postpartum depression score was (14.60±2.10). The incidence of postpartum depression(defined as postpartum depression score ≥10) was 37.4%(104/278). Path analysis showed that the model was well fitted (χ 2/ df was 0.265, Tucker-Lewis index was 1.0, comparative fit index was 1.0,root mean square of approximate error was 0, root mean square of standard deviation and residual error was 0.04). Perceived stress positively correlated with expectation gap of postpartum support, and postpartum depression ( P<0.05). Expectation gap of postpartum support positively correlated with postpartum depression ( P<0.05). The effect of perceived stress on postpartum depression was partially mediated by expectation gap of postpartum support (Estimate was 0.285, 95% CI 0.197-0.352). Conclusions:Perceived stress had direct or indirect effect via expectation gap of postpartum support on postpartum depression. This indicated that the medical staff can build a comprehensive support system, reduce the experience of perceived stress among puerperas, improve social support satisfaction, and thus reduce the incidence of postpartum depression.
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Objective To analyze the clinicopathological features and prognosis of immunoglobulin G (IgG)4-related diseases with interstitial nephritis. Methods Forty cases of IgG4-related diseases diagnosed by pathology in our hospital from 2014 to 2018 were collected and their clinicopathological features were analyzed. Four patients with IgG4-related disease with interstitial nephritis were analyzed, including clinical laboratory tests and histopathological features, and immunohistochemical analysis of the type and proportion of renal interstitial infiltrating cells. At the same time, the treatment and prognosis of the patients were analyzed. Results Among 40 cases of IgG4-related diseases, 11 cases had parotid submandibular gland involvement (accounted for 28％), labial gland involvement (7 cases, 18％) and lymph node enlargement (6 cases, 15％). Patients with kidney involvement (4 cases, 10％) all presented with IgG4-related tubulo-interstitial nephritis (IgG4-TIN). All of them were elderly males, and 2 had glomerulopathy. One of them had anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-related vasculitis renal damage. The number of CD4-positive cells in renal interstitium was more than CD8-positive cells. Another case complicated with IgA nephropathy. Renal dysfunction occurred in all 4 cases, and serum IgG4 level ranged from 4.65 g/L to 23.8 g/L. All 4 patients received glucocorticosteroid and symptomatic treatment, and the prognosis was good. Conclusion IgG4-related diseases may involve mul-tiple organs, renal dysfunction may occur when the kidney is involved. Interstitial nephritis is the major clinical manifestation. Glomerular lesions may accelerate the progress of IgG4-TIN. Corticosteroid therapy is effective.
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Objective To investigate the relationship of the clinical characteristics and the Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy.Methods Clinical presentation (age,gender,course of disease,blood pressure,hematuria,24-hour proteinuria,serum creatinine,serum albumin,triglyceride,cholesterol,and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)),pathological data (mesangial hypercellularity,endocapillary hypercellularity,segmental sclerosis or adhesions,tubular atrophy or interstitial fibrosis,artery score,and cellular + fiberocellular crescents) and their correlation of 192 patients with IgA nephropathy patients were analyzed.Results (1)Clinically,hematuria + albuminuria type was the most common among 192 the patients with IgA nephropathy (72 cases,37.5％) followed by nephrotic syndrome (42 cases,21.9％),renal insufficiency (29 cases,15.1％),hypertension (72 cases,37.5％).(2)M1 was 60.0％,E1 was 55.2％,S1 was 46.9％,T0,T1,T2 were 59.9％,22.9％,and 17.2％,respectively,small artery thickening was 46.9％,patients with cellular + fiberocellular crescents wais 48.5％.Some pathology features were related to age.(3)Proteinuria was associated with the mesangial hypercellularity score,endocapillary hypercellularity,segmental sclerosis or adhesions,and tubular atrophy or interstitial fibrosis and cellular + fiberocellular crescents.Blood pressure and renal function were associated with segmental sclerosis or adhesions,tubular atrophy or interstitial fibrosis,small artery thickening and cellular + fiberocellular crescents.Conclusions The Oxford classification has a good clinical guide of treatment and prognosis of IgA nephropathy.
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ObjectiveTo explore the effects of hemofiltration on serum enzyme (SE),endotoxin (ET) and malonaldehyde (MDA) of dogs with heat stroke caused shock.MethodsSixteen healthy male hybrid dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups,8 for each:as heat stroke group (HS group ) and hemofiltration group (HF group).Severe heat stroke model was induced with high temperature.The dogs were taken out of the heating cabin when it reached heat stroke level,and then observed under normal temperature without treatment.The dogs in HF group was immediately treated with hemofiltration.The changes of SE,ET,MDA of two groups of dogs were observed and the survival time between two groups was compared,ResultsThe time from heat exposure to shock was ( 107.00 ± 28.52 ) and ( 111.38 ± 22.24 )minutes in HS group and HF group respectively ( t =- 0.354,P =0.729 ).The SE ( CK,LDH,ALT,AST) of the dogs were all higher after heat stroke,and the dogs of two groups showed no siginificant difference (P ＞ 0.05).At three hours after heat stroke,the SE increased apparently in HS group and HF group,but the level was significantly lower in HF group. Before heat stroke,the serum ET showed no siginificant difference between two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).After heat stroke,the serm ET was much higher than before ( P ＜0.01 ),but there was still no siginificant difference between two groups ( P ＞0.05 ).At three hours after heat stroke,the ET increased both in HF group and HS group,but the level was lower in HF group.Before heat stroke,the serm MDA had no siginificant difference between two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).After heat stroke,the serm MDA was much higher than before ( P ＜ 0.0l ),but there was still no siginificant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).After heat stroke in three hours,the MDA of HS group rose apparently while HF group slowly declined.The median survival time of HF group was 180 min while HS group was 75 min,the survival rate showed siginificant difference (P ＜ 0.01 ).Conc4usions HF can improve the prognosis of dogs with heat stroke caused shock,prolong its survival time,reduce mortality.The mechanism is probably that HF clear serum MDA,partially clear serum ET and then eventually reduce cell and tissue injury and reduce SE.
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OBJECTIVE To analyze the hospital infection-related factors of infant incubator and their countermeasures.METHODS The hospital infections cases with the use of infant incubators from Jan 2005 to Sept 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS From the 205 cases of children with the use of infant incubator,14 cases were infected,the hospital infection rate was 6.82%.Their risk factors were weak immunity,poor hygiene concepts,not strictly executing the hand disinfection systems and hygiene norms,unsatisfactory basic care and high humidity in incubators.CONCLUSIONS To strictly execute the disinfection system and hand hygiene norms,rationally use the antibiotics and to strengthen the basic care and care management can reduce the incidence of hospital infections.
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Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of leptin in pre-implantation embryo,and its effect on mouse embryo development in vitro. Methods Adult NIH female mice were superovulated and then mated with fertile males of the same strain. On the morning of 1st to 4th d of pregnancy,the oviduct and horn of uterus were dissected out and flushed with DMEM/F12 medium adequately. The embryos collected were subjected to the following procedures: ①Total RNA was isolated from embryos of each stage respectively and mRNA expression of leptin was detected by RT-PCR. ②Immunofluorescence staining was performed on blastocysts to analyze the expression and the distribution of leptin protein under laser confocal microscope. ③Eight-cell embryos were cultured in medium containing leptin antibody at various concentrations to observe the formation and hatching of blastocysts. Results ①Leptin mRNA expression was only detected in blastocyst,and no expression was detected in embryos in other stages. Leptin protein was detected in cytoplasma,membrane of trophoblastic cell and inner cell mass,however no expression was detected in cell nucleus. ②Leptin polyclonal antibody significantly inhibited formation of blastocysts (1∶400,P
